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  1. Tuition, debt, and human capital
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, NY

    This paper investigates the effects of college tuition on student debt and human capital accumulation. We exploit data from a random sample of undergraduate students in the United States and implement a research design that instruments for tuition... mehr

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    This paper investigates the effects of college tuition on student debt and human capital accumulation. We exploit data from a random sample of undergraduate students in the United States and implement a research design that instruments for tuition with relatively large changes to the tuition of students who enrolled at the same school in different cohorts. We find that $10,000 in higher tuition causally reduces the probability of graduating with a graduate degree by 6.2 percentage points and increases student debt by $2,961. Higher tuition also reduces the probability of obtaining an undergraduate degree among poorer, credit-constrained students. Thus, the relatively large increases in the price of education in the United States in the past decade can affect the accumulation of human capital.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/241105
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised December 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Staff report / Federal Reserve Bank of New York ; no. 912 (December 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Consequences of student loan credit expansions
    evidence from three decades of default cycles
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; 19, 32 (July 2019)
    Schlagworte: student loans; credit expansion; human capital; loan default
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Corporate taxes and retail prices
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27058
    Schlagworte: Unternehmensbesteuerung; Steuerwirkung; Produkt; Preis
    Umfang: 59 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  4. How does household spending respond to an epidemic?
    consumption during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26949
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Privater Konsum; USA
    Umfang: 33 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  5. Human capital depreciation
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Human capital can depreciate if skills are unused. But estimating human capital depreciation is challenging, as worker skills are difficult to measure and less productive workers are more likely to spend time in non-employment. We overcome these... mehr

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    Human capital can depreciate if skills are unused. But estimating human capital depreciation is challenging, as worker skills are difficult to measure and less productive workers are more likely to spend time in non-employment. We overcome these challenges with new administrative data on teachers assignments and their students outcomes, and quasi-random variation from the teacher assignment process in Greece. We find significant losses to output, as a one-year increase in time without formal employment lowers students test scores by 0.09 standard deviations. Using a simple production model, we estimate a skill depreciation rate of 4.3% and experience returns of 6.8%.

     

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    hdl: 10419/226316
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8614 (2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Does Private Equity Investment in Healthcare Benefit Patients? Evidence from Nursing Homes
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The past two decades have seen a rapid increase in Private Equity (PE) investment in healthcare, a sector in which intensive government subsidy and market frictions could lead high-powered for-profit incentives to be misaligned with the social goal... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    The past two decades have seen a rapid increase in Private Equity (PE) investment in healthcare, a sector in which intensive government subsidy and market frictions could lead high-powered for-profit incentives to be misaligned with the social goal of affordable, quality care. This paper studies the effects of PE ownership on patient welfare at nursing homes. With administrative patient-level data, we use a within-facility differences-in-differences design to address non-random targeting of facilities. We use an instrumental variables strategy to control for the selection of patients into nursing homes. Our estimates show that PE ownership increases the short-term mortality of Medicare patients by 10%, implying 20,150 lives lost due to PE ownership over our twelve-year sample period. This is accompanied by declines in other measures of patient well-being, such as lower mobility, while taxpayer spending per patient episode increases by 11%. We observe operational changes that help to explain these effects, including declines in nursing staff and compliance with standards. Finally, we document a systematic shift in operating costs post-acquisition toward non-patient care items such as monitoring fees, interest, and lease payments

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28474
    Schlagworte: Pflegeheim; Dienstleistungsqualität; Gesundheitsversorgung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  7. Competition and Selection in Credit Markets
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We present both theory and evidence that increased competition may decrease rather than increase consumer welfare in subprime credit markets. We present a model of lending markets with imperfect competition, adverse selection and costly lender... mehr

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    We present both theory and evidence that increased competition may decrease rather than increase consumer welfare in subprime credit markets. We present a model of lending markets with imperfect competition, adverse selection and costly lender screening. In more competitive markets, lenders have lower market shares, and thus lower incentives to monitor borrowers. Thus, when markets are competitive, all lenders face a riskier pool of borrowers, which can lead interest rates to be higher, and consumer welfare to be lower. We provide evidence for the model's predictions in the auto loan market using administrative credit panel data

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29169
    Schlagworte: Unvollkommener Wettbewerb; Verbraucherkredit; Adverse Selektion; Konsumentenrente; Bewertung; Autovermietung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  8. Epidemic responses under uncertainty
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27289
    Schlagworte: Epidemie; Messung; Gesundheitspolitik; Infektionsschutz
    Umfang: 51 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe

  9. Measuring the Welfare Cost of Asymmetric Information in Consumer Credit Markets
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Information asymmetries are known in theory to lead to inefficiently low credit provision, yet empirical estimates of the resulting welfare losses are scarce. This paper leverages a randomized experiment conducted by a large fintech lender to... mehr

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    Information asymmetries are known in theory to lead to inefficiently low credit provision, yet empirical estimates of the resulting welfare losses are scarce. This paper leverages a randomized experiment conducted by a large fintech lender to estimate welfare losses arising from asymmetric information in the market for online consumer credit. Building on methods from the insurance literature, we show how exogenous variation in interest rates can be used to estimate borrower demand and lender cost curves and recover implied welfare losses. While asymmetric information generates large equilibrium price distortions, we find only small overall welfare losses, particularly for high-credit-score borrowers

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29270
    Schlagworte: Asymmetrische Information; Verbraucherkredit; Kredit; Kreditgeschäft; Finanztechnologie; Wohlfahrtsanalyse
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  10. Monetary Policy Transmission Through Online Banks
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Financial technology has reshaped commercial banking. It has the potential to radically alter the transmission of monetary policy by lowering search costs and expanding bank markets. This paper studies the reaction of online banks to changes in... mehr

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    Financial technology has reshaped commercial banking. It has the potential to radically alter the transmission of monetary policy by lowering search costs and expanding bank markets. This paper studies the reaction of online banks to changes in federal fund rates. We find that these banks increase rates that they offer on deposits significantly more than traditional banks do. A 100 basis points increase in the federal fund rate leads to a 30 basis points larger increase in rates of online banks. Consistent with the rate movements, online bank deposits experience inflows, while traditional banks experience outflows during monetary tightening in 2022. The findings are consistent across banking markets of different competitiveness and demographics. Our findings shed new light on the role of online banks in interest rate pass-through and deposit channel of monetary policy

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31380
    Schlagworte: Electronic Banking; Geldpolitik; Geldpolitische Transmission; USA; Monetary Policy; Central Banks and Their Policies; Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages; Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors; Government Policy and Regulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  11. Debt moratoria
    evidence from student loan forbearance
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We evaluate the effects of the 2020 student debt moratorium that paused payments for student loan borrowers. Using administrative credit panel data, we show that the payment pause led to a sharp drop in student loan payments and delinquencies for... mehr

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    We evaluate the effects of the 2020 student debt moratorium that paused payments for student loan borrowers. Using administrative credit panel data, we show that the payment pause led to a sharp drop in student loan payments and delinquencies for borrowers subject to the debt moratorium, as well as an increase in credit scores. We find a large stimulus effect, as borrowers substitute increased private debt for paused public debt. Comparing borrowers whose loans were frozen with borrowers whose loans were not frozen due to differences in whether the government owned the loans, we show that borrowers used the new liquidity to increase borrowing on credit cards, mortgages, and auto loans rather than avoid delinquencies. The effects are concentrated among borrowers without prior delinquencies, who saw no change in credit scores, and we see little effects following student loan forgiveness announcements. The results highlight an important complementarity between liquidity and credit, as liquidity increases the demand for credit even as the supply of credit is fixed.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279171
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10422 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Studienfinanzierung; Kredit; Private Verschuldung; Kredittilgung; Studierende; USA; debt moratoria; student loans
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The distributional effects of student loan forgiveness
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research], [Philadelphia, PA

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Preliminary and incomplete: not for circulation or citation
    Schriftenreihe: [Working papers / Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research ; 22, 20]
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Debt Moratoria
    Evidence from Student Loan Forbearance
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We evaluate the effects of the 2020 student debt moratorium that paused payments for student loan borrowers. Using administrative credit panel data, we show that the payment pause led to a sharp drop in student loan payments and delinquencies for... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    keine Fernleihe
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    keine Fernleihe
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    keine Fernleihe
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    keine Fernleihe
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    keine Fernleihe

     

    We evaluate the effects of the 2020 student debt moratorium that paused payments for student loan borrowers. Using administrative credit panel data, we show that the payment pause led to a sharp drop in student loan payments and delinquencies for borrowers subject to the debt moratorium, as well as an increase in credit scores. We find a large stimulus effect, as borrowers substitute increased private debt for paused public debt. Comparing borrowers whose loans were frozen with borrowers whose loans were not frozen due to differences in whether the government owned the loans, we show that borrowers used the new liquidity to increase borrowing on credit cards, mortgages, and auto loans rather than avoid delinquencies. The effects are concentrated among borrowers without prior delinquencies, who saw no change in credit scores, and we see little effects following student loan forgiveness announcements. The results highlight an important complementarity between liquidity and credit, as liquidity increases the demand for credit even as the supply of credit is fixed

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31247
    Schlagworte: Studienfinanzierung; Kredit; Private Verschuldung; Kredittilgung; Studierende; USA; Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth; Educational Finance; Financial Aid
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  14. Monetary Policy Transmission Through Online Banks
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    Financial technology has been reshaping commercial banking. It has the potential to radically alter the transmission of monetary policy, by lowering search costs and expanding bank markets. This paper studies the reaction of online banks to changes... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Financial technology has been reshaping commercial banking. It has the potential to radically alter the transmission of monetary policy, by lowering search costs and expanding bank markets. This paper studies the reaction of online banks to changes in federal fund rates. We find that these banks increase rates that they offer on deposits significantly more than traditional banks do. A 100 basis points increase in federal fund rate leads to a 30 basis points larger increase in rates of online banks. Consistent with the rate movements, online bank deposits experience inflows, while traditional banks experience outflows during monetary tightening of 2022. The findings are consistent across banking markets of different competitiveness and demographics. Our findings shed new light on the role of online banks in interest rate pass-through and deposit channel of monetary policy

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Fisher College of Business Working Paper ; No. 2023-03-015
    Schlagworte: Electronic Banking; Geldpolitik; Geldpolitische Transmission; USA; Financial Technology; FinTech; Digitalization; Passtrough; Commercial Banks; Deposit Channel
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments May 25, 2023 erstellt

  15. When investor incentives and consumer interests diverge
    private equity in higher education
    Erschienen: August 2018
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24976
    Schlagworte: Hochschulfinanzierung; Übernahme; Private Equity; Subvention; Anreiz; Privatuniversität; Gewinnmaximierung; Schätzung; USA
    Umfang: 58 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe

  16. Data and Welfare in Credit Markets
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We show how to measure the welfare effects arising from increased data availability. When lenders have more data on prospective borrower costs, they can charge prices that are more aligned with these costs. This increases total social welfare, and... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We show how to measure the welfare effects arising from increased data availability. When lenders have more data on prospective borrower costs, they can charge prices that are more aligned with these costs. This increases total social welfare, and transfers surplus from borrowers to lenders. We show that the magnitudes of the welfare changes can be estimated using only quantity data and variation in prices. We apply the methodology on bankruptcy flag removals, and find that removing prior bankruptcy information increases the surplus of previously bankrupt consumers substantially, at the cost of decreasing total social welfare modestly, suggesting that flag removals have low efficiency costs for redistributing surplus to previously bankrupt borrowers

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30235
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftsdaten; Kreditrisiko; Kreditwürdigkeit; Kreditmarkt; Finanzmarkt; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Wohlfahrtsökonomik; Welfare Economics; General; Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages; Government Policy and Regulation; Household Finance; Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  17. Data and Welfare in Credit Markets
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    We show how to measure the welfare effects arising from increased data availability. When lenders have more data on prospective borrower costs, they can charge prices that are more aligned with these costs. This results in an increase in total social... mehr

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    We show how to measure the welfare effects arising from increased data availability. When lenders have more data on prospective borrower costs, they can charge prices that are more aligned with these costs. This results in an increase in total social welfare, and a transfer of surplus from borrowers to lenders. The magnitudes of the welfare changes can be estimated using only quantity data and variation in prices. We apply the methodology using administrative data on bankruptcy flag removals, and find that flag removal increases the surplus of previously bankrupt consumers substantially, at the cost of decreasing total social welfare modestly, suggesting that flag removals are a reasonably efficient tool for redistributing surplus to previously bankrupt borrowers

     

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    Format: Online
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    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftsdaten; Kreditrisiko; Kreditwürdigkeit; Kreditmarkt; Finanzmarkt; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Wohlfahrtsökonomik
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (51 Seiten)
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    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments January 24, 2022 erstellt

  18. Did the paycheck protection program hit the target?
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27095
    Schlagworte: KMU; Coronavirus; Wirtschaftskrise; Mittelstandspolitik; Stabilisierungspolitik; Lohnersatzleistungen; Beschäftigungssicherung; Wirkungsanalyse; USA
    Umfang: 41 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  19. Income, liquidity, and the consumption response to the 2020 economic stimulus payments
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    W 1 (27097)
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27097
    Schlagworte: Stabilisierungspolitik; Coronavirus; Wirtschaftskrise; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Bargeld; Wirkungsanalyse; Privater Konsum; CARES Act; Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security Act
    Umfang: 35 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  20. The distributional effects of student loan forgiveness
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 28175
    Umfang: 27 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  21. Human capital depreciation
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27925
    Schlagworte: Humankapital; Abschreibung; Lehrkräfte; Schule; Griechenland
    Umfang: 102 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  22. What Went Wrong with Federal Student Loans?
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    At a time when the returns to college and graduate school are at historic highs, why do so many students struggle with their student loans? The increase in aggregate student debt and the struggles of today's student loan borrowers can be traced to... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    At a time when the returns to college and graduate school are at historic highs, why do so many students struggle with their student loans? The increase in aggregate student debt and the struggles of today's student loan borrowers can be traced to changes in federal policies intended to broaden access to federal aid and educational opportunities, and which increased enrollment and borrowing in higher-risk circumstances. Starting in the late 1990s, policymakers weakened regulations that had constrained institutions from enrolling aid-dependent students. This led to rising enrollment of relatively disadvantaged students, but primarily at poor-performing, low-value institutions whose students systematically failed to complete a degree, struggled to repay their loans, defaulted at high rates, and foundered in the job market. As these new borrowers experienced similarly poor outcomes, their loans piled up, loan performance deteriorated, and with it the finances of the federal program. The crisis illustrates the important role that educational institutions play in access to postsecondary education and student outcomes, and difficulty of using broadly-available loans to subsidize investments in education when there is so much heterogeneity in outcomes across institutions and programs and in the ability to repay of students

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w32469
    Schlagworte: Studienfinanzierung; Private Verschuldung; USA; General; Household Finance; General; Other; Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts; General; Educational Finance; Financial Aid
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  23. Discount Factors and Monetary Policy
    Evidence from Dual-Listed Stocks
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper studies the transmission of monetary policy to the stock market through investors' discount factors. To isolate this channel, we investigate the effect of US monetary policy surprises on the ratio of prices of the same stock listed... mehr

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    This paper studies the transmission of monetary policy to the stock market through investors' discount factors. To isolate this channel, we investigate the effect of US monetary policy surprises on the ratio of prices of the same stock listed simultaneously in Hong Kong and Mainland China, and thereby control for revisions in cash-flow expectations. We find this channel to be strong and asymmetric, with the effect driven by surprise monetary policy interest rate cuts. A 100 basis point surprise cut results in a 30 basis point increase in the ratio of stock prices over 5 days. These results suggest significant slow-moving reductions in stock market risk premia following accommodating monetary policy surprises

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w32499
    Schlagworte: Geldpolitik; Geldpolitische Transmission; Diskontierung; Aktienmarkt; USA; Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit; Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers; Central Banks and Their Policies; Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates; Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  24. Students in distress
    labor market shocks, student loan default, and federal insurance programs
    Erschienen: March 2017
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 23284
    Schlagworte: Immobilienpreis; Schock; Studienfinanzierung; Private Verschuldung; USA
    Umfang: 30 Seiten, 19 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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  25. Students in distress
    labor market shocks, student loan default, and federal insurance programs
    Erschienen: 24 March 2017
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP 11938
    Schlagworte: Immobilienpreis; Schock; Studienfinanzierung; Private Verschuldung; USA
    Umfang: 30 Seiten, 18 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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