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  1. Patent-related actions taken in WTO members in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Wu, Xiaoping; Khazin, Bassam Peter
    Erschienen: 21 October 2020
    Verlag:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, [Geneva]

    COVID-19, caused by SARS-Cov-2, was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Since then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and... mehr

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    Standort:
    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 122
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    COVID-19, caused by SARS-Cov-2, was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Since then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and technologies - a longstanding and enduringly important public policy issue - has become central to the debate on the linkages between IP, innovation, access, and public health between stakeholders with divergent interests. This working paper provides an overview of the patent landscape of medical treatments and technologies related to COVID-19, and of the patent status of two investigational medical treatments: remdesivir and lopinavir/ritonavir. It then presents various patent-related actions taken by legislators, policymakers, industry sectors, and civil society organizations in WTO Members since the outbreak. Furthermore, it elaborates on patent-related policy options provided by the TRIPS Agreement, and WTO Members' national implementation and utilization of these options in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/226168
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Manuscript date: 21 October 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper ; ERSD-2020, 12
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Innovation and patenting activities of COVID-19 vaccines in WTO members
    analytical review of Medicines Patent Pool (MPP) COVID-19 Vaccines Patent Landscape (VaxPaL)
    Autor*in: Chiang, Ting-Wei; Wu, Xiaoping
    Erschienen: 10 February 2022
    Verlag:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, [Geneva]

    This working paper provides a statistical analysis of 74 patent families which cover subject matter relevant to ten COVID-19 vaccines. These vaccines have accounted for 99% of the global COVID-19 vaccine production as of 31 December 2021, comprising... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 122
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    This working paper provides a statistical analysis of 74 patent families which cover subject matter relevant to ten COVID-19 vaccines. These vaccines have accounted for 99% of the global COVID-19 vaccine production as of 31 December 2021, comprising over ten billion doses. Eight of them, namely BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca/Oxford), Ad26.COV2-S (J&J), mRNA1273 (Moderna), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm/Beijing), Coronavac (Sinovac), Covaxin (Bharat/ICMR), and NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax), have been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for inclusion in its Emergency Use Listing (EUL). The analysis is based on VaxPaL, a COVID-19 vaccines patent database developed by the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP). Through the detailed examination of patent applicants, filing dates, and offices of first and subsequent filing, the paper identifies patterns and trends of innovation and patenting activities of COVID-19 vaccines in WTO Members, and presents the legal status of the 74 patent families in 105 jurisdictions. This information may provide useful background for policymakers on the significance and potential impact of these patent families with relevance to the access to and production of these vaccines in their individual countries. This, in turn, may help support practical assessments as to potential options within and beyond the current TRIPS framework to promote equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250745
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Manuscript date: 18 January 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper ; ERSD-2022, 01
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; vaccine; patent; whole virus; viral vector; protein subunit; mRNA; filing dates; office of first filing; office of subsequent filing; legal status
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Reflection on the implementation of Decision on Implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement
    incentive for technology transfer to least-developed countries
    Autor*in: Weelde, Jessyca van; Wu, Xiaoping; Chiang, Ting-Wei (Alex); Khazin, Bassam Peter
    Erschienen: 15 December 2023
    Verlag:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, [Geneva]

    Technology transfer is deeply embedded in the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). Several provisions address technology transfer, which constitute an essential part of the efforts made by the... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 122
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    Technology transfer is deeply embedded in the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). Several provisions address technology transfer, which constitute an essential part of the efforts made by the TRIPS negotiators to strike a balance between the advancement of technological innovation and the promotion of transfer and dissemination of technology. Article 66.2 specifically obligates developed country Members to provide incentives to enterprises and institutions in their territories to promote and encourage technology transfer to least-developed country (LDC) Members in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological base. This paper summarizes the WTO TRIPS Council's work on the implementation of Article 66.2 from 2018 to 2020, including the implementation of a reporting mechanism for developed country Members' programmes established by the TRIPS Council and the TRIPS Council's review of the ensuing reports, and annual Workshops convened to enhance practical dialogue on technology transfer under this provision. In particular, it provides an analytical review of 708 programmes broken down into seven categories of technology, namely agriculture and food; environment and climate change; information and communication technology (ICT); public health and pharmaceuticals; intellectual property; business, trade and finance; and education and social sciences. The paper also reports on a survey of LDC Members which identified as priority areas for technology transfer as agriculture and food; environment and climate change; ICT; and public health and pharmaceuticals. The paper concludes by drawing on lessons learned from the past 25 years' experiences and reflecting on prospects for future work.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/280935
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Manuscript date: 13 December 2023
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper ; ERSD-2023, 12
    Schlagworte: technology transfer; LDCs; Article 66.2; TRIPS; incentives; agriculture; environment; public health; ICT; SDGs; knowledge transfer
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Interplay between patents and standards in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector and its relevance to the implementation of the WTO Agreements
    Autor*in: Wu, Xiaoping
    Erschienen: 7 April 2017
    Verlag:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, [Geneva]

    The interplay between patents and standards in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has been intensively debated at international, regional and national levels over the past decades. In essence, the debate is firstly about the... mehr

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    Auswärtiges Amt, Referat 116, Bibliothek, Informationsvermittlung
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    Standort:
    Hochschule Furtwangen University. Informatik, Technik, Wirtschaft, Medien. Campus Furtwangen, Bibliothek
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    eBook WTO
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    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 122 (2017,8)
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    Standort:
    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Mosbach, Bibliothek
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    E-Books WTO
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Ravensburg, Bibliothek
    Signatur:
    E-Book WTO
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    Standort:
    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Stuttgart, Bibliothek
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    eBook WTO
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    The interplay between patents and standards in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has been intensively debated at international, regional and national levels over the past decades. In essence, the debate is firstly about the extent and impact of patent holdup and holdout in the ICT sector, and then about how to eliminate or reduce these practices. While standard setting organizations (SSOs), industry bodies, as well as judicial and administrative authorities have made great efforts to solve the issue of patent holdup and holdout, there is still an ongoing struggle among divergent stakeholders. Patent holdup and holdout directly impacts the innovation and dissemination of patented technology, the harmonization and implementation of standards, and international trade, which are promoted by the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). This working paper provides an overview of the current debate on patent holdup and holdout in the ICT sector, analyses existing policy measures and their limitations, and then highlights the relevance of the WTO to this debate.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/157263
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Manuscript date: 3 April 2017
    Schriftenreihe: WTO working paper ; ERSD-2017, 08
    WTO Working Papers ; no.2017/08
    Schlagworte: Economic research and trade policy analysis; Intellectual property
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)