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  1. Keep it simple, not stupid - Kuinka pelastaa EU:n finanssipoliittiset säännöt?
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Puonti, Päivi
    Erschienen: 12.10.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    In this paper, we describe key problems of the current EU's fiscal framework and offer constructive alternatives to reforming it. A comprehensive reassessment of the rules is necessary, as the development of the rules has reached an impasse for both... mehr

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    In this paper, we describe key problems of the current EU's fiscal framework and offer constructive alternatives to reforming it. A comprehensive reassessment of the rules is necessary, as the development of the rules has reached an impasse for both political and technical reasons. In our view, Europe needs fiscal rules to ensure sustainability of public finances. In order to reconcile the freedom and responsibility of member states' fiscal policies, a balance must be struck in which the rules are simple enough to actually be useful in fiscal policy guidance. This requires that compliance with them can be easily monitored and that the rules are effective enough to allow solidarity to be achieved rarely enough. Our conclusion is that the new rules should emphasize the long-term debt sustainability target more clearly, while at the same time making its monitoring more effective through better short-term indicators, in particular the expenditure benchmark. We provide a proposal for practical implementation option, which is largely consistent with the current rules. At the same time, the expenditure benchmark should be reformed in order to further its countercyclical impact on fiscal policy, and it should replace the structural balance as the operational indicator of fiscal policy stance. Responsibility for economic policy decisions and their consequences should be fully restored to the Member States and the role of national supervisors should be strengthened. Solidarity in times of crisis should be accompanied by strict conditionality that, in good times, the fiscal policy must be in line with the reformed EU framework.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Finnisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251086
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 118
    Schlagworte: Fiscal policy; EU; Fiscal rules; Public debt; Fiscal stance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Kilpailu, ikääntyminen ja investointien vähäisyys
    Autor*in: Kangasharju, Aki; Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Koski, Heli; Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 1.11.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    This report discusses factors that have caused a decrease in tangible investments in machinery and equipment, and intangible assets in Finland. A decline in the R&D investments of the electronics industry practically entirely explains a decrease in... mehr

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    This report discusses factors that have caused a decrease in tangible investments in machinery and equipment, and intangible assets in Finland. A decline in the R&D investments of the electronics industry practically entirely explains a decrease in investments in Finland, which has prolonged the recovery from the collapse of productivity growth during the financial crisis. The corporate sector, which accounts for most investments, also contracted so much during the financial crisis relative to the rest of the economy that the aggregate productive investments remained lower than before. Companies' investments in relation to their value added did not decrease, however. The main reason for the collapse of the electrotechnical industry is the loss of the Symbian mobile phone operating system in global competition. Together with that, profitability collapsed, and no new R&D investment opportunities of a similar size were found. However, companies should not avoid competition, and instead, the competitive environment, in general, acts as an investment incentive for companies. Developments in the 2010s also highlight the importance of international competition and international trade agreements. The decline in the working-age population that began at the same time as zero growth does not explain the collapse in investments, but it has to do with their slow recovery.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251087
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 119
    Schlagworte: Investments; Competition; Competitiveness; Structural change; Population ageing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Vihreät toimet
    ilmastopolitiikan vaikutuksia työllisyyteen
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Pohjola, Johanna; Kaskinen, Tuuli; Kaitila, Ville; Karhinen, Santtu; Kauhanen, Antti; Lintunen, Jussi; Reinikainen, Tapio; Savolainen, Hannu; Sillanaukee, Otso; Suikkanen, Henrik
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Valtioneuvoston kanslia, Helsinki

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    Sprache: Finnisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789523832336
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10024/163008
    Schriftenreihe: Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja ; 2021, 22
    Schlagworte: Klimaschutz; Beschäftigungseffekt; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Finnland; Employment; Climate change mitigation; Structural change; Economic growth; Innovations; Environmental science; Economics; General equilibrium model; Gravity model; Interview survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 202 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Suurimpien yritysten rooli Suomen kansantaloudessa
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Ylhäinen, Ilkka; Pajarinen, Mika; Kuusi, Tero
    Erschienen: 25.03.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    In this study, we have analysed the role of the largest companies in the Finnish economy. According to the results, the list of ten largest companies in terms of their domestic value added is diverse and includes companies operating in the... mehr

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    In this study, we have analysed the role of the largest companies in the Finnish economy. According to the results, the list of ten largest companies in terms of their domestic value added is diverse and includes companies operating in the manufacturing industry, the service industry, as well as the financial industry. In 2019, these top 10 companies together produced 5.7% of the Finnish gross domestic product (GDP). In terms of domestic employment, the significance of this group remains lower, accounting for 3.7% of the employment of the business sector. Although both the share of GDP and employment have declined, the role of these top 10 companies in the Finnish economy remains significant.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Finnisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251077
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 109
    Schlagworte: Large; Largest; Companies; Firms; GDP; Gross domestic product; Concentration; Group; Granular
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Euroopan komission ehdottaman hiilirajamekanismin vaikutuksia Suomessa ja EU
    ssa
    Autor*in: Kaitila, Ville; Kuusela, Olli-Pekka; Kuusi, Tero; Pohjola, Johanna; Soimakallio, Sampo
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    We assess the potential impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) based on the European Commission’s proposal presented in 2021. The CBAM products are divided into four categories: cement, fertilizers, iron and steel products, and... mehr

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    We assess the potential impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) based on the European Commission’s proposal presented in 2021. The CBAM products are divided into four categories: cement, fertilizers, iron and steel products, and aluminium products. In terms of production and the value of foreign trade, iron and steel products are by far the largest category, followed by aluminum products. Based on econometric gravity modelling of trade, the impact on EU imports of products covered by the CBAM would be significant. In normal economic conditions, Finland’s extra-EU imports of the products would decrease by a total of around a quarter with the proposed CBAM specifications and current carbon pricing. Based on general equilibrium modelling, the effects of the CBAM would be very small for the Finnish aggregate economy. In Finland and other EU countries, the CBAM would benefit directly or indirectly sectors that manufacture products subject to the mechanism. Other industrial sectors, on the other hand, would suffer slightly from the CBAM. The report assesses implications of different ways to implement the CBAM.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/270486
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 128
    Schlagworte: Carbon leakage; Carbon border adjustment mechanism; Gravity model; Computable general equilibrium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Henkivakuutusvaje suomessa suuruusluokan arviointia yksilöaineistoilla
    Autor*in: Ropponen, Olli; Kuusi, Tero; Valkonen, Tarmo
    Erschienen: 10.5.2022
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    This report employs individual-level register data to study the coverage and amounts of voluntary term life insurances, the monetary losses following from the death of a breadwinner, and the life insurance gap arising as the difference of the two.... mehr

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    This report employs individual-level register data to study the coverage and amounts of voluntary term life insurances, the monetary losses following from the death of a breadwinner, and the life insurance gap arising as the difference of the two. The data include information on the life insurances of Finnish individuals and their individual and household level information between 2018 and 2020. We find that 8 % of the individuals have at least one type of term life insurance in the data. For them the average life insurance is 73 000 €. The take up of life insurances differ between groups, and it is more frequent among working-age, married and higher income individuals. The life insurance gap calculations account for a number of changes in living standards following from a death of a breadwinner, including those in household income, consumption, existing wealth, survivors' pensions and life insurances. For those individuals who have earned income and who live in families consisting of at least two persons the average life insurance gap is between 65 000 € and 70 000 €. This is the amount of additional life insurance that would retain the consumption possibilities the same as before the breadwinner's death. For those who have a voluntary life insurance the gap is on average close to zero. Therefore, the life insurance gap arises mainly among those people not having a life insurance at all.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/270487
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 129
    Schlagworte: Life insurances; Life insurance gap; Households; Social security; Forgone income
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Palveluvienti jasen julkinen tukeminen
    = Service exports and public funding
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Kuusi, Tero; Pajarinen, Mika; Wang, Maria
    Erschienen: 18.5.2020
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    The spatial concentration of production and population to urban areas is an important theme in societal discussion. The spatial concentration of economic activity is called agglomeration in urban economics. The economic impact of agglomeration is... mehr

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    The spatial concentration of production and population to urban areas is an important theme in societal discussion. The spatial concentration of economic activity is called agglomeration in urban economics. The economic impact of agglomeration is seen in the productivity of firms. Understanding agglomeration and its impacts is important from the point of view of transport, business and urbanization policies. This report lays out a theoretical framework that can be used to analyze the impacts of agglomeration and examine how the improvements of the transport system affects agglomeration. The recent empirical literature on the impact of the transport system on agglomeration is reviewed and the challenges of this literature are discussed. The focus is especially on how the impact of changes in the transport system on agglomeration can be analyzed in a reliable way. The main threats to reliable analysis are double counting of benefits and poor research designs leading to too large estimates of the elasticity between accessibility and productivity. The report provides recommendations on how the transport appraisal frameworks should be developed to capture agglomeration effects, and highlights the need for Finnish research on this subject.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237392
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 102 (2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Tehokkuus ja työhyvinvointi
    tiedolla kohti tasapainoista työtä
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Kulvik, Martti; Härmä, Mikko; Ropponen, Annina
    Erschienen: 14.2.2023
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    This project investigated how register data on daily working hours and hospital patients can be used to measure the workload of healthcare personnel and to study its relationship with different work features. We used econometric analysis to measure... mehr

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    This project investigated how register data on daily working hours and hospital patients can be used to measure the workload of healthcare personnel and to study its relationship with different work features. We used econometric analysis to measure the average labor requirement of different patient mixes in hospital wards. The data was used to analyze the overall difficulty of working days and it was then compared to the available nursing workforce. Finally, we assessed the effects of variation in the workload on well-being at work. We found that the variation in workload was related to surprising changes in work and in the availability of employees. The risk of short sick leave increased over the next week due to the high workload. We also examined the interactions between workload and the working time features for work shift planning.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/274192
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 134
    Schlagworte: Health care; Workload; Efficiency; Working time features; Occupational health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Suomen kasvu
    menetetty vuosikymmen ja lähivuosien mahdollisuudet
    Autor*in: Kaitila, Ville; Kauhanen, Antti; Kuusi, Tero; Lehmus, Markku; Maliranta, Mika; Vihriälä, Vesa
    Erschienen: 12.11.2018
    Verlag:  ETLA, Helsinki

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    W 1817 (87)
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; no 87
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftswachstum; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Arbeitsangebot; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Finnland
    Umfang: 73 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  10. Arvio t&k-verokannusteen vaikutuksista yritysten toimintaan Suomessa
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Pajarinen, Mika; Rouvinen, Petri; Valkonen, Tarmo
    Erschienen: 11.03.2016
    Verlag:  Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    Standort:
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    W 1817 (51)
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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportit ; 51
    Schlagworte: Forschungsfinanzierung; Steuervergünstigung; Wirkungsanalyse; Finnland
    Umfang: 55 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  11. Miksi yritysten investoinnit ovat vähentyneet?
    = Why have business investments decreased?
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Kuusi, Tero; Maliranta, Mika
    Erschienen: 16.2.2017
    Verlag:  Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1817 (70)
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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportit ; 70
    Schlagworte: Investition; Strukturwandel; Fremdkapital; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Finnland
    Umfang: 67 Seiten, Illustrationen
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