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  1. Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE) - zentrale Aktivitäten
    Autor*in: Eitel, Bernhard; Aeschbach, Werner; Aeschbach, Nicole; Meier, Thomas; Funke, Joachim; Goeschl, Timo; Harnisch, Sebastian; Mager, Ute; Siegmund, Alexander
    Erschienen: 27 Okt. 2016
    Verlag:  Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, Heidelberg

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
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    Standort:
    HeiBIB - Die Heidelberger Universitätsbibliographie
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Schlagworte: Umweltwissenschaften; Interdisziplinarität
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
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    Videoaufzeichnung (Dauer: 20:47 min)
  2. Inter-charity competition under spatial differentiation
    sorting, crowding, and spillovers
    Autor*in: Gallier, Carlo; Goeschl, Timo; Kesternich, Martin; Lohse, Johannes; Reif, Christiane; Römer, Daniel
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz-Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

    We study spatially differentiated competition between charities by partnering with two foodbanks in two neighboring cities to conduct a field experiment with roughly 350 donation appeals. We induce spatial differentiation by varying the observability... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    We study spatially differentiated competition between charities by partnering with two foodbanks in two neighboring cities to conduct a field experiment with roughly 350 donation appeals. We induce spatial differentiation by varying the observability of charities' location such that each donor faces a socially close 'home' and a distant 'away' charity. We find that spatially differentiated competition is characterized by sorting, crowding-in, and an absence of spillovers: Donors sort themselves by distance; fundraising (through matching) for one charity raises checkbook giving to that charity, irrespective of distance; but checkbook giving to the unmatched charity is not affected. For lead donors, this implies that the social distance between donors and charities is of limited strategic important. For spatially differentiated charities, matching 'home' donations maximizes overall charitable income. Across both charities, however, the additional funds raised fail to cover the cost of the match, despite harnessing social identity for giving.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204491
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 19, 039 (09/2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (46 Seiten), Diagramme
  3. How to design the ask?
    Funding units vs. giving money
    Autor*in: Diederich, Johannes; Epperson, Raphael; Goeschl, Timo
    Erschienen: January 18, 2021
    Verlag:  Heidelberg University, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    Charities frequently deviate from the standard donation scheme in which potential donors are asked how much money they are willing to give. Instead, they ask donors to choose how many units of a charitable good (e.g. meals, bed nets, or trees) to... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
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    HeiBIB - Die Heidelberger Universitätsbibliographie
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 532
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    Charities frequently deviate from the standard donation scheme in which potential donors are asked how much money they are willing to give. Instead, they ask donors to choose how many units of a charitable good (e.g. meals, bed nets, or trees) to fund at a given unit price. In an online donation experiment, we compare the performance of such a "unit donation" scheme with that of the standard "money donation" and investigate the factors that could explain differences. We find that despite the additional demands that it imposes on the charity, the unit donation does not outperform the money donation scheme in terms of overall donations. It significantly differs, however, with respect to the propensity to give. The sign of the difference depends on the granularity of the scheme. When one unit of the charitable good is cheap, unit donation schemes increase the propensity to give and can serve as an effective tool for recruiting donors.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235021
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: January 18, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: AWI discussion paper series ; no. 698 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: Charitable giving; unit donation; framing; aid effectiveness; restricted choice
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. People and biodiversity policies
    impacts, issues and strategies for policy action
    Autor*in: Bagnoli, Philip; Goeschl, Timo; Kovács, Eszter
    Erschienen: c 2008
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Druck
    ISBN: 9789264034310; 9264034315
    RVK Klassifikation: AR 13900 ; QC 160 ; QT 200
    Schlagworte: Artenvielfalt; OECD-Staaten; Biodiversity; Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Sustainable development
    Umfang: 249 S., graph. Darst., 23 cm
    Bemerkung(en):

    Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Aspects redistributifs des politiques pour la biodiversité

    Also available in French under title: Aspects redistributifs des politiques pour la biodiversité. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-243)
  5. Wie lässt sich die Energieeffizienz in einkommensschwachen Haushalten steigern?
    Autor*in: Chlond, Bettina; Goeschl, Timo; Kesternich, Martin
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, Mannheim

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    Schriftenreihe: ZEW policy brief ; 2022-01
    Schlagworte: Haushalt; Energieeffizienz; Mieter; Gemeindehaushalt; Energieeinsparung; Kühlschrank; Niedrigeinkommen
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)Energieeinsparung; (stw)Kühlschrank; (stw)Niedrigeinkommen; (stw)Deutschland; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
  6. Herausforderung Climate Engineering
    Bewertung neuer Optionen für den Klimaschutz
    Autor*in: Klepper, Gernot; Dovern, Jonas; Rickels, Wilfried; Barben, Daniel; Goeschl, Timo; Harnisch, Sebastian; Heyen, Daniel; Janich, Nina; Maas, Achim; Matzner, Nils; Scheffran, Jürgen; Uther, Stephanie
    Erschienen: Juni 2016
    Verlag:  Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Kiel

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 234 (8)
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/142241
    Schriftenreihe: Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik ; Nr. 8
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten)
  7. Giving is a question of time
    response times and contributions to a real world public good
    Autor*in: Lohse, Johannes; Goeschl, Timo; Diederich, Johannes
    Erschienen: June 11, 2014
    Verlag:  Univ., Dep. of Economics, Heidelberg ; Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Heidelberg

    Recent experimental research has examined whether contributions to public goods can be traced back to intuitive or deliberative decision-making, using response times in public good games in order to identify the specific decision process at work. In... mehr

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    Recent experimental research has examined whether contributions to public goods can be traced back to intuitive or deliberative decision-making, using response times in public good games in order to identify the specific decision process at work. In light of conflicting results, this paper reports on an analysis of response time data from an online experiment in which over 3400 subjects from the general population decided whether to contribute to a real world public good. The between-subjects evidence confirms a strong positive link between contributing and deliberation and between free-riding and intuition. The average response time of contributors is 40 percent higher than that of free-riders. A within-subject analysis reveals that for a given individual, contributing significantly increases and free-riding significantly decreases the amount of deliberation required.

     
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    hdl: 10419/127384
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 566
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. What do we learn from public good games about voluntary climate action?
    evidence from an artefactual field experiment
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Kettner, Sara Elisa; Lohse, Johannes; Schwieren, Christiane
    Erschienen: June 16, 2015
    Verlag:  Univ., Dep. of Economics, Heidelberg ; Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Heidelberg

    Evidence from public good game experiments holds the promise of instructive and cost-effective insights to inform environmental policy-making, for example on climate change mitigation. To fulfill the promise, such evidence needs to demonstrate... mehr

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    Evidence from public good game experiments holds the promise of instructive and cost-effective insights to inform environmental policy-making, for example on climate change mitigation. To fulfill the promise, such evidence needs to demonstrate generalizability to the specific policy context. This paper examines whether and under which conditions such evidence generalizes to voluntary mitigation decisions. We observe each participant in two different decision tasks: a real giving task in which contributions are used to directly reduce CO2 emissions and a public good game. Through two treatment variations, we explore two potential shifters of generalizability in a within-subjects design: the structural resemblance of contribution incentives between the tasks and the role of the subject pool, students and non-students. Our findings suggest that cooperation in public good games is linked to voluntary mitigation behavior, albeit not in a uniform way. For a standard set of parameters, behavior in both tasks is uncorrelated. Greater structural resemblance of the public goods game leads to sizable correlations, especially for student subjects.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/127412
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 595
    Schlagworte: Klimawandel; Klimapolitik; Selbstverpflichtung; Trittbrettfahrerverhalten; Öffentliche Güter; Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion; Experimentelle Ökonomik; Verhaltensökonomik
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Learning by negligence - torts, experimentation, and the value of information
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Pfrommer, Tobias
    Erschienen: July 31, 2015
    Verlag:  Univ., Dep. of Economics, Heidelberg ; Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Heidelberg

    How should tort law deal with agents that employ novel and imperfectly understood technologies that later turn out to involve harm? There is no agreement among different legal systems whether strict liability or negligence rules should govern these... mehr

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    How should tort law deal with agents that employ novel and imperfectly understood technologies that later turn out to involve harm? There is no agreement among different legal systems whether strict liability or negligence rules should govern these so-called 'development risks'. The law-and- economics literature, however, has predominantly favored strict liability. The present paper shows that the choice depends on the characterization of how society learns about technology risks. When experiential public data is an irreducible input into learning, theory justifies the use of specific negligence rules in order to govern development risks. We reconcile the existence of the negligence doctrine for development risks with the theoretical literature using a simple two-period unilateral care model. There, an optimally designed negligence rule can provide a better balancing of benefits, harm to third parties, costs of care effort, and the value of information from learning than strict liability. If feasible, the optimal negligence rule partitions the population of potential users into two groups. Only the high benefit group engages in the risky activity, subject to due care levels designed to deter the low benefit group.

     
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    hdl: 10419/127415
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 598
    Schlagworte: Technologie; Haftung; Technikfolgenabschätzung; Lernprozess; Informationswert
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  10. The climate policy hold-up
    green technologies, intellectual property rights, and the abatement incentives of international agreements
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Perino, Grischa
    Erschienen: April 16, 2015
    Verlag:  Univ., Dep. of Economics, Heidelberg ; Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Heidelberg

    The success of global climate policies over the coming decades depends on the diffusion of 'green' technologies. This requires that international environmental agreements (IEAs) and trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs) interact... mehr

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    The success of global climate policies over the coming decades depends on the diffusion of 'green' technologies. This requires that international environmental agreements (IEAs) and trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs) interact productively.Using a simple and tractable model, we highlight the strategic reduction in abatement commitments on account of a hold-up effect. In anticipation of rent extraction by the innovator signatories might abate less than non-signatories turning the IEA 'brown'. Self-enforcing IEAs have fewer signatories and diffusion can reduce global abatement under TRIPs. Countries hosting patent holders extract rents from TRIPs, but may be better off without them.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/127408
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 591
    Schlagworte: Umweltabkommen; Umwelttechnik; Innovationsdiffusion; Immaterialgüterrechte; Technologietransfer; Unvollständiger Vertrag
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Challenges and opportunities for integrated modeling of climate engineering
    Autor*in: Tavoni, Massimo; Bosetti, Valentina; Shayegh, Soheil; Drouet, Laurent; Emmerling, Johannes; Fuß, Sabine; Goeschl, Timo; Guivarch, Celine; Lontzek, Thomas; Manoussi, Vassiliki; Moreno Cruz, Juan; Muri, Helene; Quaas, Martin F.; Rickels, Wilfried
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milano

    The Paris Agreement has set stringent temperature targets to limit global warming to 2°C above preindustrial level, with efforts to stay well below 2°C. At the same time, its bottom-up approach with voluntary national contributions makes the... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    The Paris Agreement has set stringent temperature targets to limit global warming to 2°C above preindustrial level, with efforts to stay well below 2°C. At the same time, its bottom-up approach with voluntary national contributions makes the implementation of these ambitious targets particularly challenging. Climate engineering - both through carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM) - is currently discussed to potentially complement mitigation and adaptation. Results from integrated assessment models already suggest a significant role for some forms of climate engineering in achieving stringent climate objectives1. However, these estimates and their underlying assumptions are uncertain and currently heavily debated2-4. By reviewing the existing literature and reporting the views of experts, we identify research gaps and priorities for improving the integrated assessment of climate engineering. Results point to differentiated roles of CDR and SRM as complementary strategies to the traditional ones, as well as diverse challenges for an adequate representation in integrated assessment models. We identify potential synergies for model development which can help better represent mitigation and adaptation challenges, as well as climate engineering.

     
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    hdl: 10419/177232
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2017, 38
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Cooperation in public good games. Calculated or confused?
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Lohse, Johannes
    Erschienen: November 24, 2016
    Verlag:  University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    Recent experiments suggest that contribution decisions in a public goods game (PGG) are more likely to be cooperative if based on intuition rather than reflection. This paper (i) reinvestigates the behavioral impact of so-called cognitive style in... mehr

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    Recent experiments suggest that contribution decisions in a public goods game (PGG) are more likely to be cooperative if based on intuition rather than reflection. This paper (i) reinvestigates the behavioral impact of so-called cognitive style in the PGG; and (ii) connects it with an earlier literature on the role of cognitive failure (confusion). This is motivated by the possibility that the method of time pressure, commonly used to identify cognitive style, invites confusion as a confounding factor. Two channels for such confounds are identified and experimentally tested: A heterogeneous treatment effect of time pressure depending on subject's confusion status and a direct impact of time pressure on subjects' likelihood of being confused. Our reinvestigation on the behavioral impact of time pressure confirms that cognitive style matters, but that deliberation rather than intuition drives cooperation. The confounding effect of confusion is not found to be direct, but to operate through a heterogeneous treatment effect. Time pressure selectively reduces average contributions among those subjects whose contributions can confidently be interpreted as cooperative rather than confused.

     
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    hdl: 10419/162969
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 626
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. On biology and technology
    the economics of managing biotechnologies
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Swanson, Timothy M.
    Erschienen: April 2003
    Verlag:  Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, [Milano]

    This paper considers those sectors of the economy that operate under the same regimes of rewarding private innovators as others, but differ in that they face recurring problems of resistance, as occur in the pharmaceutical and agricultural... mehr

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    This paper considers those sectors of the economy that operate under the same regimes of rewarding private innovators as others, but differ in that they face recurring problems of resistance, as occur in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. This recurrence originates in the natural processes of selection and evolution among humanity's biological competitors. The paper examines the capacity for decentralised patent-based incentive mechanisms to result in socially optimal outcomes in these sectors under scale- and speed-dependent evolution of pathogens. It demonstrates that there is a fundamental incompatibility between the dynamics of the patent system and the dynamics of the resistance problem under both types of evolution. Under scale-dependent evolution, the externalities within a patent-based system indicate that decentralised mechanisms will result in systematic underinvestment in R&D that decreases further with an increasing severity of the resistance problem. Under speed-dependent evolution, a patent-based system will fail to target socially optimal innovation size. The overall conclusion is that patent-based incentive mechanisms are incapable of sustaining society against a background of increasing resistance problems. The paper concludes with appropriate policy implications of these results.

     
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    hdl: 10419/118081
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2003, 42
    Schlagworte: Biotechnologie-Industrie; Patent; Industrieforschung; Allokation; Industrieforschung; Innovation; Theorie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Biodiversity conservation on private lands
    information problems and regulatory choices
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Lin, Tun
    Erschienen: March 2004
    Verlag:  Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, [Milano]

    This survey paper examines various information insufficiencies in biodiversity conservation and their impact of regulatory choices. We surveyed the literature in the field and identified four major types of informational insufficiencies in making... mehr

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    This survey paper examines various information insufficiencies in biodiversity conservation and their impact of regulatory choices. We surveyed the literature in the field and identified four major types of informational insufficiencies in making efficient biodiversity conservation decisions: 1) biological uncertainty 2) natural uncertainty 3) individual information, and 4) monitoring problem. The consequences of these four types of information insufficiencies on the choice of regulatory tools are explored. We discuss in this context three types of regulatory tools: land takings, environmental fees/charges, and contracts. The efficiency of each type of regulatory tools is shown dependent on the specific informational constraints that the regulatory faces.

     
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    hdl: 10419/117936
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2004, 55
    Schlagworte: Artenvielfalt; Regulierung; Information
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  15. Property rights conservation and development
    an analysis of extractive reserves in the Brazilian Amazon
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Igliori, Danilo Camargo
    Erschienen: March 2004
    Verlag:  Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, [Milano]

    The economic literature of property rights has been assessing the impact of different community based arrangements on the efficiency of natural resource management of specific areas. Differently, other strands of development economics and... mehr

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    The economic literature of property rights has been assessing the impact of different community based arrangements on the efficiency of natural resource management of specific areas. Differently, other strands of development economics and policy-oriented research have been concerned with issues such as poverty alleviation, technological progress and the capability to compete in market economies, which go beyond the local areas where traditional communities live and include the wider economy. The extractive reserves in the Brazilian Amazon offer perhaps one of the most interesting cases for investigating the connections between these two approaches in the context of tropical forests. It is based on the idea that the combination of public property with collective use in particular forest areas can generate competitive and, at the same time, sustainable exploitation of its natural resources. This paper aims to analyse whether the existing property rights support the joint objective of conservation and development. Our main result is that current property rights systems are efficient only with respect to competition in markets for existing extractive products. This finding points out to a fundamental contradiction between the static structure of the property rights systems and the dynamic nature of two most promising development paths, namely the discovery of new products and the supply of biological inputs for plantations. The current model of extractive reserves based on the design of internal property rights fails to taken into account the broader economic context where the reserves must generate a viable revenue stream. We conclude therefore that under the current set of institutions, the development objectives inherent in the extractive reserves model are likely to face probably considerable challenges to be accomplished in the future.

     
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    hdl: 10419/117939
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2004, 60
    Schlagworte: Sachenrecht; Artenvielfalt; Rohstoff; Amazonasgebiet; Brasilien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Lost horizons
    the noncooperative management of an evolutionary biological system
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Swanson, Timothy M.
    Erschienen: October 2002
    Verlag:  Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milano

    This paper studies the interaction between two dynamic domains, (1) an evolutionary biological system ('the environment') whose behaviour determines the availability of a resource stock, and (2) an industry where access to the resource stock is... mehr

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    This paper studies the interaction between two dynamic domains, (1) an evolutionary biological system ('the environment') whose behaviour determines the availability of a resource stock, and (2) an industry where access to the resource stock is determined by the outcome of a patent race. The specific setting of the model is that of managing microbial resistance to antibiotics. Here, resistance develops in response to the use of antibiotics above a threshold level. We show that the optimal policy from society's point of view is to generate through R&D a diversified portfolio of antibiotics that maintains a steady-state of resistance. In practice, however, the management of the resistance stock is left to an industry operating under a system of intellectual property rights (IPR). There, firms are involved in a sequence of patent races to supply the antibiotic with the best cost-effectiveness ratio. The paper studies the structure of the patent race within the industry against the background of pathogen evolution. We show that a multi-firm industry operating under an IPR-based incentive mechanism is unlikely to generate the socially optimal number of antibiotics because IPR systems (1) create incentives for sequential rather than simultaneous innovation; (2) generate incentives that decline with the number of previous (shelved) discoveries; and (3) generate incentives that respond perversely to increases in biological system velocity. These results highlight the importance of well-designed dynamic incentives for managing resource stock dynamics.

     
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    hdl: 10419/119688
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2002, 89
    Schlagworte: Bioökonomik; Arzneimittel; Immaterialgüterrechte; Theorie; Pharmakologie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  17. Leveling up?
    an inter-neighborhood experiment on parochialism and the efficiency of multi-level public goods provision
    Autor*in: Gallier, Carlo; Goeschl, Timo; Kesternich, Martin; Lohse, Johannes; Reif, Christiane; Römer, Daniel
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  ZEW, Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim

    Many public goods can be provided at different spatial levels. Evidence from social identity theory and in-group favoritism raises the possibility that where higher-level provision is more efficient, subjects' narrow concern for local outcomes... mehr

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    Many public goods can be provided at different spatial levels. Evidence from social identity theory and in-group favoritism raises the possibility that where higher-level provision is more efficient, subjects' narrow concern for local outcomes (parochialism) could harm efficiency. Building on the experimental paradigm of multi-level public good games and the 'neighborhood attachment' concept, we conduct an artefactual field experiment with 600 participants in a setting conducive to parochial behavior. In an inter-neighborhood intra-region design, subjects allocate an endowment between a personal account, a local, and a regional public good account. The between-subjects design varies across two dimensions: One informs subjects that the smaller local group consists of members from their own neighborhood ('neighbors'). The other varies the relative productivity at the two public goods provision levels. We find evidence for parochialism, but contrary to our hypothesis, parochialism does not interfere with efficiency: The average subject responds to a change in relative productivities at the local and regional level in the same way, whether aware of their neighbors' presence in the small group or not. The results even hold for subjects with above-median neighborhood attachment and subjects primed on neighborhood attachment.

     
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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: February 22, 2017
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW, Centre for European Economic Research ; no. 17, 012
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Risk assessment under ambiguity
    precautionary learning vs. research pessimism
    Autor*in: Heyen, Daniel; Goeschl, Timo; Wiesenfarth, Boris Roland
    Erschienen: November 2, 2015
    Verlag:  University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    Agencies charged with regulating complex risks such as food safety or novel substances frequently need to take decisions on risk assessment and risk management under conditions of ambiguity, i.e. where probabilities cannot be assigned to possible... mehr

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    Agencies charged with regulating complex risks such as food safety or novel substances frequently need to take decisions on risk assessment and risk management under conditions of ambiguity, i.e. where probabilities cannot be assigned to possible outcomes of regulatory actions. What mandates should society write for such agencies? Two approaches stand out in the current discussion. One charges the agency to apply welfare economics based on expected utility theory. This approach underpins conventional cost-benet analysis (CBA). The other requires that an ambiguity-averse decision-rule - of which maxmin expected utility (MEU) is the best known - be applied in order to build a margin of safety in accordance with the Precautionary Principle (PP). The contribution of the present paper is a relative assessment of how a CBA and a PP mandate impact on the regulatory task of risk assessment. In our parsimonious model, a decision maker can decide on the precision of a signal which provides noisy information on a payoff-relevant parameter. We find a complex interplay of MEU on information acquisition shaped by two countervailing forces that we dub 'Precautionary Learning' and 'Research Pessimism'. We find that - contrary to intuition - a mandate of PP rather than CBA will often give rise to a less informed regulator. PP can therefore lead to a higher likelihood of regulatory mistakes, such as the approval of harmful new substances.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 605
    Schlagworte: Aufsichtsbehörde; Umweltverträglichkeit; Risiko; Entscheidung unter Unsicherheit; Lernprozess
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Precision requirements in pesticide risk assessments
    contrasting value-of-information recommendations with the regulatory practice in the EU
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Heyen, Daniel
    Erschienen: January 31, 2016
    Verlag:  University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    Pestizide ermöglichen der Landwirtschaft gesteigerte Erträge, sie bergen jedoch auch Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt. Um diese Risiken zu begrenzen, müssen sie in einem Risikobewertungsverfahren ihre Sicherheit nachweisen, bevor... mehr

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    Pestizide ermöglichen der Landwirtschaft gesteigerte Erträge, sie bergen jedoch auch Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt. Um diese Risiken zu begrenzen, müssen sie in einem Risikobewertungsverfahren ihre Sicherheit nachweisen, bevor sie zugelassen werden können. Die Verfasser stellen den ökonomoschen Ansatz des Value-of-Information (VoI) vor und analysieren die aktuelle Regulierungspraxis der Pestizid-Zulassungsverfahren in der EU, insbesondere die Risikobewerung durch die European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Zitierte Vorschriften u.a.: Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1107/2009 [Das Inverkehrbringen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf den EU-Markt]; Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1141/2010; Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1272/2008

     
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    hdl: 10419/127424
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 607
    Schlagworte: Pestizid; Gesundheitsrisiko; Entscheidung unter Risiko; Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion
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  20. Public in-kind relief and private self-insurance
    Autor*in: Goeschl, Timo; Managi, Shunsuke
    Erschienen: June 2017
    Verlag:  University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    In the wake of several high-profile natural disasters, crowding effects between public relief and private investments in disaster preparedness have recently attracted renewed attention. We examine how non-hypothetical self-insurance behavior by... mehr

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    In the wake of several high-profile natural disasters, crowding effects between public relief and private investments in disaster preparedness have recently attracted renewed attention. We examine how non-hypothetical self-insurance behavior by households responds to variations in public investments in relief capabilities based on a large disaster preparedness survey (n = 19,071) conducted in Japan in 2012. The preparedness measure used is emergency drinking water storage, defining a setting in which (i) government provides in-kind, rather than cash, relief and (ii) the crowding effect observed is more apt to be total, rather than partial. In contrast to much of the literature studying crowding effects of cash relief, there is little evidence for crowding out in emergency drinking water, with an upper bound of 2 percent at the intensive margin.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 633
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten)
  21. Does mitigation begin at home?
    Autor*in: Diederich, Johannes; Goeschl, Timo
    Erschienen: May 31, 2017
    Verlag:  University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    In a climate system that is indifferent about where mitigation is carried out, the logic of comparative advantages favors abatement locations in developing and rapidly industrializing countries. There is evidence, however, that citizens of... mehr

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    In a climate system that is indifferent about where mitigation is carried out, the logic of comparative advantages favors abatement locations in developing and rapidly industrializing countries. There is evidence, however, that citizens of industrialized countries who voluntarily fund climate mitigation activities are not indifferent about the mitigation location. In our artifactual online experiment, subjects located in a European Union member state took a dichotomous choice between a cash prize and the verified mitigation of one metric ton of CO2. The treatment condition varied the location of the mitigation activity between the European Union and developing countries. We test whether the location impacts on the probability that the mitigation activity is chosen, harnessing between- and within-subject Variation in our panel data. Our evidence shows that subjects responded to the location being made salient, but, contrary to previous concerns, were indifferent between mitigation sites in the EU or developing countries.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 634
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  22. More money or better procedures?
    evidence from an energy efficiency assistance program
    Autor*in: Chlond, Bettina; Goeschl, Timo; Kesternich, Martin
    Erschienen: 10 Jun. 2022
    Verlag:  Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, Heidelberg

    We contribute to the literature on how program design affects program performance among vulnerable groups by studying the effects of varying the subsidy level and program procedures in an energy efficiency assistance program targeting low-income... mehr

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    We contribute to the literature on how program design affects program performance among vulnerable groups by studying the effects of varying the subsidy level and program procedures in an energy efficiency assistance program targeting low-income households in Germany. Eligible households receive, upon enrolment, a voucher to subsidize refrigerator replacement. The voucher is redeemed against cash following replacement. Observing the decisions of 77,305 eligible households, our RDD design exploits two quasi-exogenous temporal discontinuities in voucher value and program procedures. We find that a switch from automatic to elective enrolment and more rigid voucher terms reduces the number of vouchers in circulation, but raises the replacement rate among eligible households, the key performance metric, by 4 to 10 percentage points, consistent with psychological theories of goal setting and time management. A subsidy increase of €50 raises replacement rates by 9 to 16 percentage points. The effect of procedural changes is equivalent to an additional €34 in subsidy. Back-of-the-envelope calculations highlight that low-cost changes in procedures that target the behavioral responses of low-income households represent plausible areas of unexploited economies in program design and merit systematic investigation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278151
    Schriftenreihe: AWI discussion paper series ; no. 716 (May 2022)
    Schlagworte: Energieeffizienz; Public behavioral economics; energy efficiency; low-income households; durablereplacement; energy poverty; technology adoption
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. More money or better procedures?
    evidence from an energy efficiency assistance program
    Autor*in: Chlond, Bettina; Goeschl, Timo; Kesternich, Martin
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg

    We contribute to the literature on how program design affects program performance among vulnerable groups by studying the effects of varying the subsidy level and program procedures in an energy efficiency assistance program targeting low-income... mehr

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    We contribute to the literature on how program design affects program performance among vulnerable groups by studying the effects of varying the subsidy level and program procedures in an energy efficiency assistance program targeting low-income households in Germany. Eligible households receive, upon enrolment, a voucher to subsidize refrigerator replacement. The voucher is redeemed against cash following replacement. Observing the decisions of 77,305 eligible households, our RDD design exploits two quasi-exogenous temporal discontinuities in voucher value and program procedures. We find that a switch from automatic to elective enrolment and more rigid voucher terms reduces the number of vouchers in circulation, but raises the replacement rate among eligible households, the key performance metric, by 4 to 10 percentage points, consistent with psychological theories of goal setting and time management. A subsidy increase of e50 raises replacement rates by 9 to 16 percentage points. The effect of procedural changes is equivalent to an additional e34 in subsidy. Back-of-the-envelope calculations highlight that low-cost changes in procedures that target the behavioral responses of low-income households represent plausible areas of unexploited economies in program design and merit systematic investigation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266023
    Schriftenreihe: Joint discussion paper series in economics ; no. 2022, 25
    Schlagworte: Public behavioral economics; energy efficiency; low-income households; durable replacement; energy poverty; technology adoption
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. How to design the ask?
    funding units vs. giving money
    Autor*in: Diederich, Johannes; Epperson, Raphael; Goeschl, Timo
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Unit donations are an alternative fundraising scheme in which potential donors choose how many units of a charitable good to fund, rather than just giving money. Based on evidence from an online experiment with 8,673 participants, we demonstrate that... mehr

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    Unit donations are an alternative fundraising scheme in which potential donors choose how many units of a charitable good to fund, rather than just giving money. Based on evidence from an online experiment with 8,673 participants, we demonstrate that well-designed unit donation schemes can significantly boost giving above and beyond the standard money donation scheme. A decomposition of the underlying mechanisms shows patterns consistent with the conjecture that unit donations increase impact salience and leverage donors' cognitive biases by changing the metric of the donation space. The potential increase in donations likely outweighs the complications of designing a unit scheme, but requires expert handling of the choice of unit sizes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273691
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: December 9, 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics and statistics ; 2022, 18
    Schlagworte: Aid effectiveness; charitable giving; framing; restricted choice; unit donation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Self-nudging is more ethical, but less efficient than social nudging
    Autor*in: Diederich, Johannes; Goeschl, Timo; Waichman, Israel
    Erschienen: 05 Mai 2023
    Verlag:  Heidelberg University, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    Manipulating choice architectures to achieve social ends ('social nudges') raises problems of ethicality. Giving individuals control over their default choice ('selfnudges') is a possible remedy, but the trade-offs with efficiency are poorly... mehr

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    Manipulating choice architectures to achieve social ends ('social nudges') raises problems of ethicality. Giving individuals control over their default choice ('selfnudges') is a possible remedy, but the trade-offs with efficiency are poorly understood. We examine under four different information structures how subjects set own defaults in social dilemmas and whether outcomes differ between the self-nudge and two exogenous defaults, a social (full cooperation) and a selfish (perfect free-riding) nudge. Subjects recruited from the general population (n = 1,080) play a ten-round, ten-day voluntary contribution mechanism online, with defaults triggered by the absence of an active contribution on the day. We find that individuals' own choice of defaults structurally differs from full cooperation, empirically affirming the ethicality problem of social nudges. Allowing for self-nudges instead of social nudges reduces efficiency at the group level, however. When individual control over nudges is non-negotiable, self-nudges need to be made public to minimize the ethicality-efficiency trade-off.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278454
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: April 25, 2023
    Schriftenreihe: AWI discussion paper series ; no. 726 (April 2023)
    Schlagworte: Choice architecture; defaults; public goods; self-nudge; online experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (30, xiv Seiten), Illustrationen