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  1. Revaluation and reform of council tax in Wales
    impacts on different councils and household types
    Autor*in: Adam, Stuart; Hodge, Louis; Phillips, David; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Council tax bands in Wales are based on property values in April 2003 - 17 years ago. That is more up to date than in England and Scotland, where they are based on values in April 1991 (almost 30 years ago!). But it is still enough time for the... mehr

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    Council tax bands in Wales are based on property values in April 2003 - 17 years ago. That is more up to date than in England and Scotland, where they are based on values in April 1991 (almost 30 years ago!). But it is still enough time for the relative values of different properties to change significantly: for example, official estimates suggest that while average prices had doubled since 2003 across Wales as a whole by the end of 2019, those in Blaenau Gwent had risen 171% compared with just 77% in Wrexham. Moreover, while the difference in 2003 values between a property in Band A and a property in Band I was at least 9.5-fold, the difference in tax rates is just 3.5-fold. The structure of council tax is therefore both increasingly out of date and arbitrary, and highly regressive with respect to property values. It is ripe for revaluation and reform. This report examines how revaluation and reform of council tax in Wales would affect the tax bases, average net tax bills and grant funding requirements of different local authorities (LAs); and the net tax bills and after-tax incomes of different household groups. This is in the context of a commitment from the Welsh Government to make council tax fairer and more progressive.

     
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    Beteiligt: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781912805631
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235058
    Schriftenreihe: [IFS report] ; (R169)
    Schlagworte: Gemeindesteuer; Grundsteuer; Steuerreform; Steuerwirkung; Wales
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 123 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Revaluation and reform
    bringing council tax in England into the 21st century
    Autor*in: Adam, Stuart; Hodge, Louis; Phillips, David; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Council tax matters. It matters to local government as, at over £31 billion a year, it now makes up over half of its funding for non-education expenditure. It matters for households, for whom the bills take up an average of over 3% of their income.... mehr

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    Council tax matters. It matters to local government as, at over £31 billion a year, it now makes up over half of its funding for non-education expenditure. It matters for households, for whom the bills take up an average of over 3% of their income. And it matters to central government, which is ultimately responsible for the sustainability and suitability of the local government finance system and, like local government, can be subject to political difficulties when the populace is unhappy with the system. Council tax bands in England are still based on property values in April 1991 - almost 30 years ago. Since then the relative prices of different properties have changed significantly: for example, official estimates suggest the average price in London is now more than six times what it was in 1995, compared with barely three times in the North East. Moreover, the most valuable properties in 1991 (Band H) attract just three times as much tax as the least valuable properties (Band A), despite being worth at least eight times as much in 1991 and typically even more now, since prices have risen most in areas where they were already highest. Council tax is therefore both increasingly out of date and arbitrary, and highly regressive with respect to property values. It is ripe for reform. This report analyses the effect of updating and reforming council tax on different local authorities (LAs) and different household types in England. This is in the context of growing concerns about both wealth and regional inequalities, especially between the North and Midlands, where property values are much lower and have risen relatively slowly since 1991, and London and the South East, where they are much higher and have risen more.

     
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    ISBN: 9781912805624
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    hdl: 10419/235057
    Schriftenreihe: [IFS report] ; (R168)
    Schlagworte: Gemeindesteuer; Grundsteuer; Steuerreform; Immobilienpreis; Steuerwirkung; England
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 136 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The mental health effects of the first two months of lockdown and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK
    Autor*in: Banks, James; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: 10 Jun 2020
    Verlag:  The Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Mental health in the UK worsened substantially as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic - by 8.1% on average and by much more for young adults and for women which are groups that already had lower levels of mental health before Covid-19. Hence... mehr

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    Mental health in the UK worsened substantially as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic - by 8.1% on average and by much more for young adults and for women which are groups that already had lower levels of mental health before Covid-19. Hence inequalities in mental health have been increased by the pandemic. Even larger average effects are observed for measures of mental health that capture the number problems reported or the fraction of the population reporting any frequent or severe problems, which more than doubled for some groups such as young women. It is important to control for pre-existing recent trends in mental health when attempting to understand and isolate the effects of Covid-19.

     
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    hdl: 10419/223292
    Schriftenreihe: IFS working paper ; W20, 16
    Schlagworte: Psychische Krankheit; Coronavirus; Soziale Beziehungen; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK
    2019
    Autor*in: Bourquin, Pascale; Cribb, Jonathan; Waters, Tom; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: 19 Jun 2019
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    This report examines how living standards - most commonly measured by households' incomes - have changed for different groups in the UK, and the consequences that these changes have for income inequality and for measures of deprivation and poverty.... mehr

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    This report examines how living standards - most commonly measured by households' incomes - have changed for different groups in the UK, and the consequences that these changes have for income inequality and for measures of deprivation and poverty. In this latest report, we focus in particular on those people who are poorest in society, with two of our three main chapters focusing on poverty.

     
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    Beteiligt: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9781912805273
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201795
    Übergeordneter Titel: Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK - Alle Bände anzeigen
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R157
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Why has in-work poverty risen in Britain?
    Autor*in: Bourquin, Pascale; Cribb, Jonathan; Waters, Tom; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: 07 Jun 2019
    Verlag:  The Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    An increasing proportion of people towards the bottom of the UK's income distribution are in a household where someone is in paid work. Working households comprised 37% of those below the official poverty line in 1994-95 and 58% in 2017-18. Much of... mehr

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    An increasing proportion of people towards the bottom of the UK's income distribution are in a household where someone is in paid work. Working households comprised 37% of those below the official poverty line in 1994-95 and 58% in 2017-18. Much of that increase is due to trends that seem straightforwardly positive: lower poverty rates among pensioners and workless working-age households, and less household worklessness.But about a third of the increase is due to an increase in the rate of poverty in house holds where someone works. We examine the reason for the increased in-work relative poverty rate in Britain over the last 25 years, which has risen by almost 5 percentage points to reach 18% in 2017-18. We identify two reasons why even that rise in the in-work relative poverty rate is partly a reflection of positive trends. First, the catch up of pensioner incomes (driven by higher state and private pensions) has pushed upon median income, and hence the relative poverty line. Second, falls in worklessness have brought relatively low-earning types of households (such as lone parents) into work. We show that increases in household earnings inequality among households with someone in paid work since 1994-95 explain 1.4 percentage points of the rise. The fact that housing costs have risen much more for low income households than for higher income households explains 2.4 percentage points of the rise. Working against this, increases in re-distribution towards low-income working families pushed down relative in-work poverty by 2.1 percentage points. This was due to benefit changes in the early 2000s and between 2007-08 and 2010-11 which acted to reduce relative in-work poverty, though this has been partially reversed by reductions to benefit entitlements since 2010-11.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/223256
    Schriftenreihe: IFS working paper ; W19, 12
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK
    2021, Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK: 2021 / Jonathan Cribb, Tom Waters, Thomas Wernham, Xiaowei Xu ; copy-edited by Judith Payne
    Autor*in: Cribb, Jonathan; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    This report examines how household incomes were changing in the UK up to the eve of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how other measures of household living standards have changed over the course of the pandemic. In particular, we use the latest official... mehr

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    This report examines how household incomes were changing in the UK up to the eve of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how other measures of household living standards have changed over the course of the pandemic. In particular, we use the latest official data covering years up to 2019-20 to provide a comprehensive picture of UK household incomes before the pandemic hit. We subsequently use more recent data to examine how the pandemic and associated restrictions on economic activity have radically affected the scope for people to earn an income in the labour market, and what the implications of the pandemic have been for measures of household deprivation. We look at how different groups have fared, with a focus on low-income households, both before and during the pandemic.

     
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    ISBN: 9781801030465
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/264452
    Übergeordneter Titel: Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK - Alle Bände anzeigen
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R194
    Schlagworte: Armut; Lebensstandard; Einkommensverteilung; Soziale Ungleichheit; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 109 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The IFS green budget
    October 2019
    Autor*in: Adam, Stuart; Atkins, Graham; Cheung, Aron; Crawford, Rowena; Joyce, Robert; Marshall, Joe; Nabarro, Benjamin; Schulz, Christian; Stockton, Isabel; Stroud, Rebekah; Tetlow, Gemma; Waters, Tom; Xu, Xiaowei; Zaranko, Ben
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The IFS Green Budget 2019, in association with Citi and the Nuffield Foundation, is edited by Carl Emmerson, Christine Farquharson and Paul Johnson, and copy-edited by Judith Payne. The report looks at the issues and challenges facing Chancellor... mehr

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    The IFS Green Budget 2019, in association with Citi and the Nuffield Foundation, is edited by Carl Emmerson, Christine Farquharson and Paul Johnson, and copy-edited by Judith Payne. The report looks at the issues and challenges facing Chancellor Sajid Javid as he prepares for his first Budget.

     
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    Beteiligt: Emmerson, Carl (HerausgeberIn, VerfasserIn); Farquharson, Christine (HerausgeberIn); Johnson, Paul (HerausgeberIn); Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781912805396
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235052
    Übergeordneter Titel: The IFS green budget - Alle Bände anzeigen
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report / Institute for Fiscal Studies ; [R163]
    Schlagworte: Öffentlicher Haushalt; Finanzpolitik; Steuerpolitik; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 253 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Inequality and the Covid crisis in the United Kingdom
    Autor*in: Blundell, Richard W.; Dias, Mónica Costa; Cribb, Jonathan; Joyce, Robert; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We review the effects on the Covid-19 pandemic on inequalities in education, the labour market, household living standards, mental health, and wealth in the UK. The pandemic has pushed up inequalities on several dimensions. School closures particular... mehr

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    We review the effects on the Covid-19 pandemic on inequalities in education, the labour market, household living standards, mental health, and wealth in the UK. The pandemic has pushed up inequalities on several dimensions. School closures particular disrupted the learning of poorer children, leading to lower attainment. Mental health worsened for those groups (women and younger adults) who had poorer mental health pre-pandemic. Lockdowns and social distancing particularly reduced the ability of younger, lower-earning, and less educated people to work. However, job-support programmes combined with the expanded welfare system meant that, if anything, disposable income inequality fell. Rising house prices have benefited people in particular around the middle of the wealth distribution. In the longer term, lower work experience for the less educated and missed schooling could push up some inequalities. Increased rates of working from home seem likely to persist which may increase some inequalities and decrease others.

     
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    hdl: 10419/254251
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 22, 01
    Schlagworte: inequality; Covid-19 pandemic; education; living standards; wealth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The distributional and employment impacts of nationwide minimum wage changes
    Autor*in: Cribb, Jonathan; Giupponi, Giulia; Joyce, Robert; Lindner, Attila; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We estimate the effect of the introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage in 2016, and increases in it up to 2019, using a new empirical method. We apply a bunching approach to a setting with no geographical variation in minimum wage rates. We... mehr

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    We estimate the effect of the introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage in 2016, and increases in it up to 2019, using a new empirical method. We apply a bunching approach to a setting with no geographical variation in minimum wage rates. We effectively compare employment changes in each part of the wage distribution in low-wage areas to employment changes among similar workers living in higher-wage areas who are less exposed to increases in the national minimum wage because their nominal wages are further above it. We find substantial positive wage effects, including statistically significant spillovers up to around the 20th percentile of wages. Overall we find small negative effects on employment which are not statistically significant. We combine these estimates with a tax and benefit microsimulation model to estimate the impact on household incomes. The largest gains go to the middle of the overall working-age income distribution, though they are more concentrated within the bottom third if we consider only households with someone in paid work. The gains to poorer working households are limited by the withdrawal of means tested benefits as earnings increase. Effects of minimum wages on household incomes are very sensitive to the size of employment effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/254249
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 48
    Schlagworte: minimum wage; labor demand; income inequality; poverty
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK
    2022, Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK : 2022 / Jonathan Cribb, Tom Waters, Thomas Wernham, Xiaowei Xu ; copy-edited by Judith Payne
    Autor*in: Cribb, Jonathan; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    This report examines how material living standards - most commonly measured by households' incomes - have changed for different groups in the UK, and the consequences that these changes have for income inequality and for measures of deprivation and... mehr

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    This report examines how material living standards - most commonly measured by households' incomes - have changed for different groups in the UK, and the consequences that these changes have for income inequality and for measures of deprivation and poverty. This is the 22nd annual report published by IFS authors on living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK since the annual reports started in 2001. In this report, we focus on two particular issues. First, we look at how the distribution of household income changed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we use pre-pandemic data on child poverty and material deprivation to examine the situation facing poor families with children prior to the pandemic.

     
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    Beteiligt: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
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    ISBN: 9781801030786
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/264467
    Übergeordneter Titel: Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK - Alle Bände anzeigen
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R215
    Schlagworte: Poverty; inequality and social mobility; Savings; pensions and wealth; Poverty; Living standards; Inequality; COVID-19; Wealth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Going solo: how starting solo self-employment affects incomes and well-being
    Autor*in: Cribb, Jonathan; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: 16 Jul 2020
    Verlag:  The Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Using a large-scale panel data set, we trace the evolution of incomes and well-being around the entry into 'solo self-employment' - that is, running a business without employees. We find that solo self-employment is used to self-insure against... mehr

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    Using a large-scale panel data set, we trace the evolution of incomes and well-being around the entry into 'solo self-employment' - that is, running a business without employees. We find that solo self-employment is used to self-insure against employment shocks: employment rates fall and poverty rates rise in the run-up to entry, and many who fell out of employment report being dismissed or made redundant from their previous job. However, their average earnings do not fully recover within three years of entry. For those who move into solo self-employment directly from employee jobs, for whom this transition is more likely to have been voluntary, earnings remain lower and poverty rates higher for at least two years after entry. Despite the effect on incomes, becoming solo self-employed is associated with improvements in well-being across a number of measures. We see a large and sustained rise in job satisfaction, even among groups who are likely to be using solo self-employment to self-insure. Comparing entries into solo self-employment with entries into or moves between employee jobs, we find that well-being trajectories are remarkably similar despite significantly lower earnings in solo selfemployment. This suggests that there may be intangible benefits that compensate for lower earnings, that (on average) apply even to those who are 'pushed' into solo self-employment.

     
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    hdl: 10419/223299
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; W20, 23
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Worker mobility and labour market opportunities
    Autor*in: Dias, Mónica Costa; Johnson-Watts, Ella; Joyce, Robert Dwyer; Postel-Vinay, Fabien; Spittal, Peter; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: 29 October 2021
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 753 (21)
    Schlagworte: Vacancies; labour demand; worker mobility; mismatch; Covid-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Worker mobility and labour market opportunities
    Autor*in: Dias, Mónica Costa; Johnson-Watts, Ella; Joyce, Robert; Postel-Vinay, Fabien; Spittal, Peter; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    We develop a measure of labour market opportunities for heterogenous types of worker, exploiting information on their suitability different jobs encoded in historical patterns of worker mobility. We provide a theoretical foundation for our measure,... mehr

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    We develop a measure of labour market opportunities for heterogenous types of worker, exploiting information on their suitability different jobs encoded in historical patterns of worker mobility. We provide a theoretical foundation for our measure, which features naturally in a general random search framework. Our measure is flexible in the sense that it admits general definitions of worker and job heterogeneity, and is easily implementable empirically with data on worker mobility and labour demand. We apply our measure to high-quality data on labour demand in the UK, based on the universe of 104.7 million job adverts posted online from January 2015 to June 2021. We demonstrate the utility of our measure with an analysis of worker prospects throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. First, while the direct impact of lockdown policies was concentrated on relatively few industries, labour demand fell much more broadly. And, as our measure highlights, the full effects were broader still because of the disruption to usual career progression, even for those in less-affected sectors such as healthcare. Second, despite aggregate labour demand returning to pre-pandemic levels by June 2021, 25% of the workforce faced new job opportunities more than 10% below pre-pandemic levels. This is because of a change in the composition of vacancy postings (towards lower-paying occupations) which our measure of labour market opportunities is sensitive to. Finally, the majority (64%) of unemployed workers faced at least 10% more competition for jobs from unemployed jobseekers than before the pandemic.

     
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    hdl: 10419/242928
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 29
    Schlagworte: Vacancies; labour demand; worker mobility; mismatch; Covid-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The cost of living crisis
    a pre-Budget briefing
    Autor*in: Cribb, Jonathan; Joyce, Robert; Karjalainen, Heidi; Ray-Chaudhuri, Sam; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The recent surge in inflation, driven by spectacular increases in energy prices, has driven sharp falls in household living standards, huge government intervention to try to mitigate it, and serious policy headaches. As such it continues to be the... mehr

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    The recent surge in inflation, driven by spectacular increases in energy prices, has driven sharp falls in household living standards, huge government intervention to try to mitigate it, and serious policy headaches. As such it continues to be the backdrop behind many of the most pressing issues that will face Chancellor Hunt when he delivers his first Budget on 15 March. This short report analyses the latest outlook for inflation, how this varies across households and is impacted by the government's interventions on consumer energy prices, and the resulting effects on real earnings and benefit levels.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781801031264
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282932
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R245
    Schlagworte: Consumption and prices; Poverty, inequality and social mobility; Spring Budget 2023; Inflation; Inequality; Pay
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Poverty
    Autor*in: Ray-Chaudhuri, Sam; Waters, Tom; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    We investigate recent trends in poverty, and government policies aimed at alleviating it. mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 422
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    We investigate recent trends in poverty, and government policies aimed at alleviating it.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282942
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R264
    Schlagworte: Consumption and prices; Employment and income; Poverty, inequality and social mobility; Poverty; Benefits; Consumer behaviour; COVID-19; Living standards; Universal credit; Working age benefits
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK
    2023, Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK : 2023 / Sam Ray-Chaudhuri, Tom Waters, Thomas Wernham, Xiaowei Xu ; copy-edited by Judith Payne
    Autor*in: Ray-Chaudhuri, Sam; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    We investigate how living standards have changed for different groups in the UK, with a particular focus on the cost of living payments and housing. mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 422
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    We investigate how living standards have changed for different groups in the UK, with a particular focus on the cost of living payments and housing.

     
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    Beteiligt: Payne, Judith (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781801031417
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282944
    Übergeordneter Titel: Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK - Alle Bände anzeigen
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R265
    Schlagworte: Consumption and prices; Employment and income; Poverty, inequality and social mobility; Taxes and benefits; Benefits; Consumer behaviour; COVID-19; Distributional effects; Housing; Inequality; Living standards
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Living standards and inequality
    Autor*in: Ray-Chaudhuri, Sam; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 422
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282946
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R262
    Schlagworte: Employment and income; Poverty, inequality and social mobility; Benefits; COVID-19; Distributional effects; Inequality; Living standards; Universal credit; Working age benefits
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Are the kids alright?
    the early careers of education leavers since the COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Ray-Chaudhuri, Sam; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    In this report, we present the first evidence on how the cohorts of young people who entered the labour market during the pandemic have fared up to now. In Section 2, we discuss why we might expect the pandemic to lead to scarring effects,... mehr

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    DS 422
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    In this report, we present the first evidence on how the cohorts of young people who entered the labour market during the pandemic have fared up to now. In Section 2, we discuss why we might expect the pandemic to lead to scarring effects, documenting how labour market outcomes evolved over the pandemic and comparing trends with the 2008 recession to demonstrate the magnitude of the COVID-19 shock for young people. In Section 3, we focus on the cohorts of young people who entered the labour market during the COVID-19 years, or just before, comparing their employment rates and multiple measures of job quality with those of earlier cohorts to assess the extent to which they are likely to experience long-term scarring as result of the pandemic. In Section 4, we discuss the prospects for future cohorts due to enter the labour market in the coming years. We conclude in Section 5.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Lumpkin, Rachel (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781801031158
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282911
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R237
    Schlagworte: Employment and income; Labour markets supply and workforce; Labour markets; Employment; COVID-19; Human capital
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The Declining Mental Health Of The Young And The Global Disappearance Of The Hump Shape In Age In Unhappiness
    Autor*in: Blanchflower, David G.; Bryson, Alex; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Across many studies subjective well-being follows a U-shape in age, declining until people reach middle-age, only to rebound subsequently. Ill-being follows a mirror-imaged hump-shape. But this empirical regularity has been replaced by a monotonic... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Across many studies subjective well-being follows a U-shape in age, declining until people reach middle-age, only to rebound subsequently. Ill-being follows a mirror-imaged hump-shape. But this empirical regularity has been replaced by a monotonic decrease in illbeing by age. The reason for the change is the deterioration in young people's mental health both absolutely and relative to older people. We reconsider evidence for this fundamental change in the link between illbeing and age with micro data for the United States and the United Kingdom. Beginning around 2011 there is a monotonic and declining cross-sectional association between well-being and age. In the UK the recent COVID pandemic exacerbated the trends by impacting most heavily on the wellbeing of the young, but this was not the case in the United States. We replicate the decrease in illbeing by age across 34 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, using five ill-being metrics for the period 2020-2024 and confirm the findings

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w32337
    Schlagworte: Lebensqualität; Zufriedenheit; Psychische Krankheit; Altersgruppe; Sozialer Indikator; USA; Großbritannien; General Welfare, Well-Being; Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  20. Strategic product line selection and pricing
    Autor*in: Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: 2005

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    A10-2629
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Druck
    Schlagworte: Produktmanagement; Sortiment; Preismanagement; Produktgestaltung; Modularisierung
    Umfang: VIII, 67 S., graph. Darst.
    Bemerkung(en):

    Evanston, Ill., Northwestern Univ., Diss., 2005
  21. The changing geography of jobs
    Autor*in: Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    This report examines the way in which "hollowing out" and other labour market trends have shaped the economic geography of the UK. mehr

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    This report examines the way in which "hollowing out" and other labour market trends have shaped the economic geography of the UK.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781801031554
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282973
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R286
    Schlagworte: Education and skills; Employment and income; Poverty, inequality and social mobility; Geography; Geographical mobility; Education; Higher education; Inequality; Pay; Labour supply and workforce; Firms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen