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  1. The effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and mental health treatment
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Diris, Ron; Montizaan, Raymond; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects of... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and the receipt of treatment from a mental health facility. Leveraging variation from lottery outcomes that determine admission into medical schools, we find that becoming a physician increases the use of antidepressants, opioids, anxiolytics, and sedatives, especially for female physicians. Among female applicants towards the bottom of the GPA distribution, becoming a physician increases the likelihood of receiving treatment from a mental health facility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250551
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14890
    Schlagworte: prescription drug use; opioids; mental health treatment; physicians
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The federal effort to desegregate southern hospitals and the black-white infant mortality gap
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In 1966, Southern hospitals were barred from participating in Medicare unless they discontinued their long-standing practice of racial segregation. Using data from five Deep South states and exploiting county-level variation in Medicare certification... mehr

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    DS 4
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    In 1966, Southern hospitals were barred from participating in Medicare unless they discontinued their long-standing practice of racial segregation. Using data from five Deep South states and exploiting county-level variation in Medicare certification dates, we find that gaining access to an ostensibly integrated hospital had no effect on the Black-White infant mortality gap, although it may have discouraged small numbers of Black mothers from giving birth at home attended by a midwife. These results are consistent with descriptions of the federal hospital desegregation campaign as producing only cosmetic changes and illustrate the limits of anti-discrimination policies imposed upon reluctant actors.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232672
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13920
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The federal effort to desegregate Southern hospitals and the black-white infant mortality gap
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27970
    Schlagworte: Kindersterblichkeit; Geburt; Krankenhaus; Ethnische Diskriminierung; Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung; USA (Südstaaten)
    Umfang: 80 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  4. Have U.S. Gun Buyback Programs Misfired?
    Autor*in: Ferrazares, Toshio; Sabia, Joseph J.; Anderson, D. Mark
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Gun buyback programs (GBPs), which use public funds to purchase civilians' privately-owned firearms, aim to reduce gun violence. However, little is known about their effects on firearm-related crime or deaths. Using data from the National Incident... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Gun buyback programs (GBPs), which use public funds to purchase civilians' privately-owned firearms, aim to reduce gun violence. However, little is known about their effects on firearm-related crime or deaths. Using data from the National Incident Based Reporting System, we find no evidence that GBPs reduce gun crime. Given our estimated null findings, with 95 percent confidence, we can rule out decreases in firearm-related crime of greater than 1.3 percent during the year following a buyback. Using data from the National Vital Statistics System, we also find no evidence that GBPs reduce suicides or homicides where a firearm was involved

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28763
    Schlagworte: Waffe; Waffenhandel; Waffenrecht; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  5. The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 14 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 14 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies that have appeared in economics journals as well as leading public policy, public health, and medical journals. Among the outcomes considered are: youth marijuana use, alcohol consumption, the abuse of prescription opioids, traffic fatalities, and crime. For some of these outcomes, there is a near consensus in the literature regarding the effects of medical marijuana laws (MMLs). As an example, leveraging geographic and temporal variation in MMLs, researchers have produced little credible evidence to suggest that legalization promotes marijuana use among teenagers. Likewise, there is convincing evidence that young adults consume less alcohol when medical marijuana is legalized. For other public health outcomes such as mortality involving prescription opioids, the effect of legalizing medical marijuana has proven more difficult to gauge and, as a consequence, we are less comfortable drawing firm conclusions. Finally, it is not yet clear how legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes will affect these and other important public health outcomes. We will be able to draw stronger conclusions when more post-treatment data are collected in states that have recently legalized recreational marijuana

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28647
    Schlagworte: Cannabis; Drogenpolitik; Drogenkonsum; Droge; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  6. Marriage equality laws and youth suicidal behaviors
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Matsuzawa, Kyutaro; Sabia, Joseph J.
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26364
    Schlagworte: Ehe; Homosexualität; Jugendliche; Suizid; USA
    Umfang: 55 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  7. The Effects of Becoming a Physician on Prescription Drug Use and Mental Health Treatment
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Diris, Ron; Montizaan, Raymond; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and the receipt of treatment from a mental health facility. Leveraging variation from lottery outcomes that determine admission into medical schools, we find that becoming a physician increases the use of antidepressants, opioids, anxiolytics, and sedatives, especially for female physicians. Among female applicants towards the bottom of the GPA distribution, becoming a physician increases the likelihood of receiving treatment from a mental health facility

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29536
    Schlagworte: Ärzte; Psychische Krankheit; Medizinische Behandlung; Arzneimittel; Niederlande
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  8. Estimating the Effects of Milk Inspections on Infant and Child Mortality, 1880-1910
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, Michael; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    keine Fernleihe

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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked with collecting and analyzing milk samples with the goal of preventing adulteration and skimming. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we explore the effects of milk inspections on infant mortality and mortality among children under the age of 5. Event-study estimates are small and statistically insignificant, providing little evidence of post-treatment reductions in either infant or child mortality

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29620
    Schlagworte: Kindersterblichkeit; Milch; Kinder; Lebensmittelsicherheit; Ereignisstudie; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  9. Estimating the effects of milk inspections on infant and child mortality, 1880-1910
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, Michael; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked with collecting and analyzing milk samples with the goal of preventing adulteration and skimming. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we explore the effects of milk inspections on infant mortality and mortality among children under the age of 5. Event-study estimates are small and statistically insignificant, providing little evidence of post-treatment reductions in either infant or child mortality.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250636
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14975
    Schlagworte: mortality transition; milk inspections; infant mortality; child mortality; public health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Safeguarding Consumers Through Minimum Quality Standards
    Milk Inspections and Urban Mortality, 1880-1910
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, Michael; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes,... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes, caramel, and salt were added. To protect consumers, milk inspectors were tasked with enforcing a well-defined MQS. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we find that milk inspections reduced mortality from waterborne and foodborne diseases by 8-19 percent. Ours is the first study to provide evidence that MQSs can improve consumer health when directly applied to an experience or credence good

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30063
    Schlagworte: Produktqualität; Produktsicherheit; Milch; Wirkungsanalyse; Sterblichkeit; Stadt; USA; State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions; Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health; Public Policy; Economics of Regulation; U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  11. Water purification efforts and the black-white infant mortality gap, 1906-1938
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.; Wang, Tianyi
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    According to Troesken (2004), efforts to purify municipal water supplies at the turn of the 20th century dramatically improved the relative health of blacks. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support the Troesken hypothesis. Using... mehr

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    According to Troesken (2004), efforts to purify municipal water supplies at the turn of the 20th century dramatically improved the relative health of blacks. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support the Troesken hypothesis. Using city-level data published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the period 1906-1938, we explore the relationship between water purification efforts and the black-white infant mortality gap. Our results suggest that, while water filtration was effective across the board, adding chlorine to the water supply reduced mortality only among black infants. Specifically, chlorination is associated with an 11 percent reduction in black infant mortality and a 13 percent reduction in the black-white infant mortality gap. We also find that chlorination led to a substantial reduction in the black-white diarrhea mortality gap among children under the age of 2, although this estimate is measured with less precision.

     
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    hdl: 10419/215179
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12783
    Schlagworte: Wasseraufbereitung; Wirkungsanalyse; Kindersterblichkeit; Weiße; Schwarze Menschen; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Cigarette taxes and teen marijuana use
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Matsuzawa, Kyutaro; Sabia, Joseph J.
    Erschienen: February 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26780
    Schlagworte: Tabaksteuer; Steuerwirkung; Drogenkonsum; Jugendliche; USA
    Umfang: 52 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  13. Cigarette taxes and teen marijuana use
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Matsuzawa, Kyutaro; Sabia, Joseph J.
    Erschienen: February 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The spillover effect of cigarette taxes on youth marijuana use has been the subject of intense public debate. Opponents of cigarette taxes warn that tax hikes will cause youths to substitute toward marijuana. On the other hand, public health experts... mehr

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    The spillover effect of cigarette taxes on youth marijuana use has been the subject of intense public debate. Opponents of cigarette taxes warn that tax hikes will cause youths to substitute toward marijuana. On the other hand, public health experts often claim that because tobacco is a "gateway" drug, higher cigarette taxes will deter youth marijuana use. Using data from the National and State Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) for the period 1991-2017, we explore the relationship between state excise taxes on cigarettes and teen marijuana use. In general, our results fail to support either of the above hypotheses. Rather, we find little evidence to suggest that teen marijuana use is sensitive to changes in the state cigarette tax. This null result holds for the sample period where cigarette taxes are observed to have the largest effect on teen cigarette use and across a number of demographic groups in the data. Finally, we find preliminary evidence that the recent adoption of state e-cigarette taxes is associated with a reduction in youth marijuana use.

     
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    hdl: 10419/215376
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12980
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Water purification efforts and the black-white infant mortality gap, 1906-1938
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.; Wang, Tianyi
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26489
    Schlagworte: Wasseraufbereitung; Wirkungsanalyse; Kindersterblichkeit; Weiße; Schwarze Menschen; USA
    Umfang: 27 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  15. The public health effects of legalizing marijuana
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 14 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies... mehr

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    Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 14 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies that have appeared in economics journals as well as leading public policy, public health, and medical journals. Among the outcomes considered are: youth marijuana use, alcohol consumption, the abuse of prescription opioids, traffic fatalities, and crime. For some of these outcomes, there is a near consensus in the literature regarding the effects of medical marijuana laws (MMLs). As an example, leveraging geographic and temporal variation in MMLs, researchers have produced little credible evidence to suggest that legalization promotes marijuana use among teenagers. Likewise, there is convincing evidence that young adults consume less alcohol when medical marijuana is legalized. For other public health outcomes such as mortality involving prescription opioids, the effect of legalizing medical marijuana has proven more difficult to gauge and, as a consequence, we are less comfortable drawing firm conclusions. Finally, it is not yet clear how legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes will affect these and other important public health outcomes. We will be able to draw stronger conclusions when more post-treatment data are collected in states that have recently legalized recreational marijuana.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236323
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14292
    Schlagworte: marijuana legalization; public health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten)
  16. Safeguarding consumers through minimum quality standards
    milk inspections and urban mortality, 1880-1910
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, Michael; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes, caramel,... mehr

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    We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes, caramel, and salt were added. To protect consumers, milk inspectors were tasked with enforcing a well-defined MQS. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we find that milk inspections reduced mortality from waterborne and foodborne diseases by 8-19 percent. Ours is the first study to provide evidence that MQSs can improve consumer health when directly applied to an experience or credence good.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263511
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15295
    Schlagworte: milk inspections; infant mortality; waterborne mortality; urban mortality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Mandatory Seatbelt Laws and Traffic Fatalities
    A Reassessment
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Liang, Yang; Sabia, Joseph J.
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for the period 1983-1997, Cohen and Einav (Review of Economics and Statistics 2003; 85(4): 828-843) found that mandatory seatbelt laws were associated with a 4 to 6 percent reduction in traffic... mehr

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    Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for the period 1983-1997, Cohen and Einav (Review of Economics and Statistics 2003; 85(4): 828-843) found that mandatory seatbelt laws were associated with a 4 to 6 percent reduction in traffic fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. After successfully replicating their two-way fixed effects estimates, we (1) add 22 years of data (1998-2019) to capture additional seatbelt policy variation and observe a longer post-treatment period, (2) employ the interaction-weighted estimator proposed by Sun and Abraham (2021) to address potential bias due to heterogeneous and dynamic treatment effects, and (3) estimate event-study models to investigate pre-treatment trends and explore lagged post-treatment effects. Consistent with Cohen and Einav (2003), our updated estimates show that primary seatbelt laws are associated with a 5 to 9 percent reduction in fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. Estimated effects of secondary seatbelt laws are smaller in magnitude and sensitive to model choice

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30851
    Schlagworte: Verkehrsrecht; Verkehrssicherheit; Verkehrsunfall; Kraftfahrzeug; USA; Health Behavior; Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law; Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  18. Mandatory seatbelt laws and traffic fatalities
    a reassessment
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Liang, Yang; Sabia, Joseph J.
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for the period 1983-1997, Cohen and Einav (Review of Economics and Statistics 2003; 85(4): 828-843) found that mandatory seatbelt laws were associated with a 4 to 6 percent reduction in traffic... mehr

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    Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for the period 1983-1997, Cohen and Einav (Review of Economics and Statistics 2003; 85(4): 828-843) found that mandatory seatbelt laws were associated with a 4 to 6 percent reduction in traffic fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. After successfully replicating their two-way fixed effects estimates, we (1) add 22 years of data (1998-2019) to capture additional seatbelt policy variation and observe a longer post-treatment period, (2) employ the interaction-weighted estimator proposed by Sun and Abraham (2021) to address potential bias due to heterogeneous and dynamic treatment effects, and (3) estimate event-study models to investigate pre-treatment trends and explore lagged post-treatment effects. Consistent with Cohen and Einav (2003), our updated estimates show that primary seatbelt laws are associated with a 5 to 9 percent reduction in fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. Estimated effects of secondary seatbelt laws are smaller in magnitude and sensitive to model choice.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272470
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15843
    Schlagworte: mandatory seatbelt laws; traffic fatalities; traffic safety
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The phenomenon of summer diarrhea and its waning, 1910-1930
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Rees, Daniel I.; Wang, Tianyi
    Erschienen: March 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25689
    Schlagworte: Krankheit; Kindersterblichkeit; Gesundheitswesen; USA
    Umfang: 73 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  20. The phenomenon of summer diarrhea and its waning, 1910-1930
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Rees, Daniel I.; Wang, Tianyi
    Erschienen: March 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    During the first two decades of the 20th century, diarrheal deaths among American infants and children surged every summer. Although we still do not know what pathogen (or pathogens) caused this phenomenon, the consensus view is that it was... mehr

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    During the first two decades of the 20th century, diarrheal deaths among American infants and children surged every summer. Although we still do not know what pathogen (or pathogens) caused this phenomenon, the consensus view is that it was eventually controlled through public health efforts at the municipal level. Using data from 26 major American cities for the period 1910-1930, we document the phenomenon of summer diarrhea and explore its dissipation. We find that water filtration is associated with a 15-17 percent reduction in diarrheal mortality among children under the age of two during the non-summer months, but does not seem to have had an effect on diarrheal mortality during the summer. In general, we find little evidence to suggest that public health interventions undertaken at the municipal level contributed to the dissipation of summer diarrhea. Our results are relevant for many parts of the developing world today, where climate change is expected to affect the length and intensity of seasons as well as the incidence of diarrheal diseases.

     
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    hdl: 10419/196730
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12232
    Schlagworte: Krankheit; Kindersterblichkeit; Gesundheitswesen; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Marriage equality laws and youth mental health
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Matsuzawa, Kyutaro; Sabia, Joseph J.
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Since the landmark ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health in 2004, the legalization of same-sex marriage (SSM) has proliferated throughout the United States via either legislative action or court order. Advocates of SSM laws argue that... mehr

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    Since the landmark ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health in 2004, the legalization of same-sex marriage (SSM) has proliferated throughout the United States via either legislative action or court order. Advocates of SSM laws argue that marriage equality will generate important health benefits not only for adult same-sex couples, but also for LGBQ-identifying youths. Using data from the State Youth Risk Behavior Surveys for the period 1999-2017, we explore the relationship between marriage equality and suicidal behaviors among LGBQ-identifying youths. We find little evidence that SSM laws have reduced suicide attempts among teen sexual minorities, nor have they decreased the likelihood of suicide planning, suicide ideation, or depression. Instead, we find some evidence that SSM legalization via judicial mandate is associated with worse mental health for these individuals.

     
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    hdl: 10419/215215
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12819
    Schlagworte: Ehe; Homosexualität; Jugendliche; Suizid; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Civil rights protests and election outcomes
    exploring the effects of the Poor People's Campaign
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Rees, Daniel I.; Steffens, Camila
    Erschienen: December 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The Poor People's Campaign (PPC) of 1968 was focused on highlighting, and ultimately reducing, poverty in the United States. As part of the campaign, protestors from across the country were transported to Washington, D.C. in 6 separate bus caravans,... mehr

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    The Poor People's Campaign (PPC) of 1968 was focused on highlighting, and ultimately reducing, poverty in the United States. As part of the campaign, protestors from across the country were transported to Washington, D.C. in 6 separate bus caravans, each of which made stops en route to rest, recruit, and hold non-violent protests. Using data from 1960-1970, we estimate the effects of these protests on congressional election outcomes. In the South, we find that PPC protests led to reductions in Democratic vote share and turnout, while in the West they may have benefited Democratic candidates at the expense of their Republican rivals.

     
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    hdl: 10419/282794
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16667
    Schlagworte: Poor People's Campaign; election outcomes; voting behavior; protests; race
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Civil Rights Protests and Election Outcomes
    Exploring the Effects of the Poor People's Campaign
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Rees, Daniel I.; Steffens, Camila
    Erschienen: December 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The Poor People's Campaign (PPC) of 1968 was focused on highlighting, and ultimately reducing, poverty in the United States. As part of the campaign, protestors from across the country were transported to Washington, D.C. in 6 separate bus caravans,... mehr

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    The Poor People's Campaign (PPC) of 1968 was focused on highlighting, and ultimately reducing, poverty in the United States. As part of the campaign, protestors from across the country were transported to Washington, D.C. in 6 separate bus caravans, each of which made stops en route to rest, recruit, and hold non-violent protests. Using data from 1960-1970, we estimate the effects of these protests on congressional election outcomes. In the South, we find that PPC protests led to reductions in Democratic vote share and turnout, while in the West they may have benefited Democratic candidates at the expense of their Republican rivals

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31973
    Schlagworte: Soziale Bewegung; Armut; Wahlverhalten; Wahl; Geschichte; USA; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior; General; Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination; U.S.; Canada: 1913-
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  24. Public health efforts and the decline in urban mortality
    reply to Cutler and Miller
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    This is a rejoinder to a comment written by Cutler and Miller on our recent paper, "Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality" (IZA DP No. 11773), which reanalyzes data used by Cutler and Miller to investigate the determinants of the... mehr

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    This is a rejoinder to a comment written by Cutler and Miller on our recent paper, "Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality" (IZA DP No. 11773), which reanalyzes data used by Cutler and Miller to investigate the determinants of the urban mortality decline from 1900 to 1936. Two main results emerge from our reanalysis of their data: (1) correcting infant mortality counts reduces the estimated effect of filtration on infant mortality by two-thirds, from -43 log points to -13 log points; and (2) using a consistent method of the calculating the total mortality rate shrinks the estimated effect of filtration on total mortality by half, from -16 log points to -8 log points. In this rejoinder, we argue that the much-reduced estimate of the effect of water filtration on infant mortality is a dramatic and surprising departure from the consensus view in the literature. In addition, we show that the estimated effect of water filtration on total mortality is extremely fragile. Evidence of this fragility may also be found in recent work by Catillon, Cutler and Getzen (2018).

     
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    Beteiligt: Cutler, David M. (VerfasserIn des Bezugswerks); Miller, Grant (VerfasserIn des Bezugswerks)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/193371
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12077
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitspolitik; Abwasseraufbereitung; Wasseraufbereitung; Wirkungsanalyse; Stadtbevölkerung; Kindersterblichkeit; Geschichte; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Child access prevention laws and juvenile firearm-related homicides
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Sabia, Joseph J.; Tekin, Erdal
    Erschienen: October 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    Debate over safe-storage gun regulations has captured public attention in the aftermath of several high-profile shootings committed by minors. Whether these laws actually decrease youth gun violence, however, is an unanswered question. Using data... mehr

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    Debate over safe-storage gun regulations has captured public attention in the aftermath of several high-profile shootings committed by minors. Whether these laws actually decrease youth gun violence, however, is an unanswered question. Using data from the FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports for the period 1985-2013, this study is the first to estimate the relationship between child access prevention (CAP) laws and firearm-related homicides committed by juveniles. Our results suggest that CAP laws are associated with a 19 percent reduction in juvenile firearm-related homicides. The estimated effect is stronger among whites than blacks and is driven by states enforcing the strictest safe-storage standard. We find no evidence that CAP laws are associated with firearm-related homicides committed by adults or with non-firearm-related homicides committed by juveniles, suggesting that the observed relationship between CAP laws and juvenile firearm-related homicides is causal.

     
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    hdl: 10419/193192
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11898
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen