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  1. Technology and persistence in global software piracy
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the persistence of software piracy with internet penetration vis-à-vis of PC users, conditional on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) institutions. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 99 countries for the period... mehr

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    This study examines the persistence of software piracy with internet penetration vis-à-vis of PC users, conditional on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) institutions. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 99 countries for the period 1994-2010 and the Generalised Method of Moments. The main finding is that, compared to internet penetration, PC usage is more responsible for the persistence of global software piracy. Knowing how technology affects the persistence of piracy is important because it enables more targeted policy initiatives. We show that the sensitivity of software piracy to IPRs mechanisms is contingent on the specific technology channels through which the pirated software is consumed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204975
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 041
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  2. The comparative African economics of governance in fighting terrorism
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study assesses the comparative economics of governance in fighting terrorism in 53 African countries for period 1996-2012. Four terrorism variables are used, namely: domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorism dynamics. Nine bundled and... mehr

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    This study assesses the comparative economics of governance in fighting terrorism in 53 African countries for period 1996-2012. Four terrorism variables are used, namely: domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorism dynamics. Nine bundled and unbundled governance variables are employed, notably: political stability/no violence, voice & accountability, political governance, government effectiveness, regulation quality, economic governance, corruption-control, the rule of law and institutional governance. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects regressions. In the analytical procedure, we first bundle governa nce indicators by means of principal component analysis before engaging the empirical exercise with the full sample. In the final step, specifications are based on a decomposed full sample in order to articulate the fundamental characteristics for comparative purposes. The following broad findings are established. First, good governance is an appealing tool in fighting terrorism. Second, the relevance of the good governance dynamics is as follows in order of increasing relevance: economic governance, institutional governance and political governance. The findings are presented in increasing order of magnitude to emphasise fundamental features in which governance dynamics have the highest effect in mitigating terrorism.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204977
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 055
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Size, efficiency, market power, and economies of scale in the African banking sector
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    There is a growing body of evidence that interest rate spreads in Africa are higher for big ba nks compared to small banks. One concern is that big banks might be using their market power to charge higher lending rates as they become larger, more... mehr

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    There is a growing body of evidence that interest rate spreads in Africa are higher for big ba nks compared to small banks. One concern is that big banks might be using their market power to charge higher lending rates as they become larger, more efficient, and unchallenged. In contra st, several studies found that when bank size increases beyond certain thresholds, diseconomies of scale are introduced that lead to inefficiency. In that case, we also would expect to see widened interest margins. This study examines the connection between bank size and efficiency to understand whether that relationship is influenced by exploitation of market power or economies of scale. Using a panel of 162 African banks for 2001 − 2011, we analyzed the empirical dat a using instrumental variables and fixed effects regressions, with overlapping and non-overlapping thresholds for bank size. We found two key results. First, bank size increases bank interest rate margins with an inverted U-shaped nexus. Second, market power and economies of scale do not increase or decrease the interest rate margins significantly. The main policy implication is that interest rate margins cannot be elucidated by either market power or economies of scale. Other implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204978
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 056
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  4. Challenges of doing business in Africa
    a systematic review
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper provides a systematic review of challenges to doing business in Africa. It complements the extant literature by answering two critical questions: what are the linkages between the ease of doing business and economic development; and what... mehr

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    This paper provides a systematic review of challenges to doing business in Africa. It complements the extant literature by answering two critical questions: what are the linkages between the ease of doing business and economic development; and what are the challeng es to doing business in Africa? In providing answers to the se questions, the nexus between the ease of doing business and economic development is discussed in six main strands, namely: wealth creation and sharing; opportunities of employment; balanced regional and economic development; Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP per capita; standards of living and exports. Moreover, challenges to doingbusiness are articulated along the following lines: (i) issues related to the cost of starting a business and doing business; (ii) shortage of energy and electricity; (iii) lack of access to finance; and (v) high taxes and low cross-border trade.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204979
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 057
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
  5. ICT, financial access and gender inclusion in the formal economic sector
    evidence from Africa
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study investigates the relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) in modulating the effect of financial access on female economic participation. Female economic participation is proxied by female labor force participation,... mehr

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    The study investigates the relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) in modulating the effect of financial access on female economic participation. Female economic participation is proxied by female labor force participation, financial access is measured with deposit and credit channels while ICT is proxied by mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. The focus of the study is on 48 African countries for the period 2004-2014 and the empirical evidence is based on Generalized Method of Moments. Policy thresholds are established at which, ICT modulates financial access to induce favourable effects on female economic participation. These policy thresholds are: (i) 160 mobile phone penetration (per 100 people) for the deposit channel and (ii) 2.166 and 0.75 fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people for respectively, the deposit mechanism and credit channel. Overall the study supports the importance of ICT in moderating financial access for enhanced female economic participation.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204980
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 058
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)
  6. How enhancing information and communication technology has affected inequality in Africa for sustainable development
    an empirical investigation
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines if enhancing ICT reduces inequality in 48 countries in Africa for the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indictors are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Palma ratio. The adopted ICT indicators include: mobile... mehr

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    This study examines if enhancing ICT reduces inequality in 48 countries in Africa for the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indictors are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Palma ratio. The adopted ICT indicators include: mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. Enhancing internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions have a net effect on reducing the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index, whereas increasing mobile phone penetration and internet penetration reduces the Palma ratio. Policy implications are discussed in the light of challenges to Sustainable Development Goals.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204982
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 054
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  7. Tourism and social media in the world
    an empirical investigation
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study examines the relationship between tourism and social media from a cross section of 138 countries with data for the year 2012.The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Negative Binomial and Quantile regressions. Two main... mehr

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    The study examines the relationship between tourism and social media from a cross section of 138 countries with data for the year 2012.The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Negative Binomial and Quantile regressions. Two main findings are established. First, there is a positive relationship between Facebook penetration and the number of tourist arrivals. Second, Facebook penetration is more relevant in promoting tourist arrivals in countries where initial levels in tourist arrivals are the highest and low. The established positive relationship can be elucidated from four principal angles: the transformation of travel research, the rise in social sharing, improvements in customer service and the reshaping of travel agencies. This study explores a new dataset on social media. There are very few empirical studies on the relevance of social media in development outcomes.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204983
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 053
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  8. The long run stability of money demand in the proposed West African Monetary Union
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the stability of money demand in the proposed West African Monetary Union (WAMU). The study uses annual data for the period 1981 to 2015 from thirteen of the fifteen countries making-up the Economic Community of West African... mehr

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    This study examines the stability of money demand in the proposed West African Monetary Union (WAMU). The study uses annual data for the period 1981 to 2015 from thirteen of the fifteen countries making-up the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). A standard money demand function is designed and estimated using a bounds testing approach to co-integration and error-correction modeling. The findings show divergence across ECOWAS member states in the stability of money demand. This divergence is informed by differences in cointegration, stability, short run and long term determinants, and error correction in event of a shock.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204984
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 052
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  9. Introduction
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This special section aims to advance scholarship on well-being and happiness in Africa. The section covers theoretical, conceptual and empirical contributions which address relevant areas that enhance extant knowledge on linkages between poverty,... mehr

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    This special section aims to advance scholarship on well-being and happiness in Africa. The section covers theoretical, conceptual and empirical contributions which address relevant areas that enhance extant knowledge on linkages between poverty, happiness and well-being in Africa.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204985
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 051
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 4 Seiten)
  10. Responsible use of crop protection products and Nigeria's growth enhancement support scheme
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    We examine the impact of the federal government of Nigeria's (FGN) growth enhancement support scheme (GESS) on responsible use of crop protection products (CPPs) in rural Nigeria. Results from the use of logistic regressions show that GESS... mehr

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    We examine the impact of the federal government of Nigeria's (FGN) growth enhancement support scheme (GESS) on responsible use of crop protection products (CPPs) in rural Nigeria. Results from the use of logistic regressions show that GESS significantly impact on farmers' access to CP Ps, but does not significantly impact on farmers' knowledge and skill of CPP application, and in several cases the misuse has led to deterioration of soil fertility. Findings suggests that embracing information on recommended CPPs, dose rates, dilutions, timing, frequency of applications and precautions should form the foundation of GESS activity attributable to CPPs in sub-Saharan Africa.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204986
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 042
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Basic formal education quality, information technology and inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study assesses the relevance of basic formal education in information technology for inclusive human development in 49 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The question it aims to answer is the following: what is the... mehr

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    This study assesses the relevance of basic formal education in information technology for inclusive human development in 49 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The question it aims to answer is the following: what is the relevance of basic formal education in the effect of mobile phone penetration on inclusive human development in sub- Saharan Africa when initial levels of inclusive human development are taken into account? The empirical evidence is based on instrumental quantile regressions. Poor primary education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on inclusive human development. This main finding should be understood in the perspective that, the education quality indicator represents a policy syndrome because of the way it is computed, notably: the ratio of pupils to teachers. Hence, an increasing ratio indicates decreasing quality of education. It follows that decreasing quality of education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone on inclusive development. This tendency is consistent throughout the conditional distribution of inclusive human development. Policy implications for sustainable development are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204987
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 043
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  12. Foreign aid and sustainable inclusive human development in Africa
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Motivated by evidence that extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa, the study contributes to the literature on reinventing foreign aid by assessing if development assistance can sustain inclusive... mehr

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    Motivated by evidence that extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa, the study contributes to the literature on reinventing foreign aid by assessing if development assistance can sustain inclusive human development. The empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries with data for the period 2005-2012 and Generalised Method of Moments. The adopted foreign aid variables include: aid for social infrastructure, aid for economic infrastructure, aid to the productive sector, aid to the multi sector, programme assistance, action on debt and humanitarian assistance. The results reveal that whereas foreign aid improves inclusive human development in the short-run, it decreases it in the long term. Policy implications are discussed with particular emphasis on reinventing foreign aid for sustainable development in the post-2015 development agenda.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204988
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 044
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  13. Contemporary drivers of global tourism
    evidence from terrorism and peace factors
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the effect of terrorism and peace on tourist destination arrivals using a panel of 163 countries with data for the period 2010 to 2015. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments and Negative Binomial (NB)... mehr

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    This study examines the effect of terrorism and peace on tourist destination arrivals using a panel of 163 countries with data for the period 2010 to 2015. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments and Negative Binomial (NB) regressions. Our best estimators are from NB regressions from which the following main findings are established. First, political instability, violent demonstrations and number of homicides negatively affect tourist arrivals while the number of incarcerations positively influences the outcome variable. Second the effects from military expenditure, "armed service personnel" and "security officers and polices" are not positively significant. Managerial implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204989
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 046
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  14. The impact of e-wallet on informal farm entrepreneurship development in rural Nigeria
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Transforming agriculture from a largely subsistence enterprise to a profitable commercial venture is both a prerequisite and a driving force for accelerated development and sustainable growth in su b - Saharan Africa. The objective of this... mehr

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    Transforming agriculture from a largely subsistence enterprise to a profitable commercial venture is both a prerequisite and a driving force for accelerated development and sustainable growth in su b - Saharan Africa. The objective of this investigation is to assess the impact of the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) e - wallet programme on informal farm entrepreneurship development in rural Nigeria. Informal sector farmers are those that are not legal ly registered at the national level though could be connected to a registered association. The research is motivated by the absence of literature focusing on the problem statement or objective of study. One thousand, one hundred and fifty - two rural farmer s were sampled across the six geo - political zones of Nigeria. Results from the use of a bivariate probit model indicate that the mobile phone - based technology via the e - wallet programme is a critical factor that has enhanced farm entrepreneurship in rural Nigeria. However, results also show that the impact of mobile phones (as a channel to accessing and using modern agricultural inputs) is contingent on how mobile networks are able to link farmers who live in rural areas and work mainly in farming. The resu lts suggest that increasing mobile phone services in rural Nigeria enhances farmers' knowledge, information and adoption of improved farm inputs and by extension, spurs rural informal sector economic activities in sub - Saharan Africa. Implications for prac tice, policy and research are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204990
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 047
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Aid, terrorism, and foreign direct investment
    empirical insight conditioned on corruption control
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper examines the effect of foreign aid in the terrorism-FDI nexus while considering the extent of domestic corruption-control (CC). The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 78 developing countries. The following findings are established:... mehr

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    This paper examines the effect of foreign aid in the terrorism-FDI nexus while considering the extent of domestic corruption-control (CC). The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 78 developing countries. The following findings are established: the negative effect of terrorism on FDI is apparent only in countries with higher levels of CC; foreign aid dampens the negative effect of terrorism on FDI only in countries with high levels of CC. The result is mixed when foreign aid is subdivided into its bilateral and multilateral components. Our findings are in accordance with the stance that bilateral aid is effective in reducing the adverse effect of terrorism on FDI. Multilateral aid also decreases the adverse effect of other forms of terrorism that can neither be classified as domestic nor as transnational. Policy implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204992
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 049
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  16. Doing business and inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Purpose - This study examines how doing business affects inclusive human development in 48 sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. Design/methodology/approach - The measurement of inclusive human development encompasses both absolute pro-poor... mehr

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    Purpose - This study examines how doing business affects inclusive human development in 48 sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. Design/methodology/approach - The measurement of inclusive human development encompasses both absolute pro-poor and relative pro-poor concepts of inclusive development. Three doing business variables are used, namely: the number of start-up procedures required to register a business; time required to start a business; and time to prepare and pay taxes. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects and Generalised Method of Moments regressions. Findings - The findings show that increasing constraints to the doing of business have a negative effect on inclusive human development. Originality/value - The study is timely and very relevant to the post-2015 Sustainable Development agenda for two fundamental reasons: (i) Exclusive development is a critical policy syndrome in Africa because about 50% of countries in the continent did not attain the MDG extreme poverty target despite enjoying more than two decades of growth resurgence . (ii) Growth in Africa is primarily driven by large extractive industries and with the population of the continent expected to double in about 30 years, scholarship on entrepreneurship for inclusive development is very welcome. This is essentially because studies have shown that the increase in unemployment (resulting from the underlying demographic change) would be accommodated by the private sector, not the public sector.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204963
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 031
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  17. Can foreign aid dampen the threat of terrorism to international trade?
    evidence from 78 developing countries
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study investigates whether development assistance can be used to crowd-out the negative effect of terrorism on international trade. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008 and Quantile... mehr

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    The study investigates whether development assistance can be used to crowd-out the negative effect of terrorism on international trade. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008 and Quantile Regressions. The following main findings are established. First, bilateral aid significantly reduces the negative effect of transnational terrorism on trade in the top quantiles of the trade distribution. Second, multilateral aid also significantly mitigates the negative effect of terrorism dynamics on trade in the top quantiles of the trade distributions. It follows that it is primarily in countries with above median levels of international trade that development assistance can be used as an effective policy tool for dampening the adverse effects of terrorism on trade. Practical implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204964
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 032
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  18. The right to life
    global evidence on the role of security officers and the police in modulating the effect of insecurity on homicide
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study investigates the role of security officers and the police in dampening the effect of insecurity on homicides. Insecurity dynamics are measured in terms of access to weapons, violent crime, perception of criminality and political... mehr

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    The study investigates the role of security officers and the police in dampening the effect of insecurity on homicides. Insecurity dynamics are measured in terms of access to weapons, violent crime, perception of criminality and political instability. The geographical and temporal scopes are respectively 163 countries and 2010-2015. The empirical evidence is based on Negative Binomial regressions. Three main findings are established. First , security officers and the police significantly lessen the effect of political instability and perception of criminality on homicides. Second , an extended analysis with thresholds suggest that a maximum deployment of security officers and the police is required in order to completely cancel out the impact of both insecurity dynamics on homicides. The concept of threshold represents the critical mass at which the negative conditional effect from the interaction between security officers and the police completely dampens the effect of insecurity dynamics on homicides. Third , the use of security officers and the police is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the complete eradication of insecurity-related homicides. Policy implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204965
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 033
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
  19. Dollarization and the "unbundling" of globalization in sub-Saharan Africa
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study contributes to the dollarization literature by expanding its determinants to account for different dimensions of globalization, using the widely employed KOF index of globalization. Specifically, globalization is "unbundled" into three... mehr

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    This study contributes to the dollarization literature by expanding its determinants to account for different dimensions of globalization, using the widely employed KOF index of globalization. Specifically, globalization is "unbundled" into three different layers namely : economic, social and political dimensions. The study focuses on 25 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries for the period 2001-2012.Using the Tobit regression approach, the following findings are established. First, from both economic and statis tical relevance, the social and political dimensions of globalization constitute the key dollarization amplifiers, while the explanatory power of the economic component is weak er on dollarization. Second, consistent with the theoretical underpinnings, macroeconomic instabilities (such as inflation and exchange rate volatilities) have the positive expected signs. Third, the positive association between the accumulation of international reserves and dollarization is also apparent. Policy implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204966
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 034
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  20. ICT in reducing information asymmetry for financial sector competition
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    In this study, we examine the role of information and communication technology in complementing information sharing bureaus (or private credit bureaus and public credit registries) for financial sector competition. Hitherto unexplored dimensions of... mehr

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    In this study, we examine the role of information and communication technology in complementing information sharing bureaus (or private credit bureaus and public credit registries) for financial sector competition. Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector competition are employed, namely: financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization and non-formalization. The empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011 and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) with forward orthogonal deviations. The findings differ across financial sectors in terms of marginal, net and threshold effects. By introducing the concept of financialization, the study unites two streams of research by: improving the macroeconomic literature on measuring financial development and responding to an evolving field of development literature by means of informal finance. Moreover, a practical method by which to disentangle the effects of reducing information asymmetry on various financial sectors is suggested. Policy implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204967
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 035
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  21. Mitigating externalities of terrorism on tourism
    global evidence from police, security officers and armed service personnel
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    In this paper, we investigate the role of security officers, the police and armed service personnel in dampening the effect of terrorism externalities on tourist arrivals. The temporal and geographic scopes are respectively 2010-2015 and 163... mehr

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    In this paper, we investigate the role of security officers, the police and armed service personnel in dampening the effect of terrorism externalities on tourist arrivals. The temporal and geographic scopes are respectively 2010-2015 and 163 countries. Four terrorism measurements are used. They include the number of: incidents, injuries, fatalities and property damages. The main findings indicate that armed service personnel can effectively be used to modulate the damaging influence of all four terrorism externalities in order to achieve a positive net effect on tourist arrivals. Conversely, the corresponding moderating role of security officers and the police is not statistically significant. Moreover, violent demonstrations and homicides have a harmful effect on tourist arrivals while the number of incarcerations displays the opposite effect. Policy implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204968
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 036
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 9 Seiten)
  22. The comparative economics of ICT, environmental degradation and inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) could be employed to dampen the potentially damaging effects of environmental degradation in order to promote inclusive human development in a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan African... mehr

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    This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) could be employed to dampen the potentially damaging effects of environmental degradation in order to promote inclusive human development in a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. ICT is captured with internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas environmental degradation is measured in terms of CO 2 emissions per capita and CO 2 intensity. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects and Tobit regressions using data from 2000-2012. In order to increase the policy relevance of this study, the dataset is decomposed into fundamental characteristics of inclusive development and environmental degradation based on income levels (Low income versus (vs.) Middle income); legal origins (English Common law vs. French Civil law); religious domination (Christianity vs. Islam); openness to sea (Landlocked vs. Co astal); resource-wealth (Oil-rich vs. O il-poor) and political stability (Stable vs. Unstable). Baseline findings broadly show that improvement in both of measures of ICT would significantly diminish the possibly harmful effect of CO 2 emissions on inclusive human development. When the analysis is extended with the abovementioned fundamental characteristics, we observe that the moderating influence of both our ICT variables on CO 2 emissions is higher in the group of English Common law, Middle income and Oil-wealthy countries than in the French Civil law, Low income countries and Oil-poor countries respectively. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204969
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 037
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  23. Determinants of foreign direct investment in fast-growing economies
    evidence from the BRICS and MINT countries
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study employs panel analysis to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) and Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) using data for eleven years i.e. 2001 −... mehr

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    This study employs panel analysis to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) and Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) using data for eleven years i.e. 2001 − 2011. First, it uses pooled time-series cross sectional analysis to estimate the model on determinants of FDI for three samples: BRICS only, MINT only, and BRICS and MINT combined; then, fixed effects model is also employed to estimate the model for BRICS and MINT combined. The results show that market size, infrastructure availability, and trade openness play the most significant roles in attracting FDI to BRICS and MINT while the roles of availability of natural resources and institutional quality are insignificant. Given that FDI inflow to a country has the potential of being mutually beneficial to the investing entity and host government, the challenge is on how BRICS and MINT can sustain the level of FDI inflow and ensure it results in economic growth and socio-economic transformation. To sustain the level of FDI inflow, governments of BRICS and MINT need to ensure that their countries remain attractive for investment. BRICS and MINT also need to ensure that their economies absorb substantial skills and technology spillovers from FDI inflow to promote sustainable long-term economic growth by investing more in their human capital. The study is significant because it contributes to literature on determinants of FDI by extending the scope of previous studies which often focus only on BRICS.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204970
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 038
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Governance and social media in African countries
    an empirical investigation
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study assesses linkages between social media and governance dynamics in 49 African countries for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on ordinary least squares and quantile regressions. Ten bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are... mehr

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    This study assesses linkages between social media and governance dynamics in 49 African countries for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on ordinary least squares and quantile regressions. Ten bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are used, notably: (i) polit ical governance (entailing "voice & accountability" and political stability/no violence); (ii) economic governance (involving regulation quality and government effectiveness); (iii) institutional governance (comprising the rule of law and corruption-control) and (iv) general governance (entailing political, economic and institutional governance). Social media is measured with Facebook penetration. The findings show that Facebook penetration is positively associated with governance dynamics and these positive nexuses differ in terms of significance and magnitude of significance throughout the conditional distribution of the governance dynamics.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204971
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 039
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  25. Recent finance advances in information technology for inclusive development
    a systematic review
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The overarching question tackled in this paper is: to what degree has financial development contributed to providing opportunities of human development for those on low-incomes and by what information technology mechanisms? We systematically review... mehr

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    The overarching question tackled in this paper is: to what degree has financial development contributed to providing opportunities of human development for those on low-incomes and by what information technology mechanisms? We systematically review about 180 recently published papers to provide recent information technology advances in finance for inclusive development. Retained financial innovations are structured along three themes. They are: (i) the rural-urban divide, (ii) women empowerment and (iii) human capital in terms of skills and training. The financial instruments are articulated with case studies, innovations and investment strategies with particular emphasis, inter alia on: informal finance, microfinance, mobile banking, crowdfunding, micro insurance, Islamic finance, remittances, Payment for Environmental Services (PES) and the Diaspora Investment in Agriculture (D IA) initiative.

     

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    hdl: 10419/204972
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/18, 040
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten)