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  1. The impact of regulation on innovation
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1744 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: Regulierung; Arbeitsrecht; Wirkungsanalyse; Innovation; Forschung; Frankreich; innovation; regulation; patents; firm size
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The Impact of Healthcare IT on Clinical Quality, Productivity and Workers
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Adoption of health information and communication technologies ("HICT") has surged over the past two decades. We survey the medical and economic literature on HICT adoption and its impact on clinical outcomes, productivity and labor. We find that... mehr

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    Adoption of health information and communication technologies ("HICT") has surged over the past two decades. We survey the medical and economic literature on HICT adoption and its impact on clinical outcomes, productivity and labor. We find that HICT improves clinical outcomes and lowers healthcare costs, but (i) the effects are modest so far, (ii) it takes time for these effects to materialize, and (iii) there is much variation in the impact. More evidence on the causal effects of HICT on productivity is needed to guide further adoption. There is little econometric work directly investigating the impact of HICT on labor, but what there is suggests no substantial negative effects on employment and earnings. Overall, while healthcare is "exceptional" in many ways, we are struck by the similarities to the wider findings on ICT and productivity stressing the importance of complementary factors (e.g. management and skills) in determining HICT impacts

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29218
    Schlagworte: Krankenhaus; Informationstechnik; Produktivität; Gesundheitsversorgung; Dienstleistungsqualität; Beschäftigungseffekt
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  3. The impact of healthcare IT on clinical quality, productivity and workers
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1801 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: healthcare; technology; productivity; jobs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Have productivity and pay decoupled in the UK?
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1812 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: pay; productivity; decoupling; labour share; self-employed
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Product market competition, creative destruction and innovation
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1818 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: competition; innovation; creative destruction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  6. The aggregate consequences of default risk
    evidence from firm-level data
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper studies the implications of perceived default risk for aggregate output and productivity. Using a model of credit contracts with moral hazard, we show that a firm's probability of default is a sufficient statistic for capital allocation.... mehr

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    This paper studies the implications of perceived default risk for aggregate output and productivity. Using a model of credit contracts with moral hazard, we show that a firm's probability of default is a sufficient statistic for capital allocation. The theoretical framework suggests an aggregate measure of the impact of credit market frictions based on firm-level probabilities of default which can be applied using data on firm-level employment and default risk. We obtain direct estimates of firm-level default probabilities using Standard and Poor's PD Model to capture the expectations that lenders were forming based on their historical information sets. We implement the method on the UK, an economy that was strongly exposed to the global financial crisis and where we can match default probabilities to administrative data on the population of 1.5 million firms per year. As expected, we find a strong correlation between default risk and a firm's future performance. We estimate that credit frictions (i) cause an output loss of around 28% per year on average; (ii) are much larger for firms with under 250 employees and (iii) that losses are overwhelmingly due to a lower overall capital stock rather than a misallocation of credit across firms with heterogeneous productivity. Further, we find that these losses accounted for over half of the productivity fall between 2008 and 2009, and persisted for smaller (although not larger) firms.

     

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    ISBN: 9789289940689
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2425 (June 2020) / ECB - Lamfalussy Fellowship Programme
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The Impact of Regulation on Innovation
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable endogenous growth model with size-contingent regulations. We apply this to population administrative firm panel data from France,... mehr

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    Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable endogenous growth model with size-contingent regulations. We apply this to population administrative firm panel data from France, where many labor regulations apply to firms with 50 or more employees. Nonparametrically, we find that there is a sharp fall in the fraction of innovating firms just to the left of the regulatory threshold. Further, a dynamic analysis shows a sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5.4% lower due to the regulation, a 2.2% consumption equivalent welfare loss. Four-fifths of this loss is due to lower innovation intensity per firm rather than just a misallocation towards smaller firms and lower entry. We generalize the theory to allow for changes in the direction of R&D, and find that regulation's negative effects only matter for incremental innovation (as measured by citations and text-based measures of novelty). A more regulated economy may have less innovation, but when firms do innovate they tend to "swing for the fence" with more radical (and labor saving) breakthroughs

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28381
    Schlagworte: Regulierung; Arbeitsrecht; Wirkungsanalyse; Innovation; Forschung; Frankreich
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  8. Innovation and human capital policy
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1763 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: innovation; R&D; intellectual property; tax; competition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. A major wave of UK business closures by April 2021?
    the scale of the problem and what can be done
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK

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    Schriftenreihe: Covid-19 analysis series ; no. 016 (January 2021)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The world management survey at 18
    lessons and the way forward
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 21, 029 (March, 2021)
    Schlagworte: Management; Welt; Management Practices; Policy Toolkit; World Management Survey; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Measurement and Metrics; Performance Productivity; Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als: NBER Working Paper No. 28524

  11. The impact of regulation on innovation
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable endogenous growth model with size-contingent regulations. We apply this to population administrative firm panel data from France,... mehr

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    Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable endogenous growth model with size-contingent regulations. We apply this to population administrative firm panel data from France, where many labor regulations apply to firms with 50 or more employees. Nonparametrically, we find that there is a sharp fall in the fraction of innovating firms just to the left of the regulatory threshold. Further, a dynamic analysis shows a sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5.4% lower due to the regulation, a 2.2% consumption equivalent welfare loss. Four-fifths of this loss is due to lower innovation intensity per firm rather than just a misallocation towards smaller firms and lower entry. We generalize the theory to allow for changes in the direction of R&D, and find that regulation's negative effects only matter for incremental innovation (as measured by citations and text-based measures of novelty). A more regulated economy may have less innovation, but when firms do innovate they tend to "swing for the fence" with more radical (and labor saving) breakthroughs.

     

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    hdl: 10419/232834
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14082
    Schlagworte: Regulierung; Arbeitsrecht; Wirkungsanalyse; Innovation; Forschung; Frankreich; innovation; regulation; patents; firm size
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The World Management Survey at 18
    lessons and the way forward
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Understanding how differences in management "best practices" affect organizational outcomes has been a focus of both theoretical and empirical work in the fields of management, sociology, economics and public policy. The World Management Survey (WMS)... mehr

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    Understanding how differences in management "best practices" affect organizational outcomes has been a focus of both theoretical and empirical work in the fields of management, sociology, economics and public policy. The World Management Survey (WMS) project was born almost two decades ago with the main goal of developing a new systematic measure of management practices being used in organizations. The WMS has contributed to a body of knowledge around how managerial structures, not just managerial talent, relates to organizational performance. Over 18 years of research, a set of consistent patterns have emerged and spurred new questions. We will present a brief overview of what we have learned in terms of measuring and understanding management practices and condense the implications of these findings for policy. We end with an outline of what we see as the path forward for both research and policy implications of this research programme

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28524
    Schlagworte: Management; Welt
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  13. Opening up Military Innovation
    Causal Effects of ‘Bottom-Up' Reforms to U.S. Defense Research
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    When investing in research and development (R&D), institutions must decide whether to take a top-down approach -- soliciting a particular technology -- or a bottom-up approach in which innovators suggest ideas. This paper examines a reform to the... mehr

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    When investing in research and development (R&D), institutions must decide whether to take a top-down approach -- soliciting a particular technology -- or a bottom-up approach in which innovators suggest ideas. This paper examines a reform to the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which solicit specific technologies, to "Open topics," which invite firms to suggest any new technology that may be useful to the Air Force. The reform seeks to address challenges facing military R&D, in particular a less innovative defense industrial base. We show that the Open program attracts new entrants, defined as younger firms and those without previous defense SBIR awards. In a regression discontinuity design that offers the first causal evaluation of a defense R&D program, we show that winning an Open award increases future venture capital investment, non-SBIR defense contracting, and patenting. Conventional awards have no effect on these outcomes but do increase the chances of future defense SBIR contracts, fostering incumbency. The bottom-up approach appears to be a mechanism behind Open's success. For example, winning has a positive effect on innovation even in less specific Conventional topics. The results suggest that government (and perhaps private sector) innovation could benefit from more bottom-up, decentralized approaches that reduce barriers to entry, minimize lock-in advantages for incumbents, and attract a wider range of new entrants

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28700
    Schlagworte: Forschung; Innovation; Rüstungsindustrie; Militär; USA
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  14. Opening up military innovation
    causal effects of "bottom-up" reforms to U.S. defense research
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1760 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: Forschung; Innovation; Rüstungsindustrie; Militär; USA; innovation; defense; R&D; procurement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 97 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Innovation and Human Capital Policy
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    If innovation is to be subsidized, a natural place to start is to increase the quantity and quality of human capital. Innovation, after all, begins with people. Simply stimulating the "demand side" through R&D subsidies and tax breaks may only drive... mehr

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    If innovation is to be subsidized, a natural place to start is to increase the quantity and quality of human capital. Innovation, after all, begins with people. Simply stimulating the "demand side" through R&D subsidies and tax breaks may only drive up the price, rather than the volume of research activity. By contrast, increasing the supply of potential inventors can both directly increase innovation and reduce its cost. This paper examines the evidence on human capital policies for stimulating innovation such as expanding the home-grown workforce, fostering immigration, boosting universities and reducing barriers to entry into inventor careers, especially for under-represented groups. The evidence suggests targeting high ability but disadvantaged potential inventors at an early age is likely to have the largest long-run effects on growth

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28713
    Schlagworte: Innovation; Humankapital; Bildungsinvestition; Technologiepolitik
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  16. Come together: firm boundaries and delegation

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    hdl: 2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/270659
    Schriftenreihe: ECARES working paper ; 2018, 11 (May 2018)
    Schlagworte: Unternehmensorganisation; Kooperative Führung; Vertikale Integration
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten)
  17. Managing trade
    evidence from China and the US
    Erschienen: May, 2019
    Verlag:  U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau ; 19, 15 (May, 2019)
    Schlagworte: Exportwirtschaft; Management; Produktivität; Produktqualität; Schätzung; USA; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The intellectual spoils of war?
    defense R&D, productivity and international spillovers
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In the US and many other OECD countries, expenditures for defense-related R&D represent a key policy channel through which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government funding... mehr

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    In the US and many other OECD countries, expenditures for defense-related R&D represent a key policy channel through which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government funding for R&D - and defense-related R&D in particular - on privately conducted R&D, and its ultimate effect on productivity growth. We estimate models that relate privately funded R&D to lagged government-funded R&D using industry-country level data from OECD countries and firm level data from France. To deal with the potentially endogenous allocation of government R&D funds we use changes in predicted defense R&D as an instrumental variable. In both datasets, we uncover evidence of “crowding in” rather than “crowding out,” as increases in governmentfunded R&D for an industry or a firm result in significant increases in private sector R&D in that industry or firm. A 10% increase in government-financed R&D generates 4.3% additional privately funded R&D. An analysis of wages and employment suggests that the increase in private R&D expenditure reflects actual increases in R&D employment, not just higher labor costs. Our estimates imply that some of the existing cross-country differences in private R&D investment are due to cross-country differences in defense R&D expenditures. We also find evidence of international spillovers, as increases in government-funded R&D in a particular industry and country raise private R&D in the same industry in other countries. Finally, we find that increases in private R&D induced by increases in defense R&D result in significant productivity gains.

     

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    hdl: 10419/214962
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 7960 (November 2019)
    Schlagworte: Militärausgaben; Militärforschung; Industrieforschung; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Spillover-Effekt; OECD-Staaten
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. A policy toolkit to increase research and innovation in the European Union
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1832 (February 2022)
    Schlagworte: innovation; R&D; human capital; Europe
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Firms and inequality
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1838 (March 2022)
    Schlagworte: firms inequality; financial crisis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Product market competition, creative destruction and innovation
    Erschienen: 30 November 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16763
    Schlagworte: Competition; Innovation; creative destruction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  22. Do Well Managed Firms Make Better Forecasts?
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We link a new UK management survey covering 8,000 firms to panel data on productivity in manufacturing and services. There is a large variation in management practices, which are highly correlated with productivity, profitability and size. Uniquely,... mehr

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    We link a new UK management survey covering 8,000 firms to panel data on productivity in manufacturing and services. There is a large variation in management practices, which are highly correlated with productivity, profitability and size. Uniquely, the survey collects firms' micro forecasts of their own sales and also macro forecasts of GDP. We find that better managed firms make more accurate micro and macro forecasts, even after controlling for their size, age, industry and many other factors. We also show better managed firms appear aware that their forecasts are more accurate, with lower subjective uncertainty around central values. These stylized facts suggest that one reason for the superior performance of better managed firms is that they knowingly make more accurate forecasts, enabling them to make superior operational and strategic choices

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29591
    Schlagworte: Führungsorganisation; Management; Führungsstil; Meinungsforschung; Frühindikator; Unternehmenserfolg; Betriebsvergleich; Produktivität; Produktionsprozess; Dienstleistung; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  23. Product market competition, creative destruction and innovation
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We examine the economic analysis of the relationship between innovation and product market competition. First, we give a brief tour of the intellectual history of the area. Second, we examine how the Aghion-Howitt framework has influenced the... mehr

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    We examine the economic analysis of the relationship between innovation and product market competition. First, we give a brief tour of the intellectual history of the area. Second, we examine how the Aghion-Howitt framework has influenced the development of the literature theoretically and (especially) empirically, with an emphasis on the “inverted U”: the idea that innovation rises and then eventually falls as the intensity of competition increases. Thirdly, we look at recent applications and development of the framework in the areas of competition policy, international trade and structural Industrial Organization.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/254244
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 43
    Schlagworte: Competition; Innovation; Creative Destruction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. The aggregate consequences of default risk
    evidence from firm-level data
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Schriftenreihe: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2061
    Schlagworte: productivity; default risk; credit frictions; misallocation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Do well managed firms make better forecasts?
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1821 (January 2022)
    Schlagworte: management; productivity; expectations; forecasting
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen