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  1. Subjective expectations and demand for contraception
    Erschienen: 16 Mar 2020
    Verlag:  The Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Nearly one-quarter of married, fertile-age women in Sub-Saharan Africa say that they want to avoid pregnancy but are not using contraceptives. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to study this puzzle in a developing country using... mehr

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    Nearly one-quarter of married, fertile-age women in Sub-Saharan Africa say that they want to avoid pregnancy but are not using contraceptives. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to study this puzzle in a developing country using detailed data on women’s subjective probabilistic beliefs about contraception and contraceptive attributes. Simulations based on a structural model suggest that costly interventions such as eliminating supply constraints would only have modest effects on contraceptive use. Alternatively, increasing partners' approval of methods, aligning partners' fertility preferences with women's, and correcting women's expectations about pregnancy risk absent contraception have the potential to increase use considerably. We provide additional empirical support for this last result through an experiment in which we find that simply (and effectively) informing women about underlying pregnancy risk increases stated intentions to use contraception substantially.

     

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    hdl: 10419/223283
    Schriftenreihe: IFS working paper ; W20, 7
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The Changing Relationship between Bodyweight and Longevity in High- and Low-Income Countries
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Standard measures of bodyweight (overweight and obese, for example) fail to reflect technological progress over time - and in particular, recent progress disproportionately promoting longevity at higher bodyweights (and differences in access to it).... mehr

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    Standard measures of bodyweight (overweight and obese, for example) fail to reflect technological progress over time - and in particular, recent progress disproportionately promoting longevity at higher bodyweights (and differences in access to it). This paper builds on the pioneering work of Hans Waaler (Waaler, 1984) and Robert Fogel (Fogel, 1994) to empirically estimate how technological progress, and differential access to it, have fundamentally transformed the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and longevity in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Importantly, we show that the combined effect of technological progress and access to it across countries is so profound that the share of national populations above mortality-minimizing bodyweight is not clearly greater in countries with higher overweight and obesity rates (as traditionally defined) - and in fact, relative to current standards, a larger share of low-income countries' populations can be unhealthily heavy

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28813
    Schlagworte: Gesundheit; Sterblichkeit; Technischer Fortschritt; Körpergewicht; Industrieländer; Entwicklungsländer
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  3. Risk perceptions and protective behaviors
    evidence from COVID-19 pandemic
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 21, 022 (April, 2021)
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Gesundheitsrisiko; Risikopräferenz; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Subjective expectations and demand for contraception
    Erschienen: 05 Aug 2021
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    One-quarter of married, fertile-age women in Sub-Saharan Africa report not wanting a pregnancy and yet do not use contraceptives. To study this issue, we collect detailed data on women’s subjective probabilistic beliefs and estimate a structural... mehr

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    One-quarter of married, fertile-age women in Sub-Saharan Africa report not wanting a pregnancy and yet do not use contraceptives. To study this issue, we collect detailed data on women’s subjective probabilistic beliefs and estimate a structural model of contraceptive choices. Our results indicate that costly interventions like eliminating supply constraints would only modestly increase contraceptive use. Alternatively, increasing partners’ approval of methods, aligning partners’ fertility preferences with women’s, and correcting women’s beliefs about pregnancy risk absent contraception have the potential to increase use considerably. Results from a within-subject experiment testing this last finding are highly consistent with the structural estimates.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 23
    Schlagworte: contraception; probabilistic beliefs; Mozambique
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Subjective expectations and demand for contraception
    Erschienen: 22 May 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This revision 22 May 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14526
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Subjective expectations and demand for contraception
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27271
    Schlagworte: Frauen; Verhütungsmittel; Familienplanung; Subsahara-Afrika
    Umfang: 64 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  7. Risk Perceptions and Protective Behaviors
    Evidence from COVID-19 Pandemic
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We analyze data from a survey we administered during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate the relationship between people's subjective risk beliefs and their protective behaviors. We report three main findings. First, on average, people substantially... mehr

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    We analyze data from a survey we administered during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate the relationship between people's subjective risk beliefs and their protective behaviors. We report three main findings. First, on average, people substantially overestimate the absolute level of risk associated with economic activity, but have correct signals about their relative risk. Second, people who believe that they face a higher risk of infection are more likely to report avoiding economic activities. Third, government mandates restricting economic behavior attenuate the relationship between subjective risk beliefs and protective behaviors

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28741
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Gesundheitsrisiko; Risikopräferenz; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  8. Subjective expectations and demand for contraception
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 551 (September 2020)
    Schlagworte: contraception; probabilistic beliefs; Mozambique
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Subjective expectations and demand for contraception
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [Department of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 724 (20)
    Schlagworte: contraception; probabilistic beliefs; Mozambique
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Different strokes for different folks
    experimental evidence on the effectiveness of input and output incentive contracts for health care providers
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  SIEPR, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 19, 006 (February, 2019)
    Schlagworte: Fachkräfte; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte; Leistungsanreiz; Vertragstheorie; Mütter; Geburt; Sterblichkeit; Indien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Technological progress and health convergence
    the case of penicillin in post-war Italy
    Erschienen: February 2019
    Verlag:  SIEPR, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 19, 007 (February, 2019)
    Schlagworte: Technischer Fortschritt; Gesundheit; Arzneimittel; Italien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Technological progress and health convergence
    the case of penicillin in post-war Italy
    Erschienen: February 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25541
    Schlagworte: Technischer Fortschritt; Gesundheit; Arzneimittel; Italien
    Umfang: 43 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  13. Public health efforts and the decline in urban mortality
    reply to Cutler and Miller
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    This is a rejoinder to a comment written by Cutler and Miller on our recent paper, "Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality" (IZA DP No. 11773), which reanalyzes data used by Cutler and Miller to investigate the determinants of the... mehr

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    This is a rejoinder to a comment written by Cutler and Miller on our recent paper, "Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality" (IZA DP No. 11773), which reanalyzes data used by Cutler and Miller to investigate the determinants of the urban mortality decline from 1900 to 1936. Two main results emerge from our reanalysis of their data: (1) correcting infant mortality counts reduces the estimated effect of filtration on infant mortality by two-thirds, from -43 log points to -13 log points; and (2) using a consistent method of the calculating the total mortality rate shrinks the estimated effect of filtration on total mortality by half, from -16 log points to -8 log points. In this rejoinder, we argue that the much-reduced estimate of the effect of water filtration on infant mortality is a dramatic and surprising departure from the consensus view in the literature. In addition, we show that the estimated effect of water filtration on total mortality is extremely fragile. Evidence of this fragility may also be found in recent work by Catillon, Cutler and Getzen (2018).

     

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    Beteiligt: Cutler, David M. (VerfasserIn des Bezugswerks); Miller, Grant (VerfasserIn des Bezugswerks)
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/193371
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12077
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitspolitik; Abwasseraufbereitung; Wasseraufbereitung; Wirkungsanalyse; Stadtbevölkerung; Kindersterblichkeit; Geschichte; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The limits (and human costs) of population policy
    fertility decline and sex selection in China under Mao
    Erschienen: October 2018
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25130
    Schlagworte: Fertilität; Familienpolitik; Familienplanung; China
    Umfang: 56 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  15. Different strokes for different folks
    experimental evidence on the effectiveness of input and output incentive contracts for health care providers with varying skills
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25499
    Schlagworte: Fachkräfte; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte; Leistungsanreiz; Vertragstheorie; Mütter; Geburt; Sterblichkeit; Indien
    Umfang: 58 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  16. Effectiveness of provider incentives for anaemia reduction in rural China
    a cluster randomised trial

    Objectives: To test the impact of provider performance pay for anaemia reduction in rural China. Design: A cluster randomised trial of information, subsidies, and incentives for school principals to reduce anaemia among their students. Enumerators... mehr

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    Objectives: To test the impact of provider performance pay for anaemia reduction in rural China. Design: A cluster randomised trial of information, subsidies, and incentives for school principals to reduce anaemia among their students. Enumerators and study participants were not informed of study arm assignment.Setting: 72 randomly selected rural primary schools across northwest China. Participants: 3553 fourth and fifth grade students aged 9-11 years. All fourth and fifth grade students in sample schools participated in the study. Interventions: Sample schools were randomly assigned to a control group, with no intervention, or one of three treatment arms: (a) an information arm, in which principals received information about anaemia; (b) a subsidy arm, in which principals received information and unconditional subsidies; and (c) an incentive arm, in which principals received information, subsidies, and financial incentives for reducing anaemia among students. Twenty seven schools were assigned to the control arm (1816 students at baseline, 1623 at end point), 15 were assigned to the information arm (659 students at baseline, 596 at end point), 15 to the subsidy arm (726 students at baseline, 667 at end point), and 15 to the incentive arm (743 students at baseline, 667 at end point). Main outcome measures: Student haemoglobin concentrations. Results: Mean student haemoglobin concentration rose by 1.5 g/L (95\% CI {\textendash}1.1 to 4.1) in information schools, 0.8 g/L ({\textendash}1.8 to 3.3) in subsidy schools, and 2.4 g/L (0 to 4.9) in incentive schools compared with the control group. This increase in haemoglobin corresponded to a reduction in prevalence of anaemia (Hb \<115 g/L) of 24\% in incentive schools. Interactions with pre-existing incentives for principals to achieve good academic performance led to substantially larger gains in the information and incentive arms: when combined with incentives for good academic performance, associated effects on student haemoglobin concentration were 9.8 g/L (4.1 to 15.5) larger in information schools and 8.6 g/L (2.1 to 15.1) larger in incentive schools. Conclusions: Financial incentives for health improvement were modestly effective. Understanding interactions with other motives and pre-existing incentives is critical. Trial registration number ISRCTN76158086.

     

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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's mortality crisis
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    Political and economic transition is often blamed for Russia's 40% surge in deaths between 1990 and 1994 (the "Russian Mortality Crisis"). Highlighting that increases in mortality occurred primarily among alcohol related causes and among working-age... mehr

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    Political and economic transition is often blamed for Russia's 40% surge in deaths between 1990 and 1994 (the "Russian Mortality Crisis"). Highlighting that increases in mortality occurred primarily among alcohol related causes and among working-age men (the heaviest drinkers), this paper investigates an alternative explanation: the demise of the 1985-1988 Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign. We use archival sources to build a new oblast-year data set spanning 1970-2000 and find that: (1) The campaign was associated with substantially fewer campaign year deaths, (2) Oblasts with larger reductions in alcohol consumption and mortality during the campaign experienced larger transition era increases, and (3) Other former Soviet states and Eastern European countries exhibit similar mortality patterns commensurate with their campaign exposure. The campaign's end explains a large share of the mortality crisis, suggesting that Russia's transition to capitalism and democracy was not as lethal as commonly suggested. -- mortality ; transition ; alcohol ; Russia

     

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    hdl: 10419/62393
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 6783
    Schlagworte: Alkoholpolitik; Systemtransformation; Wirkungsanalyse; Sterblichkeit; Russland
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 68 S., 700,80 KB), graph. Darst., Kt.
  18. The Gorbachev anti-alcohol campaign and Russia's mortality crisis

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 18589
    Schlagworte: Alkoholpolitik; Systemtransformation; Wirkungsanalyse; Sterblichkeit; Russland
    Umfang: 45, [25] S., graph. Darst., Kt.
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  19. Pay-for-performance incentives in low- and middle-income country health programs
    Erschienen: 2013

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 18932
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitspolitik; Leistungsentgelt; Gesundheitswesen; Entwicklungsländer; Schwellenländer
    Umfang: 37 S.
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  20. Gender differences in preferences, intra-household externalities, and low demand for improved cookstoves
    Erschienen: 2013

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 18964
    Schlagworte: Herd; Präferenztheorie; Geschlecht; Haushaltsökonomik; Frauen; Gesundheit; Theorie; Entwicklungsländer; Ländlicher Raum; Bangladesch
    Umfang: 41, [13] S., Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
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  21. The role of public health improvements in health advances
    the 20th century United States
    Erschienen: 2004
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 10511
    Schlagworte: Sterblichkeit; Gesundheitsrisiko; Gesundheitsversorgung; Gesundheitspolitik; Wasserversorgung; USA; Mortality; Drinking water; Public health
    Umfang: 27, [20] S, Ill., graph. Darst
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  22. High-powered incentives in developing country health insurance
    evidence from Colombia's régimen subsidiado

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 15456
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitswesen; Gesundheitspolitik; Krankenversicherung; Liquiditätsbeschränkung; Externer Effekt; Subvention; Entwicklungsländer; Kolumbien
    Umfang: 31, [25] S.
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  23. Cost-Sharing in Medical Care Can Increase Adult Mortality
    Evidence from Colombia
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    There is substantial evidence that cost-sharing in medical care constrains total health spending. However, there is relatively little (and unclear) evidence on its health effects, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    There is substantial evidence that cost-sharing in medical care constrains total health spending. However, there is relatively little (and unclear) evidence on its health effects, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper re-evaluates the link between outpatient cost-sharing and health, studying Colombia's entire formal sector workforce observed monthly between 2011 and 2018 with individual-level health care utilization records linked to payroll data and vital statistics. Because Colombia's national health system imposes discrete breaks in outpatient cost-sharing requirements across the earnings distribution, we estimate a dynamic regression discontinuity model, finding that greater outpatient cost-sharing initially reduces use of outpatient care (including consultations and drugs), resulting in fewer diagnoses of common chronic diseases - and over time, increases the prevalence and severity of chronic diseases as well as use of inpatient care. Ultimately, greater outpatient cost-sharing measurably increases mortality, raising 8-year mortality by 4 deaths per 10,000 individuals. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show a relationship between cost-sharing and adult mortality risk in a low- or middle-income country, a relationship important to incorporate into social welfare analyses of cost-sharing policies

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31908
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitswesen; Gesundheitskosten; Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung; Ambulante Behandlung; Wirkungsanalyse; Sterblichkeit; Kolumbien; General; Analysis of Health Care Markets; Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration; Latin America; Caribbean
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  24. Cost-sharing in medical care can increase adult mortality
    evidence from Colombia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    There is substantial evidence that cost-sharing in medical care constrains total health spending. However, there is relatively little (and unclear) evidence on its health effects, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper... mehr

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    There is substantial evidence that cost-sharing in medical care constrains total health spending. However, there is relatively little (and unclear) evidence on its health effects, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper re-evaluates the link between outpatient cost-sharing and health, studying Colombia’s entire formal sector workforce observed monthly between 2011 and 2018 with individual-level health care utilization records linked to payroll data and vital statistics. Because Colombia’s national health system imposes discrete breaks in outpatient cost-sharing requirements across the earnings distribution, we estimate a dynamic regression discontinuity model, finding that greater outpatient cost-sharing initially reduces use of outpatient care (including consultations and drugs), resulting in fewer diagnoses of common chronic diseases - and over time, increases the prevalence and severity of chronic diseases as well as use of inpatient care. Ultimately, greater outpatient cost-sharing measurably increases mortality, raising 8-year mortality by 4 deaths per 10,000 individuals. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show a relationship between cost-sharing and adult mortality risk in a low- or middle-income country, a relationship important to incorporate into social welfare analyses of cost-sharing policies.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/300363
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 23, 38
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 113 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Cost-sharing in medical care can increase adult mortality
    evidence from Colombia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 671 (December 2023)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 112 Seiten), Illustrationen