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  1. The economic impact of EU free trade agreements on Finland and the EU
    Autor*in: Nilsson-Hakkala, Katariina; Kaitila, Ville; Kuusi, Tero; Lehmus, Markku; Wang, Maria
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Prime Minister’s Office, Helsinki

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9789522878144
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    Schriftenreihe: Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities ; 2019, 70
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 140 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The influence of old-age retirement on health
    causal evidence from the Finnish register data
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Martikainen, Pekka; Valkonen, Tarmo
    Erschienen: 18.4.2019
    Verlag:  ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, Helsinki

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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201282
    hdl: 10419/201282
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 67
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Brexit and indirect impact routes through global value chains
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy

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    hdl: 10419/201371
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA Reports ; 89
    Schlagworte: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen; Internationale Produktion; Wertschöpfung; Brexit; Finnland; Großbritannien; EU-Staaten
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Innovation, reallocation, and growth in the 21st century
    Autor*in: Einiö, Elias; Koski, Heli; Kuusi, Tero; Lehmus, Markku
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Prime Minister’s Office, Helsinki

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    ISBN: 9789523834170
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    Schriftenreihe: Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities ; 2022, 1
    Schlagworte: Business subsidies; innovation; innovation policy; growth; growth models; research; research activities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Euroopan komission ehdottaman hiilirajamekanismin vaikutuksia Suomessa ja EU
    ssa
    Autor*in: Kaitila, Ville; Kuusela, Olli-Pekka; Kuusi, Tero; Pohjola, Johanna; Soimakallio, Sampo
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    We assess the potential impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) based on the European Commission’s proposal presented in 2021. The CBAM products are divided into four categories: cement, fertilizers, iron and steel products, and... mehr

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    We assess the potential impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) based on the European Commission’s proposal presented in 2021. The CBAM products are divided into four categories: cement, fertilizers, iron and steel products, and aluminium products. In terms of production and the value of foreign trade, iron and steel products are by far the largest category, followed by aluminum products. Based on econometric gravity modelling of trade, the impact on EU imports of products covered by the CBAM would be significant. In normal economic conditions, Finland’s extra-EU imports of the products would decrease by a total of around a quarter with the proposed CBAM specifications and current carbon pricing. Based on general equilibrium modelling, the effects of the CBAM would be very small for the Finnish aggregate economy. In Finland and other EU countries, the CBAM would benefit directly or indirectly sectors that manufacture products subject to the mechanism. Other industrial sectors, on the other hand, would suffer slightly from the CBAM. The report assesses implications of different ways to implement the CBAM.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    hdl: 10419/270486
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 128
    Schlagworte: Carbon leakage; Carbon border adjustment mechanism; Gravity model; Computable general equilibrium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Construction value chains and their productivity growth
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Junnonen, Juha-Matti; Kulvik, Martti
    Erschienen: 23.4.2020

    The construction industry has suffered from low growth in recent decades. Motivated by the economic impor-tance of the industry, we revisit the construction produc-tivity puzzle by analyzing the construction value chains of 12 European countries with... mehr

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    The construction industry has suffered from low growth in recent decades. Motivated by the economic impor-tance of the industry, we revisit the construction produc-tivity puzzle by analyzing the construction value chains of 12 European countries with data from the World In-put-Output and EU KLEMS databases. We decompose construction-related value-added and productivity con-tributions to the construction industry and the rest of the value chain, and show that the traditional focus on the construction industry is restrictive. There is a substantial amount of construction-related value-add-ed generated in other industries, and the productivi-ty growth in the construction value chains has, for the most part, been seen in them. Furthermore, we show that there is a strong, long-term relationship between construction-related patents and the improvement of total factor productivity in the value chains, but the val-ue chains typically suffer from low efficiency in the use of information technology.

     
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    hdl: 10419/237364
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 79
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (24 Seiten)
  7. Palveluvienti jasen julkinen tukeminen
    = Service exports and public funding
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Kuusi, Tero; Pajarinen, Mika; Wang, Maria
    Erschienen: 18.5.2020
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    The spatial concentration of production and population to urban areas is an important theme in societal discussion. The spatial concentration of economic activity is called agglomeration in urban economics. The economic impact of agglomeration is... mehr

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    The spatial concentration of production and population to urban areas is an important theme in societal discussion. The spatial concentration of economic activity is called agglomeration in urban economics. The economic impact of agglomeration is seen in the productivity of firms. Understanding agglomeration and its impacts is important from the point of view of transport, business and urbanization policies. This report lays out a theoretical framework that can be used to analyze the impacts of agglomeration and examine how the improvements of the transport system affects agglomeration. The recent empirical literature on the impact of the transport system on agglomeration is reviewed and the challenges of this literature are discussed. The focus is especially on how the impact of changes in the transport system on agglomeration can be analyzed in a reliable way. The main threats to reliable analysis are double counting of benefits and poor research designs leading to too large estimates of the elasticity between accessibility and productivity. The report provides recommendations on how the transport appraisal frameworks should be developed to capture agglomeration effects, and highlights the need for Finnish research on this subject.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Finnisch
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    hdl: 10419/237392
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 102 (2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Vihreät toimet
    ilmastopolitiikan vaikutuksia työllisyyteen
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Pohjola, Johanna; Kaskinen, Tuuli; Kaitila, Ville; Karhinen, Santtu; Kauhanen, Antti; Lintunen, Jussi; Reinikainen, Tapio; Savolainen, Hannu; Sillanaukee, Otso; Suikkanen, Henrik
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Valtioneuvoston kanslia, Helsinki

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    ISBN: 9789523832336
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10024/163008
    Schriftenreihe: Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja ; 2021, 22
    Schlagworte: Klimaschutz; Beschäftigungseffekt; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Finnland; Employment; Climate change mitigation; Structural change; Economic growth; Innovations; Environmental science; Economics; General equilibrium model; Gravity model; Interview survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 202 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Trade flows, carbon leakage, and the EU emissions trading system
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Wang, Maria
    Erschienen: 2.8.2022
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    The EU's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has been shown to have reduced emissions in the participating countries and industries since its adoption in 2005. However, there is less evidence on the shifting of production outside EU to avoid emission... mehr

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    The EU's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has been shown to have reduced emissions in the participating countries and industries since its adoption in 2005. However, there is less evidence on the shifting of production outside EU to avoid emission controls. We study this so-called carbon leakage with gravity analysis of international trade flows and carbon intensities of trade. We provide a simple theoretical framework and study its implications empirically. Our findings with the new OECD data indicate that carbon leakage has in fact occurred due to the EU ETS, resulting in higher CO2 intensity of imports to the EU, and lower CO2 intensity of exports from the EU. The evidence on the value of imports also shows some increases from nonparticipating countries due to the ETS. We find that our results are broadly consistent with the theory.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273020
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 94
    Schlagworte: Carbon leakage; EU ETS; Gravity model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Mind the gap
    assessing the size and determinants of the life insurance gap
    Autor*in: Ropponen, Olli; Kuusi, Tero; Valkonen, Tarmo
    Erschienen: 30.9.2022
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    Preparing for the monetary loss associated with premature death of the breadwinner has become more relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, very little is known about how much of the financial vulnerabilities are covered by the life insurance... mehr

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    Preparing for the monetary loss associated with premature death of the breadwinner has become more relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, very little is known about how much of the financial vulnerabilities are covered by the life insurance holdings in different population groups. We employ unique individual-level life insurance data of the Finnish population to study the voluntary life insurances, the components of financial loss following from a death of a breadwinner, and the gap in death cover (life insurance gap) calculated as the difference of the two. We find that only about 10% of Finns have a voluntary life insurance, and that they are concentrated on married people, people of working age and with higher income. The largest insurance gaps are among young individuals, men, high income and highly educated people. We also find that the insurance behavior is poorly explained by the net losses following from a death.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273022
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 96
    Schlagworte: Life insurances; Life insurance gap; Households; Social security; Forgone income
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Henkivakuutusvaje suomessa suuruusluokan arviointia yksilöaineistoilla
    Autor*in: Ropponen, Olli; Kuusi, Tero; Valkonen, Tarmo
    Erschienen: 10.5.2022
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    This report employs individual-level register data to study the coverage and amounts of voluntary term life insurances, the monetary losses following from the death of a breadwinner, and the life insurance gap arising as the difference of the two.... mehr

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    This report employs individual-level register data to study the coverage and amounts of voluntary term life insurances, the monetary losses following from the death of a breadwinner, and the life insurance gap arising as the difference of the two. The data include information on the life insurances of Finnish individuals and their individual and household level information between 2018 and 2020. We find that 8 % of the individuals have at least one type of term life insurance in the data. For them the average life insurance is 73 000 €. The take up of life insurances differ between groups, and it is more frequent among working-age, married and higher income individuals. The life insurance gap calculations account for a number of changes in living standards following from a death of a breadwinner, including those in household income, consumption, existing wealth, survivors' pensions and life insurances. For those individuals who have earned income and who live in families consisting of at least two persons the average life insurance gap is between 65 000 € and 70 000 €. This is the amount of additional life insurance that would retain the consumption possibilities the same as before the breadwinner's death. For those who have a voluntary life insurance the gap is on average close to zero. Therefore, the life insurance gap arises mainly among those people not having a life insurance at all.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    hdl: 10419/270487
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 129
    Schlagworte: Life insurances; Life insurance gap; Households; Social security; Forgone income
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Tehokkuus ja työhyvinvointi
    tiedolla kohti tasapainoista työtä
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Kulvik, Martti; Härmä, Mikko; Ropponen, Annina
    Erschienen: 14.2.2023
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    This project investigated how register data on daily working hours and hospital patients can be used to measure the workload of healthcare personnel and to study its relationship with different work features. We used econometric analysis to measure... mehr

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    This project investigated how register data on daily working hours and hospital patients can be used to measure the workload of healthcare personnel and to study its relationship with different work features. We used econometric analysis to measure the average labor requirement of different patient mixes in hospital wards. The data was used to analyze the overall difficulty of working days and it was then compared to the available nursing workforce. Finally, we assessed the effects of variation in the workload on well-being at work. We found that the variation in workload was related to surprising changes in work and in the availability of employees. The risk of short sick leave increased over the next week due to the high workload. We also examined the interactions between workload and the working time features for work shift planning.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    hdl: 10419/274192
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 134
    Schlagworte: Health care; Workload; Efficiency; Working time features; Occupational health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Breakthrough innovations and productivity
    an international perspective
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Nevavuo, Jenni
    Erschienen: 31.03.2023
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    In this paper, we shed new light on the productivity impact of breakthrough patents, as well as their role in the variability of productivity across countries. We use text analysis and machine learning-based estimates of the number of breakthrough... mehr

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    In this paper, we shed new light on the productivity impact of breakthrough patents, as well as their role in the variability of productivity across countries. We use text analysis and machine learning-based estimates of the number of breakthrough patents and show that there was a significant drop in quantity in the early 2000s. According to our econometric analysis, the slowdown in innovation activity has a clear temporal connection with the later slowdown in productivity in the 2010s. Breakthrough patents increased productivity on a large scale until the beginning of the 2010s, in particular in industrial information and communications technology (ICT) industries. In sectors other than ICT, productivity growth was more differentiated so that productivity growth is observed in industries that invested significantly in R&D after the emergence of breakthrough patents. We also identify large differences across countries in the link between productivity and breakthrough patents.

     
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    hdl: 10419/274203
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 101
    Schlagworte: Productivity; Innovation; Breakthroughs; Patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Five countries, five models
    a comparison of fiscal frameworks and lessons for Finland
    Autor*in: Begg, Iain; Kuusi, Tero; Kylliäinen, Olavi
    Erschienen: 11.04.2023
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    In recent years, many countries have sought to transform their fiscal frameworks, with the aim of rendering their public finances more sustainable and preventing the emergence of fiscal problems. This report presents the findings of comparative... mehr

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    In recent years, many countries have sought to transform their fiscal frameworks, with the aim of rendering their public finances more sustainable and preventing the emergence of fiscal problems. This report presents the findings of comparative research into the fiscal frameworks of five countries (Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Sweden). All five countries have developed effective fiscal frameworks in the last two decades, and it is evident that they reflect both reactions to past episodes of fiscal laxity and the fostering of a broad consensus on the necessity of a more disciplined and robust framework. There are noteworthy differences of approach, with the implication that rather than there being an optimal framework, successful ones can take different forms. It is never easy to transplant what works in one national setting to another, but there are several insights from experience in the comparator countries which could help to enhance the Finnish fiscal framework.

     
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    hdl: 10419/274204
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 102
    Schlagworte: Fiscal policy; Fiscal rules; Expenditure ceilings
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten)
  15. Suurimpien yritysten rooli Suomen kansantaloudessa
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Ylhäinen, Ilkka; Pajarinen, Mika; Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 25.03.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    In this study, we have analysed the role of the largest companies in the Finnish economy. According to the results, the list of ten largest companies in terms of their domestic value added is diverse and includes companies operating in the... mehr

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    In this study, we have analysed the role of the largest companies in the Finnish economy. According to the results, the list of ten largest companies in terms of their domestic value added is diverse and includes companies operating in the manufacturing industry, the service industry, as well as the financial industry. In 2019, these top 10 companies together produced 5.7% of the Finnish gross domestic product (GDP). In terms of domestic employment, the significance of this group remains lower, accounting for 3.7% of the employment of the business sector. Although both the share of GDP and employment have declined, the role of these top 10 companies in the Finnish economy remains significant.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Finnisch
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    hdl: 10419/251077
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 109
    Schlagworte: Large; Largest; Companies; Firms; GDP; Gross domestic product; Concentration; Group; Granular
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. BITs with a bite?
    EU home investment effects of EU-China bilateral investment treaties
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki
    Erschienen: 30.08.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    In this paper, we study the impacts of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) between the EU countries and China on EU home investments. We consider BITs as "treatments" that provide further access to global value chains (GVCs). We identify the causal... mehr

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    In this paper, we study the impacts of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) between the EU countries and China on EU home investments. We consider BITs as "treatments" that provide further access to global value chains (GVCs). We identify the causal impacts of the BITs on the relationship between home investments and the deepening of GVCs, with identification arising from exogenous, pre-treaty variation in the exposure to the Chinese value chains. We show that strong pre-treaty exposure to the Chinese value chains has led to a further strengthening of the Chinese upstream linkages and a decreasing impact on domestic capital growth in the EU. it seems that the effects of the BITs are strongly felt in growing industries where there have been high capital growth rates, most pronouncedly in the manufacture of computer, electronic, and optical products, and pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, it is also felt in some industries that have had laggard capital growth rates, such as the textile industry. However, it appears that the effect has been heterogeneous, concentrating on countries with low productivity, as relative to the global industry averages. Among the exposed industries with a high pre-treaty fraction of Chinese production, the high-productivity ones tend to increase their relative labor-productivity growth and value-added growth more after the signing of a treaty. The negative link between non-Chinese investments and the pre-treaty exposure also characterizes BITs with China and non-EU countries, but not BITs without China as a partner country.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251083
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 115
    Schlagworte: Domestic investments; Foreign investments; Investment treaty; Overseas investments; Global value chain; Bilateral treaties
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Keep it simple, not stupid - Kuinka pelastaa EU:n finanssipoliittiset säännöt?
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Puonti, Päivi
    Erschienen: 12.10.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    In this paper, we describe key problems of the current EU's fiscal framework and offer constructive alternatives to reforming it. A comprehensive reassessment of the rules is necessary, as the development of the rules has reached an impasse for both... mehr

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    In this paper, we describe key problems of the current EU's fiscal framework and offer constructive alternatives to reforming it. A comprehensive reassessment of the rules is necessary, as the development of the rules has reached an impasse for both political and technical reasons. In our view, Europe needs fiscal rules to ensure sustainability of public finances. In order to reconcile the freedom and responsibility of member states' fiscal policies, a balance must be struck in which the rules are simple enough to actually be useful in fiscal policy guidance. This requires that compliance with them can be easily monitored and that the rules are effective enough to allow solidarity to be achieved rarely enough. Our conclusion is that the new rules should emphasize the long-term debt sustainability target more clearly, while at the same time making its monitoring more effective through better short-term indicators, in particular the expenditure benchmark. We provide a proposal for practical implementation option, which is largely consistent with the current rules. At the same time, the expenditure benchmark should be reformed in order to further its countercyclical impact on fiscal policy, and it should replace the structural balance as the operational indicator of fiscal policy stance. Responsibility for economic policy decisions and their consequences should be fully restored to the Member States and the role of national supervisors should be strengthened. Solidarity in times of crisis should be accompanied by strict conditionality that, in good times, the fiscal policy must be in line with the reformed EU framework.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Finnisch
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    hdl: 10419/251086
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 118
    Schlagworte: Fiscal policy; EU; Fiscal rules; Public debt; Fiscal stance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Kilpailu, ikääntyminen ja investointien vähäisyys
    Autor*in: Kangasharju, Aki; Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Koski, Heli; Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 1.11.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    This report discusses factors that have caused a decrease in tangible investments in machinery and equipment, and intangible assets in Finland. A decline in the R&D investments of the electronics industry practically entirely explains a decrease in... mehr

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    This report discusses factors that have caused a decrease in tangible investments in machinery and equipment, and intangible assets in Finland. A decline in the R&D investments of the electronics industry practically entirely explains a decrease in investments in Finland, which has prolonged the recovery from the collapse of productivity growth during the financial crisis. The corporate sector, which accounts for most investments, also contracted so much during the financial crisis relative to the rest of the economy that the aggregate productive investments remained lower than before. Companies' investments in relation to their value added did not decrease, however. The main reason for the collapse of the electrotechnical industry is the loss of the Symbian mobile phone operating system in global competition. Together with that, profitability collapsed, and no new R&D investment opportunities of a similar size were found. However, companies should not avoid competition, and instead, the competitive environment, in general, acts as an investment incentive for companies. Developments in the 2010s also highlight the importance of international competition and international trade agreements. The decline in the working-age population that began at the same time as zero growth does not explain the collapse in investments, but it has to do with their slow recovery.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251087
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 119
    Schlagworte: Investments; Competition; Competitiveness; Structural change; Population ageing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Suomen kasvu
    menetetty vuosikymmen ja lähivuosien mahdollisuudet
    Autor*in: Kaitila, Ville; Kauhanen, Antti; Kuusi, Tero; Lehmus, Markku; Maliranta, Mika; Vihriälä, Vesa
    Erschienen: 12.11.2018
    Verlag:  ETLA, Helsinki

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; no 87
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftswachstum; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Arbeitsangebot; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Finnland
    Umfang: 73 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  20. Shield the US from imports!
    GDP impacts on Finland and other European Union member states
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 4. October 2017
    Verlag:  The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, Helsinki

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA reports ; no 76
    Schlagworte: Zollpolitik; Protektionismus; Amerikanisch; Import; Chinesisch; Mexikanisch; Bruttoinlandsprodukt; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung; Finnland
    Umfang: 24 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  21. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on (new) life insurances
    Autor*in: Ropponen, Olli; Kuusi, Tero; Valkonen, Tarmo
    Erschienen: 19.09.2023
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    This paper studies the life insurance demand responses to Covid-19 pandemic. It employs the unique individual-level daily data on new term life insurances together with both geographical and timely variation in the severity of the pandemic in... mehr

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    This paper studies the life insurance demand responses to Covid-19 pandemic. It employs the unique individual-level daily data on new term life insurances together with both geographical and timely variation in the severity of the pandemic in Finland. These data are merged with the high-quality register data on the background characteristics of the customers and other Finnish population. First, we observe that the take-out of new life insurances increased by 20 % in the first half of 2020 among individuals of ages 21-60, compared to the corresponding time periods in years 2018 and 2019. The average sum insured increased at the same time by 16 %. Second, we find that the life insurance demand responds heavily to all Covid-measures, each of which may be considered as reflecting the change in the perceived death risk. We also find that the responses are larger to the country-level measures compared to the hospital district level measures. An increase in each country-level Covid-measure by 10 % implies on average an increase in the number of new life insurances by roughly 1 % (elasticity e=0.1). We also find that highly educated people and people with high life insurance deficit levels responded to Covid-pandemic more often than other people.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278709
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 107
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; Life insurances; Households
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The Finnish great depression of the 1990s
    Soviet trade or home-made?
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, [Helsinki]

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 32
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftskrise; Schock; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Finnland
    Umfang: 43 S., graph. Darst.
  23. Consolidation under the Europe's new fiscal rules
    analyzing the implied minimum fiscal effort
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, [Helsinki]

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 23
    Schlagworte: Haushaltskonsolidierung; Finanzpolitik; Regelbindung versus Diskretion; EU-Staaten; Finnland
    Umfang: 29 S., graph. Darst.
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  24. Miksi yritysten investoinnit ovat vähentyneet?
    = Why have business investments decreased?
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Kuusi, Tero; Maliranta, Mika
    Erschienen: 16.2.2017
    Verlag:  Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1817 (70)
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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportit ; 70
    Schlagworte: Investition; Strukturwandel; Fremdkapital; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Finnland
    Umfang: 67 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  25. The EU's fiscal targets and their economic impact in Finland
    Autor*in: Keränen, Henri; Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 26 January 2016
    Verlag:  The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, [Helsinki]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; no. 33
    Schlagworte: Haushaltskonsolidierung; Wirtschaftswachstum; Multiplikator; Regelbindung versus Diskretion; Finnland
    Umfang: 58 Seiten, Illustrationen
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