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  1. Current unemployment variance decomposition and consequences of using proxies
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Foguel, Miguel Nathan; Moreira, Ajax
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    We offer a decomposition for the variance of the current unemployment rate that not only measures the contributions of labor market flows but also of the approximation error embedded in other decompositions that use surrogates for the current rate.... mehr

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    We offer a decomposition for the variance of the current unemployment rate that not only measures the contributions of labor market flows but also of the approximation error embedded in other decompositions that use surrogates for the current rate. Using data for the United States and Brazil, the results for the latter show significant differences in the flows' contributions and non-negligible distortions of approximation errors when the variance of the current (instead of the proxy) rate is decomposed; for the U.S., no substantial changes are detected.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/247234
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 260 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: unemployment; labor market flows; decomposition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Avaliação de impacto do Programa de Geração de Emprego e Renda (PROGER)
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Foguel, Miguel Nathan; Russo, Felipe Mendonça
    Erschienen: agosto de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    This article presents the results of an impact assessment of the Employment and Income Generation Program (Proger) - a loan program to small e medium sized firms conducted by the Brazilian government - on formal employment, payroll and unjustified... mehr

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    This article presents the results of an impact assessment of the Employment and Income Generation Program (Proger) - a loan program to small e medium sized firms conducted by the Brazilian government - on formal employment, payroll and unjustified dismissals. Two sources of data were used in the assessment: BG-Proger, which provides information on the program's loan contracts, and Rais, which contains information on the set of formal companies and their employees in the country. The assessment focused on companies that took credit from the program only once. The methodology employed used a recent expansion of the difference-in-differences method in the sense that it makes it possible to estimate heterogeneous impacts of the intervention for different groups entering the program (treatment groups) and over the time, both in the calendar dimension and in the time elapsed after the intervention. The application of the methodology was based on a balanced panel of "cells" formed by the interaction of the dimensions: Federation Units, industry and year of entry into the program. In general, the results show positive and statistically significant impacts on employment, payroll and unjustified dismissals for most treatment groups. The effects on employment and payroll show an inverted U pattern (incomplete at the end) for the calendar time dimension and more monotonic pattern for the relative time to entering the program; the effects on unfair dismissals are more stable in the first temporal dimension and more erratic in the second. The article also contains a partial analysis of the benefits and the implicit subsidies of the programs evaluated.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243036
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2683
    Schlagworte: public policy; micro and small enterprises; impact evaluation; financing; employment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Os incentivos adversos e a focalização dos programas de proteção ao trabalhador no Brasil
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Foguel, Miguel Nathan
    Erschienen: abril de 2001
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    In this paper we evaluate the social programs that deals with worker protection. First we try to show which kind of incentives are induced by these programs. Then we check if the targeting correspond to the poor workers. The programs considered are:... mehr

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    In this paper we evaluate the social programs that deals with worker protection. First we try to show which kind of incentives are induced by these programs. Then we check if the targeting correspond to the poor workers. The programs considered are: abono salarial, seguro-desemprego (unemployment insurance) and Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS). We also discuss issues related to multa pela demissão sem justa causa (charge for firing), aviso prévio (notification for separation in advance) and período de experiência (trainee period).

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 784
    Schlagworte: Arbeitnehmerschutz; Brasilien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Salário mínimo e pobreza no Brasil
    estimativas que consideram efeitos de equilíbrio geral
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Cury, Samir
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2001
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The available estimations about the effect of minimum wage on poverty relies on partial equilibrium analysis. We estimate these effects in Brazil through a general equilibrium framework, dealing with lots of indirect effects of minimum wage. Using a... mehr

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    The available estimations about the effect of minimum wage on poverty relies on partial equilibrium analysis. We estimate these effects in Brazil through a general equilibrium framework, dealing with lots of indirect effects of minimum wage. Using a computable general equilibrium model we simulate the poverty level in Brazil if only minimum wage have changed. Our results shows that an increase on minimum wage increases, although slightly, the poverty level, when the social security benefits are not adjusted. However the poverty level tend to decrease when these benefits are adjusted.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 779
    Schlagworte: Mindestlohn; Armut; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Brasilien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Rent-sharing e desigualdade salarial intrafirma
    Autor*in: Assis, Carolina; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva
    Erschienen: dezembro de 2019
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    This study investigates the effects of changes in firms' performance on wages across occupations from the extractive and transformation sectors of the Brazilian economy, from 2007 to 2013. We rely on a matching panel data of occupations and... mehr

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    This study investigates the effects of changes in firms' performance on wages across occupations from the extractive and transformation sectors of the Brazilian economy, from 2007 to 2013. We rely on a matching panel data of occupations and industries using data from a Brazilian Administrative File (RAIS) and a Survey of Manufacturing Firms (PIA-Empresa). The estimation strategy we propose involves the control of the unobserved heterogeneities of the occupation-firm cell. One advantage of our identification strategy is to not depend on the hypothesis that workers move between companies for exogenous reasons. The results point to the existence of a positive and significant relationship between firm performance and wages, as well as the existence of greater appropriation of performance improvements by management positions. The estimated coefficients, however, suggest elasticities lower than those reported for developed countries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/240729
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2534
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Desonerações do imposto sobre produtos industrializados e seus impactos sobre o mercado de trabalho
    Autor*in: Geracy, Igor Vinícius de Souza; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Silveira, Fernando Gaiger
    Erschienen: outubro de 2019
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Brazil federal tax policy changed course since 2007, when it was heavily activated to stimulate economic activity in a broad sense including job creation. A key policy instrument in this period was a tax on manufacturing products known as IPI... mehr

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    Brazil federal tax policy changed course since 2007, when it was heavily activated to stimulate economic activity in a broad sense including job creation. A key policy instrument in this period was a tax on manufacturing products known as IPI (Imposto sobre produtos industrializados), whose tax rates decrease for a long list of products. Our main objective in this paper is to evaluate the impact of IPI reductions from 2007 to 2012 on labor market related outcomes, such as employment, hiring, separations and wages. We got null estimates for the impact in all labor market related variables for the whole period. Once we consider two subperiods, there appears impacts of reductions in IPI driving reductions in separations only for the 2010-2012 period. All these results are robust to alternative methodological procedures.

     
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    hdl: 10419/211464
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2515
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Os impactos do aumento da licença-maternidade sobre os padrões de oferta de trabalho feminina ao nível das empresas
    Autor*in: Meireles, Débora; Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique
    Erschienen: dezembro de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This article analyzes the effects of voluntary changes in maternity leave - through the Programa Empresa Cidadã (PEC) - from 120 days to 180 days on hiring and wages of female workers in companies that adhered to the program. For this purpose, we... mehr

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    This article analyzes the effects of voluntary changes in maternity leave - through the Programa Empresa Cidadã (PEC) - from 120 days to 180 days on hiring and wages of female workers in companies that adhered to the program. For this purpose, we used the propensity score matching method combined with differences in differences. The results revealed that the extension of maternity leave had a positive and significant impact on the hiring of female workers, and no impact on hiring wages. As a way to test the credibility of our empirical strategy, null impacts were estimated for years before the start of the program, as well as for men after the start of the program. The results were interpreted through the lens of a framework of imperfect competition in the labor market, which suggests that the estimated impacts reflect an increase in the female labor supply for companies that increased the duration of maternity leave.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261034
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2719
    Schlagworte: maternity leave; labor supply; imperfect competition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Dinâmica da desigualdade salarial no Brasil e o papel de determinantes para além da qualificação dos trabalhadores
    Autor*in: Procópio, Igor Vieira; Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Guedes, Fillipe
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The aim of this paper is to evaluate the evolution of wage inequality components in Brazil, specifically the evolution of the return to unobserved skills, in the period of 2003 to 2013. We use a method similar to that proposed by Cortes e... mehr

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    The aim of this paper is to evaluate the evolution of wage inequality components in Brazil, specifically the evolution of the return to unobserved skills, in the period of 2003 to 2013. We use a method similar to that proposed by Cortes e Hidalgo-Pérez (2015), based on a hypothesis of invariance of the dispersion of unobserved skills for a group of workers who remain employed between two consecutive years. We incorporated two rules into this method. First, we allowed the evolution of wage inequality to be affected by unobservable characteristics of firms. Second, it considers different sets of workers for whom the hypothesis of invariance of the dispersion of skills not observed between two consecutive years would apply. Our results obtained from Rais-Identified data show that the first extension affects the results, which are robust to the alternatives considered for the second extension of the method. The results of our preferred specification point to a growth in the return (price) to unobserved skills, much more intense than what occurs without considering the influence of unobservable characteristics of firms on workers’ wages.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261048
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2733
    Schlagworte: wage inequality; unobserved skills; return to skills
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Percepção e qualidade
    o acesso à internet banda larga e a avaliação dos consumidores à luz da teoria da perspectiva
    Autor*in: Santos, Paulo Sávio Leite; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Borges, Carla Peixoto
    Erschienen: novembro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This study aims to verify the effect of the download data transmission rate on the degree of satisfaction of consumers of fixed broadband internet access, evaluating whether this relationship is adequately explained by the three characteristics... mehr

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    This study aims to verify the effect of the download data transmission rate on the degree of satisfaction of consumers of fixed broadband internet access, evaluating whether this relationship is adequately explained by the three characteristics which, according to prospect theory (Kahneman e Tversky, 1979), guide people's decision-making. Aggregate secondary data from Satisfaction and Perceived Quality Surveys conducted annually and measurements collected in modems installed in consumers' homes are used, both produced by the National Telecommunications Agency in Brazil, between 2018 to 2020. From the perspective of first cognitive characteristic, the results suggest that consumers assess their satisfaction with service from a neutral reference point, associated in the study with the contracted download data transmission rate. The results also indicate adherence to the second cognitive characteristic, suggesting the reduce of consumers' sensitivity as increase or decrease the stimuli to which they are submitted. Additionally, direct tests did not show significant results indicating data adherence to the third cognitive characteristic. Nevertheless, relationships incidentally perceived during the second cognitive characteristic test suggest that consumer satisfaction is more strongly influenced by the delivery of TxD values below the contracted rate than by TxD values delivered above the contracted rate, suggesting consumers' aversion losses and, therefore, the adherence of data to the third cognitive characteristic.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284866
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2810
    Schlagworte: internet; broadband; satisfaction; prospect theory
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Oferta de escolas e retorno do ensino médio entre os jovens no Brasil
    Autor*in: Franca, Maíra Penna; Machado, Danielle Carusi; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique
    Erschienen: outubro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Schooling attendance improved significantly in Brazil, mainly for primary schooling. Attendance levels however are still deficient at secondary level; where dropout levels also worries policy makers. This paper aims to estimate the wage premium for... mehr

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    Schooling attendance improved significantly in Brazil, mainly for primary schooling. Attendance levels however are still deficient at secondary level; where dropout levels also worries policy makers. This paper aims to estimate the wage premium for secondary education attained by young workers aged 20 to 24 in Brazil; as this could potentially lead to low levels of interest for attending secondary schools. We take into account the endogeneity of education in the wage equation, by employing a set of instruments that capture the supply density of schools in the municipality when the young worker was 15 years old; considered as the entry age for secondary school. The return estimates obtained by the method of instrumental variables ranged from 11% to 20%. The results also indicate that measures of school supply have a positive and significant relationship with the probability of a young person having completed high school.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284860
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2804
    Schlagworte: economic returns; high school education; instrumental variables; human capital
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Labor market and poverty in Brazil
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Leite, Phillippe G.
    Erschienen: 2000
    Verlag:  Serviço Ed., Rio de Janeiro [u.a.]

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    Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bibliothek
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 723
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitsmarktsegmentation; Armut; Arbeitsmarkt; Lohnbildung; Armut; Theorie; Brasilien; Brasilien
    Umfang: 47 S, graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Zsfassung in portug. Sprache
  12. Uma análise exploratória dos efeitos da política de formalização dos microempreendedores individuais
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Neri, Marcelo Cortes; Ulyssea, Gabriel
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IPEA, Brasília, DF

    This paper provides a preliminary analysis of the potential impacts from a formalization policy introduced in Brazil targeted at micro entrepreneurs with at most one employee. Our goal is to provide evidence to shed light on the following points: i)... mehr

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    This paper provides a preliminary analysis of the potential impacts from a formalization policy introduced in Brazil targeted at micro entrepreneurs with at most one employee. Our goal is to provide evidence to shed light on the following points: i) Did the program fostered micro entrepreneurship? ii) Did the program lead to greater formalization rates? The evidence suggests that the program might have positive effects on both points.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/121626
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 1939
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (30 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  13. Bolsa família, escolha ocupacional e informalidade no Brasil
    Autor*in: Barbosa, Ana Luiza Neves de Holanda; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IPEA, Brasília, DF

    This study analyzes the impact of conditional cash transfer program Bolsa Familia in the occupational composition Brazilian labor market. The methodology relies on a discontinuity in the program elegibility rule regarding children's age to attain the... mehr

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    This study analyzes the impact of conditional cash transfer program Bolsa Familia in the occupational composition Brazilian labor market. The methodology relies on a discontinuity in the program elegibility rule regarding children's age to attain the identification of a LATE parameter. The analysis is carried out with 2006 microdata from National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE). Our results suggest the cash transfer program does not affect the occupational choice of Brazilian adults among formal and informal jobs.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/121583
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 1948
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (30 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  14. Critérios de classificação para ocupação informal
    consequências para a caracterização do setor informal e para a análise de bem-estar no Brasil
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Reis, Maurício Cortez; Brito, Alessandra Scalioni
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  IPEA, Brasília, DF

    In this paper we aim to analyze how sensible is the informal worker profile to distinct classification procedures, as well as to analyze the sensibility of the link between informality and welfare to the same procedures. A disaggregated analysis by... mehr

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    In this paper we aim to analyze how sensible is the informal worker profile to distinct classification procedures, as well as to analyze the sensibility of the link between informality and welfare to the same procedures. A disaggregated analysis by employers and employees is one contribution of the paper, which also innovates using information on being included in an official tax payer administrative file (CNPJ) to one of the classification procedures employed to the employers. Two out of three procedures share very similar results in terms of informal worker profile and the link between informality and welfare. These are the procedure based on social security contribution, and the one based on CNPJ for employers and based on legal labor contracts for employees.

     
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    hdl: 10419/91354
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 1879
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (30 S.)
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    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  15. Efeitos dos pisos salariais estaduais sobre o mercado de trabalho
    uma nova abordagem empírica
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Foguel, Miguel Nathan; Hecksher, Marcos
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  IPEA, Brasília, DF

    This paper aims to evaluate the introduction of Brazilian regional and occupational wage floors on labor market performance. We focus on two out of five states that implemented such policy intervention, which are Paraná and São Paulo. In each region,... mehr

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    This paper aims to evaluate the introduction of Brazilian regional and occupational wage floors on labor market performance. We focus on two out of five states that implemented such policy intervention, which are Paraná and São Paulo. In each region, we have analyzed data for three distinct occupational categories. Our results point that one occupational group in each region seems to be affected by the introduction of a wage floor. In both cases, the wage floor tends to lower the share of employees with wages below the floor, without producing side effect neither on employment nor on informality. In particular, employment appears to have reacted positively. It was found no significant effect of the legislation in the other occupational groups. We innovate on methodological grounds by using the synthetic control method due to Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller (2010).

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/91361
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 1887
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (57 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  16. Poverty, inequality and macroeconomic instability
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Mendonça, Rosane Silva Pinto de; Reis, Maurício Cortez
    Erschienen: January 2015
    Verlag:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Over the past seventeen years the Brazilian macroeconomic performance has been considerably weaker than in previous decades. Inflation reached unprecedented levels and economic growth declined considerably. Despite the overall perception that... mehr

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    Over the past seventeen years the Brazilian macroeconomic performance has been considerably weaker than in previous decades. Inflation reached unprecedented levels and economic growth declined considerably. Despite the overall perception that macroeconomic performance is closely related to poverty and inequality, very few quantitative estimates are available in Brazil and elsewhere about the relationship between macroeconomic performance and income distribution. In this study we use monthly time series to access the relation between this weak and unstable macroeconomic performance on poverty and inequality. The estimates using aggregated and pooling time series reveal that inflation seems to have little association with inequality and particularly with poverty. However, since the variation in the monthly inflation rate over the past seventeen years has been very substantial, the associated variation of poverty became quite significant. As far as the impact of unemployment is concerned, the estimates indicate relatively weak relation between this variable and poverty or inequality. Finally, time-varying regressions indicate that the major results of this study, although applicable to most of the period analyzed, may not necessarily reflect the current situation. In fact, the time-varying estimates reveal a sharp recent decline in the association between unemployment and poverty or inequality, consistent with the drop in poverty and inequality in 1995, despite a considerably increase in the unemployment rate. There is also evidence that the relation between inflation and poverty or inequality declines as inflation accelerates.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 93 (January 2015)
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  17. Labor market regulations and the demand for labor in Brazil
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Gonzaga, Gustavo
    Erschienen: January 2015
    Verlag:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the 1988 changes in labor market regulations on the level of employment and on the time required by firms to adjust their employment level to economic fluctuations. From the many aspects... mehr

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    The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the 1988 changes in labor market regulations on the level of employment and on the time required by firms to adjust their employment level to economic fluctuations. From the many aspects of labor market regulations, this study will concentrate on those that directly influence variable labor and dismissal costs. Evaluating the impact of changes in these costs on the level of employment and speed of adjustment will be based on estimates of structural dynamic models for labor demand at different points in time before and after the 1988 constitutional change. The empirical strategy will be to estimate such models from microlongitudinal monthly data for a sample of 5,000 on manufacturing establishments, which cover the period from January 1985 to December 1997. To try to isolate the effect of the constitutional change on the parameters of the demand function from the effect of the process of trade liberalization and of the series of stabilization plans that also occurred in the end of the 80’s, we regress our monthly estimates of these parameters on a temporal indicator for the 1988 constitutional change, controlling for a variety of other macroeconomic indicators.

     
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    hdl: 10419/220173
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 84 (January 2015)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Labor market regulations and the duration of employment in Brazil
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Bahia, Mônica
    Erschienen: January 2015
    Verlag:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    The objective of the paper is to estimate the impact of an increase of dismissal penalties, implemented by the 1988 Brazilian constitution, on the duration of employment spells. After a simple comparison of estimates of this variable in periods pre... mehr

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    The objective of the paper is to estimate the impact of an increase of dismissal penalties, implemented by the 1988 Brazilian constitution, on the duration of employment spells. After a simple comparison of estimates of this variable in periods pre and post 1988 we made use of two alternative methods to estimate the impact we are looking for. The first method use control groups in order to separate the impact of underlying changes in the macroeconomic environment from the impact of the constitutional change. Accordingly, we proceed by breaking down the overall population into two groups, the so-called the treatment and control groups and then apply what is known as differences-in-differences methodology. The second method would essentially consist of regressing monthly or yearly estimates for the duration of employment spells on an indicator for the constitutional change, controlling for a set of macroeconomic indicators. The estimated coefficient on this indicator would then be an estimate of the impact of the constitutional change on the hazard rate. This procedure also allow us to test the validity of all control groups on which we base part of our empirical analysis.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 89 (January 2015)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten)
  19. Labor market and poverty in Brazil
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Leite, Phillippe G.
    Erschienen: January 2015
    Verlag:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This paper investigates if the responsibility of the poverty level registered in Brazil is the poor operation of the labor market, in terms of underremuneration and underutilization of the labor factor. By means of a microsimulation based... mehr

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    This paper investigates if the responsibility of the poverty level registered in Brazil is the poor operation of the labor market, in terms of underremuneration and underutilization of the labor factor. By means of a microsimulation based decomposition of distributional changes we assess the impact on the degree of poverty of unemployment, segmentation, and discrimination. In order to estimate the effect of these labor market imperfections on poverty, it was necessary, first, to define precisely the concepts of unemployment, segmentation and discrimination. Secondly, it was necessary to define how an ideal situation where human resources are properly used and remunerated would look like, given the prevailing macroeconomic conditions. It was found that, if the conditions of the average segment of the Brazilian labor market were extended to all segments, the effect on poverty would not be very significant (the average income gap would drop from the observed 12.1% to 9,6%). Even if this condition were extended only to those below the mean, the effect on poverty would not be so higher (P1 would drop to 8,1%). Among the items of the effect of underremuneration and underutilization of labor, it is worth mentioning that the effect of unemployment is extremely limited in absolute terms, although in relative terms it is the major effect on poverty.

     
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    hdl: 10419/220180
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 91 (January 2015)
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  20. Decisões críticas em idades críticas
    a escolha dos jovens entre estudo e trabalho no Brasil e em outros países da América Latina
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Santos, Daniel Domingues dos; Foguel, Miguel Nathan
    Erschienen: junho de 2001
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    In this paper we pretend to compare the determinants of the time allocation of the teenagers among four Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, Peru and Honduras. We assume there are four possibilities to time allocation: only studying, only... mehr

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    In this paper we pretend to compare the determinants of the time allocation of the teenagers among four Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, Peru and Honduras. We assume there are four possibilities to time allocation: only studying, only working, doing both of them or doing none of them. We focused our attention in Brazil, reporting how far one can extend the conclusions and policy recommendations to the another countries with different social and geographical characteristics. Separate analysis were done for men and women. The specific impacts of each variable on the time allocation of the teenagers were compared through a graphic analysis. The parents education revealed being the most important determinant of the young people's choice in almost all countries and genders analyzed, in the sense that the more educated the parents are, the more likely to study and the less willing to work the children are. In Brazil, for example, sons/daughters of eight-year educated parents have probability of studying 17/14 percentage points lower than sons/daughters of analphabets. Other important variables were the household location and the family composition, however the direction of these impacts depended on the gender and the country considered. This fact supports the argument that institutional/cultural differences have a central role on the teenagers' time allocationIn this paper we pretend to compare the determinants of the time allocation of the teenagers among four Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, Peru and Honduras. We assume there are four possibilities to time allocation: only studying, only working, doing both of them or doing none of them. We focused our attention in Brazil, reporting how far one can extend the conclusions and policy recommendations to the another countries with different social and geographical characteristics. Separate analysis were done for men and women. The specific impacts of each variable on the time allocation of the teenagers were compared through a graphic analysis. The parents education revealed being the most important determinant of the young people's choice in almost all countries and genders analyzed, in the sense that the more educated the parents are, the more likely to study and the less willing to work the children are. In Brazil, for example, sons/daughters of eight-year educated parents have probability of studying 17/14 percentage points lower than sons/daughters of analphabets. Other important variables were the household location and the family composition, however the direction of these impacts depended on the gender and the country considered. This fact supports the argument that institutional/cultural differences have a central role on the teenagers' time allocation.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 797
    Schlagworte: Zeitverwendung; Jugendliche; Brasilien; Chile; Peru; Honduras
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Inserção no mercado de trabalho
    diferenças por sexo e conseqüências sobre o bem-estar
    Autor*in: Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Santos, Daniel Domingues dos; Firpo, Sergio
    Erschienen: junho de 2001
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    In the recent period, the qualitative dimension of the women participation in the labor force has improved quickly, in response to cultural and economic changes. In Brazil, many authors have pointed that women have a higher level of schooling than... mehr

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    In the recent period, the qualitative dimension of the women participation in the labor force has improved quickly, in response to cultural and economic changes. In Brazil, many authors have pointed that women have a higher level of schooling than men, which should result, caeteris paribus, in better professional opportunities. However people claim that it is not observed neither in Brazil nor anywhere else, which results in a welfare loss. It's interesting to study how the welfare would change if the women and men have the same chances in the job market. In this paper, we propose how to simulate this hypothetical world. We found that the increase in the women's participation in the labor market would generate just an insignificant effect over the familiar welfare.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 796
    Schlagworte: Weibliche Arbeitskräfte; Brasilien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Os efeitos do Programa Bolsa Família sobre a frequência escolar das mães adolescentes beneficiadas
    Autor*in: Santos, Felícia; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique
    Erschienen: maio de 2019
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The paper assess the effect of the Brazilian Conditional Cash Transfer Program, Bolsa Familia (BF), on school attendance among adolescent mothers relative to adolescent non-mothers, combining quantitative and qualitative technics. The quantitative... mehr

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    The paper assess the effect of the Brazilian Conditional Cash Transfer Program, Bolsa Familia (BF), on school attendance among adolescent mothers relative to adolescent non-mothers, combining quantitative and qualitative technics. The quantitative analysis was based on the 2010 Census, and was conducted in two steps. First we estimated through logit models the impact of maternity on schooling attendance for each one of the 138 Brazilian meso-regions. Then we used a linear model at the meso-region level to estimate the relationship between the incidence of BF on one hand, and the previously estimated sensibility of the schooling attendance to maternity on the other hand. The results indicate that BF increases relative less the schooling attendance among adolescent mothers. Semi structured interviews with adolescent mothers living in Distrito Federal corroborate this result and add more insights to policy discussion.

     
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    hdl: 10419/211432
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2477
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Discriminação por gênero e poder de mercado como determinantes do emprego relativo de mulheres
    Autor*in: Meireles, Débora; Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva; Corseuil, Carlos Henrique
    Erschienen: junho de 2019
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    This article aims to test empirical implications of the classical Beckerian theory on discrimination against women in Brazil. Specifically, the contemporary relationship between the relative use of women versus men and the performance, and how this... mehr

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    This article aims to test empirical implications of the classical Beckerian theory on discrimination against women in Brazil. Specifically, the contemporary relationship between the relative use of women versus men and the performance, and how this relation changes with product market power is examined. The theory is tested using a panel of longitudinal microdata linking information at firm level from a matched employer-employee data (RAIS) and a firm level survey with detailed information on firm performance (PIA) from 2002 to 2013. We claim that the result may be contaminated by elements related to occupational segregation when the test is performed using the standard measure of relative employment of women. We propose a new measure that takes this into account; and implement the test with both measures of relative employment of women. The results indicated that in most of the specifications there is a positive and significant relationship between relative employment of women and profitability for companies with high market power. In a few specifications, this relationship also appears as positive and significant for companies with lower market power. But even in such cases the ratio is always stronger for the higher level of market power we consider. Finally, we find that the relationship between relative employment of women and profit depends on market power is much more stable when the first variable is measured by the index we propose.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2484
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  24. Unemployment dynamics with informality
    an empirical analysis for a developing country
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Foguel, Miguel Nathan; Moreira, Ajax
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília

    We implement decompositions of cyclical unemployment in a large developing country using the conventional 3-states and a 4-states representation of the labor market, where in the latter we subdivide the employment state into formal and informal forms... mehr

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    We implement decompositions of cyclical unemployment in a large developing country using the conventional 3-states and a 4-states representation of the labor market, where in the latter we subdivide the employment state into formal and informal forms of employment. This allows a richer analysis of the dynamics of unemployment that unveils the role played by the inflows and outflows from and into the formal and informal sectors. Results for the 3-states representation show that job separation play a much larger role than job finding, a result that differs from what is found for the U.S. The 4-states decomposition unveils that the contribution of the flow from informality to unemployment is larger than that of the flow from formal jobs. This evinces that job separations from the informal sector do play a role in explaining variations in the unemployment rate along the cycle. Opposite results are revealed for the job finding rate, where the formal sector displays a much larger contribution than the informal sector. We also compare the model performance of the 3- and 4-states representations and show that for many indicators the latter is superior to the former.

     
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    hdl: 10419/285025
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Ipea ; 2903
    Schlagworte: unemployment dynamics; variance decomposition; informality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Firm-level and local labor market effects of a large credit shock
    evidence from Brazil
    Autor*in: Corseuil, Carlos Henrique; Machado, Luciano; Roitman, Fabio; Ulyssea, Gabriel
    Erschienen: September 2023
    Verlag:  Institute for Applied Economic Research, Rio de Janeiro

    A common explanation for the poor performance of entrepreneurs in developing economies is their inability to obtain credit to expand their scale of operation. This paper assesses the aggregate impacts of the Cartão BNDES, a credit line targeted at... mehr

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    A common explanation for the poor performance of entrepreneurs in developing economies is their inability to obtain credit to expand their scale of operation. This paper assesses the aggregate impacts of the Cartão BNDES, a credit line targeted at small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Brazil, to investigate the role of credit constraints on SMEs performance. We use a major expansion of credit supply within the line to estimate causal effects of credit supply on firm size distribution, entry and exit, and employment. By exploiting the fact that firms can only use the available credit with suppliers that are registered in the credit line's system, we construct a variable that capture a credit supply expansion that varies exogenously across regions. We use an instrumental variable estimator that exploits differential access to the line and the expansion of suppliers to recover these causal effects. Our main result points that a 1% increase in the Brazilian Development Bank (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social - BNDES) card loans has a positive effect on average local formal employment between 6.7% and 10.3%. This increase in employment is driven by the increase in the average size of firms, specially by the average size of new entrant firms. These are relevant results as they suggest that the type of credit provided by BNDES card foster the dynamics of local labor markets, increasing the entrance of new firms, which are pointed as the group most affected by credit constrains.

     
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    hdl: 10419/285046
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Ipea ; 2924
    Schlagworte: credit; employment; local labor market
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