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  1. Teknologisen kehityksen vaikutus työllisyyteen
    Autor*in: Kauhanen, Antti
    Erschienen: 07.06.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    In order to understand the employment effects of technological progress, it is useful to separate three types of technologies: 1) automation technologies, 2) technologies that create new tasks, and 3) capital- or labor-augmenting technologies. These... mehr

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    DSP 284
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    In order to understand the employment effects of technological progress, it is useful to separate three types of technologies: 1) automation technologies, 2) technologies that create new tasks, and 3) capital- or labor-augmenting technologies. These different types of technological advances affect employment very differently and through different channels. Automation technologies may either decrease or increase employment, whereas the other types of technological progress unambiguously increase employment. Empirical estimates of the employment effects of automation are very different in different countries. The results from United States show negative employment effects, whereas German and French studies show the opposite. It is likely that the employment effects of automation technologies depend on the role of international trade, labor market institutions and political choices. However, there is still little research on these topics. There is even less research on how the direction of technological change (automation technologies vs. technologies creating new tasks) is determined and how it can be affected by policy.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Finnisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251082
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 114
    Schlagworte: Technological change; Employment; Robots; Artificial intelligence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten)
  2. Vihreät toimet
    ilmastopolitiikan vaikutuksia työllisyyteen
    Autor*in: Kuusi, Tero; Pohjola, Johanna; Kaskinen, Tuuli; Kaitila, Ville; Karhinen, Santtu; Kauhanen, Antti; Lintunen, Jussi; Reinikainen, Tapio; Savolainen, Hannu; Sillanaukee, Otso; Suikkanen, Henrik
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Valtioneuvoston kanslia, Helsinki

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Finnisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789523832336
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10024/163008
    Schriftenreihe: Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja ; 2021, 22
    Schlagworte: Klimaschutz; Beschäftigungseffekt; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Finnland; Employment; Climate change mitigation; Structural change; Economic growth; Innovations; Environmental science; Economics; General equilibrium model; Gravity model; Interview survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 202 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Neuvottelujärjestelmät
    tutkimustuloksia ja maiden välisiä vertailuja
    Autor*in: Kauhanen, Antti; Nevavuo, Jenni
    Erschienen: 12.04.2021
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    This report reviews economic literature on collective bargaining systems. The studies studying the association of collective bargaining systems and employment, productivity ja wages can not establish causality and the literature is quite thin. The... mehr

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    This report reviews economic literature on collective bargaining systems. The studies studying the association of collective bargaining systems and employment, productivity ja wages can not establish causality and the literature is quite thin. The existing results show that coordinated systems are associated with higher employment rate, centralized systems are associated with lower productivity growth and decentralized systems are associated with higher wages. Studies do not support the claim that decentralization of collective bargaining would lead to dumping of terms of employment. Studies on wage stickiness show that wages in Finland are sticky in international comparison and that adjustment to shocks happens more through employment than wages. The bargaining systems have decentralized in Europe during the last decades. Finland has maintained its system based on coordinated sector level agreements while comparison countries moved to a more decentralized but coordinated system in the 1990s. In European comparison, Finland has high levels of trust, low levels of tension between management and employees, good participation possibilities for employees and developed social dialogue in workplaces.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251078
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 110
    Schlagworte: Collective bargaining; Decentralization; Local bargaining; Coordination
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Työaika, työllisyys ja kilpailukyky
    = Working time, employment and competitiveness
    Autor*in: Kauhanen, Antti; Lehmus, Markku
    Erschienen: 12.8.2019
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    This report studies working time and competitiveness. The first part of the report compares working time in Finland to other European countries using working time data from Eurostat and provides a review of the economics literature on working time... mehr

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    This report studies working time and competitiveness. The first part of the report compares working time in Finland to other European countries using working time data from Eurostat and provides a review of the economics literature on working time and employment. The second part of the report studies the impact of the Competitiveness Pact on employment and Finnish competitiveness using Etla's macro model. This analysis separates the impact of working time extension and social security contributions and taxation on employment. The results of the working time comparison show that the average hours worked are little less than an hour shorter in Finland compared to the EU average. The low incidence of part-time work increases the average hours worked in Finland, while the working hours of both full-time and part-time employees are among the shortest in Europe. Annual holidays, public holidays and absences decrease working time in Finland more than in most other European countries. The literature review shows that the impact of working time changes on employment depend crucially on how they affect labor costs. The Competitiveness Pact increased employment and improved Finnish competitiveness. Working time extensions account for about 40% of the employment impact, while the rest is accounted for by the reductions in social security contributions and taxation.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237382
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 92 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Kasautumisvaikutusten arvioinnin menetelmät liikennejärjestelmän kehittämisen vaikutustarkastelussa
    = Methods to evaluate agglomeration effects in transport system appraisal frameworks
    Autor*in: Haapamäki, Taina; Kauhanen, Antti; Laakso, Seppo; Metsäranta, Heikki; Ojanperä, Marianna; Riukula, Krista; Väänänen, Touko
    Erschienen: 6.5.2020
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    The spatial concentration of production and population to urban areas is an important theme in societal discussion. The spatial concentration of economic activity is called agglomeration in urban economics. The economic impact of agglomeration is... mehr

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    The spatial concentration of production and population to urban areas is an important theme in societal discussion. The spatial concentration of economic activity is called agglomeration in urban economics. The economic impact of agglomeration is seen in the productivity of firms. Understanding agglomeration and its impacts is important from the point of view of transport, business and urbanization policies. This report lays out a theoretical framework that can be used to analyze the impacts of agglomeration and examine how the improvements of the transport system affects agglomeration. The recent empirical literature on the impact of the transport system on agglomeration is reviewed and the challenges of this literature are discussed. The focus is especially on how the impact of changes in the transport system on agglomeration can be analyzed in a reliable way. The main threats to reliable analysis are double counting of benefits and poor research designs leading to too large estimates of the elasticity between accessibility and productivity. The report provides recommendations on how the transport appraisal frameworks should be developed to capture agglomeration effects, and highlights the need for Finnish research on this subject.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237391
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 101 (2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Työllisten maahanmuuttajien määrä on kasvanut Suomessa
    Autor*in: Kangasharju, Aki; Kauhanen, Antti; Kalmbach, Aino; Valkonen, Tarmo
    Erschienen: 8.3.2023
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    The decline of working age population makes it difficult to find employees. In this report we analyze the evolution of immigrant employment in Finland and the fiscal impact of immigration as well as the effect on the labor market. We show that the... mehr

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    The decline of working age population makes it difficult to find employees. In this report we analyze the evolution of immigrant employment in Finland and the fiscal impact of immigration as well as the effect on the labor market. We show that the number of employed immigrants as well as immigrants' employment rate in Finland has increased. We review the economic impacts of immigration. We show that the fiscal impact of immigration depends heavily on the characteristics of immigrants and the time of immigration and therefore no general conclusions can be made on the economic impact. However, we show that full-time employees pay more taxes than receive direct income transfers and therefore their direct fiscal impact is positive. This is true also for employees employed at the lowest pay grades in the collective agreements.

     
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    Sprache: Finnisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/274194
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 136
    Schlagworte: Immigration; Employment; Public finance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Supistuvissa ammateissa toimineet
    aikuiskoulutukseen osallistuminen vähäistä = Workers in declining occupations : modest participation in adult education
    Autor*in: Asplund, Rita; Kauhanen, Antti; Vanhala, Pekka
    Erschienen: 17.10.2019
    Verlag:  ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

    Occupational restructuring means that worker skills need to be updated, broadened or totally renewed. This report focuses on persons whose employment prospects have been particularly challenged by occupational restructuring: persons who in the... mehr

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    Occupational restructuring means that worker skills need to be updated, broadened or totally renewed. This report focuses on persons whose employment prospects have been particularly challenged by occupational restructuring: persons who in the mid-1990s were employed in occupations characterized by declining employment throughout the period of study, i.e. up to the year 2009. The analysis focuses on their participation in various modes of adult education and their long-term labour market outcomes. Employees in declining occupations are found to have participated only moderately in adult education. The result is the same also when adult education is split into four main modes, and into shorter and longer time horizons. Younger cohorts and those with a higher education are strongly overrepresented among those participating in adult education programmes leading to a certificate. The labour market status of the older cohorts and the low-educated is typically much weaker, and labour market training their most common form of adult education. In view of these findings, it would be imperative to reliably evaluate the economic but, to the extent possible, also the social effects of adult education and its various modes.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237384
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 94 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Kasautumisen vaikutus tuottavuuteen
    työpaikkojen välisen aavutettavuuden vaikutus toimipaikkoihin ja työntekijöihin
    Autor*in: Haapamäki, Taina; Harjunen, Oskari; Kauhanen, Antti; Kuivalainen, Veeti; Riukula, Krista; Valmari, Nelli; Väänänen, Touko
    Erschienen: 23.1.2024
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    In economics, the regional densification of economic activity is referred to as agglomeration. The effects of agglomeration are often referred to when discussing the wider economic benefits of transportation infrastructure projects. The magnitude of... mehr

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    In economics, the regional densification of economic activity is referred to as agglomeration. The effects of agglomeration are often referred to when discussing the wider economic benefits of transportation infrastructure projects. The magnitude of these effects has not been extensively studied in Finland. In this report, we examine the impact of agglomeration on productivity in the Helsinki region, utilizing extensive registry data. We find that improved job to job accessibility increases employees' wages. However, our findings concerning the value-added at establishment level are less conclusive and statistically insignificant. Our results suggest that increased accessibility leads to increases in other operating expenses such as rents, potentially explaining the lack of statistically significant effect on value-added. Our results suggest that agglomeration benefits are predominantly intraregional, with interregional accessibility having little impact on these benefits. Thus, the ratio between the agglomeration benefits and the direct benefits of transportation infrastructure projects varies depending on the project. Including these benefits directly to cost-benefit analyses risks double counting some benefits. Taxes and similar payments on increased wages due to accessibility increases could be included as a separate item in the cost-benefit analysis.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; 144
    Schlagworte: Agglomeration; Productivity; Transport project; Cost-benefit analysis; Accessibility; Wider economic impacts
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Suomen kasvu
    menetetty vuosikymmen ja lähivuosien mahdollisuudet
    Autor*in: Kaitila, Ville; Kauhanen, Antti; Kuusi, Tero; Lehmus, Markku; Maliranta, Mika; Vihriälä, Vesa
    Erschienen: 12.11.2018
    Verlag:  ETLA, Helsinki

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportti ; no 87
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftswachstum; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Arbeitsangebot; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Finnland
    Umfang: 73 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  10. Työpankki välittäjänä ja työllistäjana
    työpankkien toiminnan vaikuttavuuden tarkennettu arviointi
    Autor*in: Asplund, Rita; Kauhanen, Antti; Vanhala, Pekka
    Erschienen: 17.11.2017
    Verlag:  ETLA, Helsinki

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportit ; no 75
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsvermittlung; Arbeitsmarktintegration; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Wirkungsanalyse; Finnland
    Umfang: 60 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  11. Tulevaisuuden työmarkkinat
    Autor*in: Kauhanen, Antti
    Erschienen: 2014

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA reports ; 30
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarkt; Strukturwandel; Bibliometrie; Finnland
    Umfang: 16 S.
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    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Future labour markets

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  12. Työn määrä
    Suomessa pitäisi tehdä enemmän työtä?
    Autor*in: Kauhanen, Antti; Vihriälä, Vesa
    Erschienen: 18.2.2016
    Verlag:  Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportit ; 50
    Schlagworte: Erwerbstätigkeit; Arbeitskosten; Öffentliche Finanzen; Nachhaltigkeit; Finnland
    Umfang: 29 Seiten, Illustrationen
  13. Työpankin kautta työllistyminen
    = Employment mediation via job banks
    Autor*in: Asplund, Rita; Kauhanen, Antti; Vanhala, Pekka
    Erschienen: 20.12.2016
    Verlag:  Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitos, Helsinki

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    Schriftenreihe: ETLA raportit ; 64
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarktintegration; Arbeitsvermittlung; Erwerbstätigkeit; Wirkungsanalyse; Finnland
    Umfang: 19 Seiten, Illustrationen
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