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  1. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure
    a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 565
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    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246813
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 987
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Big pharma and monopoly capitalism: a long-term view
    Autor*in: Dosi, Giovanni; Marengo, Luigi; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Are IPRs institutions meant to foster innovative activities or conversely to secure appropriation and profitability? Taking stock of a long-term empirical evidence on the pharmaceutical sector in the US, we can hardly support IPRs intended as an... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 203
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    Are IPRs institutions meant to foster innovative activities or conversely to secure appropriation and profitability? Taking stock of a long-term empirical evidence on the pharmaceutical sector in the US, we can hardly support IPRs intended as an innovation rewarding institution. According to our analysis, pharma patents have constituted legal barriers to protect intellectual monopolies rather than an incentive and a reward to innovative efforts. Patenting strategies appear to be quite aggressive in extending knowledge borders and enlarging the space protected from the possibility of infringements. This is also witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time. Conversely, the number of patents protecting new drugs approved by the FDA which draw upon government-sponsored research - as such a mark for quality - falls. Firm-level analysis on profitability confirms strong correlation, restricted to listed pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/247295
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 26 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: Intellectual property rights; patents; pharmaceutical industry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and labour-saving robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al., (2022), the... mehr

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    DS 203
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    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and labour-saving robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al., (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259538
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 43 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit... mehr

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250540
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14879
    Schlagworte: labour-saving technology; natural language processes; labour markets; technological unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Back to the past: the historical roots of labour-saving automation
    Autor*in: Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S.~patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 203
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    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S.~patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation heuristics, retrieved via textual content analysis on current robotic technologies by Montobbio et al. (2020), allows to focus on a limited set of CPC codes where mechanisation and automation technologies are more prevalent. We track their time evolution, clustering, eventual emergence of wavy behaviour, and their comovements with long-term GDP growth. Our results challenge both the general-purpose technology approach and the strict 50-year Kondratiev cycle, while provide evidence of the emergence of erratic constellations of heterogeneous technological artefacts, in line with the development-block approach enabled by autocatalytic systems.

     
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243492
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 34 (November 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The role of innovation in industrial dynamics and productivity growth
    a survey of the literature
    Autor*in: Ugur, Mehment; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    We review the theoretical underpinnings and the empirical findings of the literature that investigates the effects of innovation on firm survival and firm productivity, which constitute the two main channels through which innovation drives growth. We... mehr

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    DS 565
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    We review the theoretical underpinnings and the empirical findings of the literature that investigates the effects of innovation on firm survival and firm productivity, which constitute the two main channels through which innovation drives growth. We aim to contribute to the ongoing debate along three paths. First, we discuss the extent to which the theoretical perspectives that inform the empirical models allow for heterogeneity in the effects of R&D/innovation on firm survival and productivity. Secondly, we draw attention to recent modeling and estimation effort that reveals novel sources of heterogeneity, non-linearity and volatility in the gains from R&D/innovation, particularly in terms of its effects on firm survival and productivity. Our third contribution is to link our findings with those from prior reviews to demonstrate how the state of the art is evolving and with what implications for future research.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/223311
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 648
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten)
  7. Trade unions' responses to Industry 4.0 amid corporatism and resistance
    Autor*in: Cirillo, Valeria; Rinaldini, Matteo; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    The aim of this paper is to shed light on the paths, directions, and ensuing degrees of technological adoption fostered by trade unions or, alternatively, forms of resistance thereof, in the so called 'Italian Motor-Valley', a distinctive... mehr

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    The aim of this paper is to shed light on the paths, directions, and ensuing degrees of technological adoption fostered by trade unions or, alternatively, forms of resistance thereof, in the so called 'Italian Motor-Valley', a distinctive technological district located in the outskirts of Bologna, Italy, specialised in the engineering/automotive industry. We find that the introduction of Industry 4.0 technology opens up a new space of action for trade unions in influencing firms' decisions on technological adoption. However, this new scope can have ambiguous effects, depending on how the process is governed. On the one hand, trade unions' involvement in said decisions might end up fostering corporatist tendencies, favouring the alignment of workers' and managers' objectives. On the other hand, such a major involvement can help both recompose old forms of dualism and revitalising workers' role in the crucial issue of work organisation.

     
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/228160
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 21 (August 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The role of innovation in industrial dynamics and productivity growth
    a survey of the literature
    Autor*in: Uğur, Mehmet; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 3 September 2020
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2020, 038
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Innovation, firm survival and productivity: the state of the art
    Autor*in: Uğur, Mehmet; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We review the theoretical underpinnings and the empirical findings of the literature that investigates the effects of innovation on firm survival and firm productivity, which constitute the two main channels through which innovation drives growth. We... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    We review the theoretical underpinnings and the empirical findings of the literature that investigates the effects of innovation on firm survival and firm productivity, which constitute the two main channels through which innovation drives growth. We aim to contribute to the ongoing debate along three paths. First, we discuss the extent to which the theoretical perspectives that inform the empirical models allow for heterogeneity in the effects of R&D/innovation on firm survival and productivity. Secondly, we draw attention to recent modeling and estimation effort that reveals novel sources of heterogeneity, non-linearity and volatility in the gains from R&D/innovation, particularly in terms of its effects on firm survival and productivity. Our third contribution is to link our findings with those from prior reviews to demonstrate how the state of the art is evolving and with what implications for future research.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/227181
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13654
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten)
  10. Back to the past
    the historical roots of labour-saving automation
    Autor*in: Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S. patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 565
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S. patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labour-saving innovations back to early 19th century. The identification of mechanisation/automation heuristics, retrieved via textual content analysis on current robotic technologies by Montobbio et al. (2020), allows to focus on a limited set of CPC codes where mechanisation and automation technologies are more prevalent. We track their time evolution, clustering, eventual emergence of wavy behaviour, and their comovements with long-term GDP growth. Our results challenge both the general-purpose technology approach and the strict 50-year Kondratiev cycle, while provide evidence of the emergence of erratic constellations of heterogeneous technological artefacts, in line with the developmentblock approach enabled by autocatalytic systems.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/226370
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 721
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Robots and the origin of their labour-saving impact
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 692
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2020, 007
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The productivity impact of business visits across industries
    Autor*in: Piva, Mariacristina; Tani, Massimiliano; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 6 March 2020
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 692
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2020, 011
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The present, past, and future of labor-saving technologies
    Autor*in: Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    The present chapter provides a historical reappraisal of labor-saving technologies. It reviews and systematizes theoretical contributions and empirical findings documenting the presence of labor- and time-saving heuristics in innovative efforts back... mehr

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    The present chapter provides a historical reappraisal of labor-saving technologies. It reviews and systematizes theoretical contributions and empirical findings documenting the presence of labor- and time-saving heuristics in innovative efforts back since the First Industrial Revolution. More in detail, with the help of various patent analyses, the chapter documents the presence of labor-saving heuristics in the latest wave of technological innovation, detecting the human functions substituted by the underlying technologies. Against a reductionist approach conceiving robots as the only threat for labor displacement, it shall be argued that labor-saving technologies consist of a complex and heterogeneous bundle of innovations uncovering a much wider set of artifacts and functions. Motivated by the recurrent debate on the threats of automation occurring in the last couple of centuries, evidence is provided on the existence of long waves and clusters in relevant innovations, discussing how the overall cluster of labor-saving technologies consists of heterogeneous and often independent innovations following remarkably different time-trajectories. The chapter closes with an outline of potential future trends in labor-saving technologies and room for policy actions.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243495
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 37 (December 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Robots, AI, and related technologies: a mapping of the new knowledge base
    Autor*in: Santarelli, Enrico; Staccioli, Jacopo; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this papers aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies.... mehr

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    Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this papers aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies. These technologies will be investigated both as a whole and distinguishing core and related innovations, along a 4-level core-periphery architecture. Merging patent applications with the Orbis IP firm-level database will allow us to put forward a threefold analysis based on industry of activity, geographic location, and firm productivity. In a nutshell, results show that: (i) rather than representing a technological revolution, the new knowledge base is strictly linked to the previous technological paradigm; (ii) the new knowledge base is characterised by a considerable - but not impressively widespread - degree of pervasiveness; (iii) robotics and AI are strictly related, converging (particularly among the related technologies) and jointly shaping a new knowledge base that should be considered as a whole, rather than consisting of two separate GPTs; (iv) the U.S. technological leadership turns out to be confirmed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243497
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 01 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: Robotics; Artificial Intelligence; General Purpose Technology; Technological Paradigm; Industry 4.0; Patents full-text
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Will the AI revolution be labour-friendly?
    some micro evidence from the supply side
    Autor*in: Damioli, G.; Van Roy, Vincent; Vertesy, Daniel; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 20 April 2021
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2021, 016
    Schlagworte: Innovation; technological change; patents; employment; job-creation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. May AI revolution be labour-friendly?
    some micro evidence from the supply side
    Autor*in: Damioli, Giacomo; Van Roy, Vincent; Vertesy, Daniel; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study investigates the possible job-creation impact of AI technologies, focusing on the supply side, namely the providers of the new knowledge base. The empirical analysis is based on a worldwide longitudinal dataset of 3,500 front-runner... mehr

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    This study investigates the possible job-creation impact of AI technologies, focusing on the supply side, namely the providers of the new knowledge base. The empirical analysis is based on a worldwide longitudinal dataset of 3,500 front-runner companies that patented the relevant technologies over the period 2000-2016. Obtained from GMM-SYS estimates, our results show a positive and significant impact of AI patent families on employment, supporting the labourfriendly nature of product innovation in the AI supply industries. However, this effect is small in magnitude and limited to service sectors and younger firms, which are the leading actors of the AI revolution. Finally, some evidence of increasing returns seems to emerge; indeed, the innovative companies which are more focused on AI technologies are those obtaining the larger impacts in terms of job creation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233078
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 823
    Schlagworte: Innovation; technological change; patents; employment; job-creation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. An agent-based model of intra-day financial markets dynamics
    Autor*in: Staccioli, Jacopo; Napoletano, Mauro
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  OFCE, Paris, France

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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Sciences Po OFCE working paper ; no 2018, 34
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. R&D and productivity
    testing sectoral peculiarities using micro data
    Autor*in: Ortega-Argilés, Raquel; Potters, Lesley; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2009]
    Verlag:  Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg

    The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between a firm's R&D activities and its productivity using a unique micro data panel dataset and looking at sectoral peculiarities which may emerge; more specifically, we used an unbalanced... mehr

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    The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between a firm's R&D activities and its productivity using a unique micro data panel dataset and looking at sectoral peculiarities which may emerge; more specifically, we used an unbalanced longitudinal database consisting of 532 top European R&D investors over the sixyear period 20002005. Our main findings can be summarised along the following lines: knowledge stock has a significant positive impact on a firm's productivity, with an overall elasticity of about 0.125; this general result is largely consistent with previous literature in terms of the sign, the significance and the estimated magnitude of the relevant coefficient. More interestingly, the coefficient increases monotonically when we move from the lowtech to the mediumhigh and hightech sectors, ranging from a minimum of 0.05/0.07 to a maximum of 0.16/0.18. This outcome, in contrast with recentlyrenewed acceptance of lowtech sectors as a preferred target of R&D investment, suggests that firms in hightech sectors are still far ahead in terms of the impact on productivity of their R&D investments, at least as regards top European R&D investors.

     
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    hdl: 10419/202104
    Schriftenreihe: IPTS working paper on corporate r&d and innovation ; no. 2009, 03
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Is corporate R&D investment in high-tech sectors more effective?
    some guidelines for European Research Policy
    Autor*in: Ortega-Argilés, Raquel; Piva, Mariacritina; Potters, Lesley; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2009]
    Verlag:  Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg

    This paper discusses the link between R&D and productivity across the European industrial and service sectors. The empirical analysis is based on both the European sectoral OECD data over the period 1987-2002 and on a unique micro longitudinal... mehr

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    This paper discusses the link between R&D and productivity across the European industrial and service sectors. The empirical analysis is based on both the European sectoral OECD data over the period 1987-2002 and on a unique micro longitudinal database consisting of 532 top European R&D investors over the sixyear period 2000-2005. The main conclusions are as follows. First, the R&D stock has a significant positive impact on labour productivity; this general result is largely consistent with previous literature in terms of the sign, the significance and the magnitude of the estimated coefficients. More interestingly − both at sectoral and firm levels the R&D coefficient increases monotonically (both in significance and magnitude) when we move from the lowtech to the medium and hightech sectors. This outcome means that corporate R&D investment is more effective in the hightech sectors and this may need to be taken into account when designing policy instruments (subsidies, fiscal incentives, etc.) in support of private R&D. However, R&D investment is not the sole source of productivity gains; technological change embodied in gross investment is of comparable importance on aggregate and it is the main determinant of the productivity increase in the lowtech sectors. Hence, an economic policy aiming to increase productivity in the lowtech sectors should support the overall capital formation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/202110
    Schriftenreihe: IPTS working paper on corporate r&d and innovation ; no. 2009, 09
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  20. Embodied and disembodied technological change
    the sectoral patterns of job-creation and job-destruction
    Autor*in: Dosi, Giovanni; Piva, Mariacristina; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2019, 020
    Schlagworte: Innovation; disembodied and capital-embodied technological change; employment; jobcreation; job-destruction; sectoral interdependencies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The productivity impact of business mobility
    international evidence
    Autor*in: Piva, Mariacristina; Tani, Massimiliano; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    The aim of this paper is to investigate the productivity impact of business visits, relative to traditional drivers of productivity enhancement, namely capital formation and R&D. To carry out the analysis, we combine unique and novel data on business... mehr

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    The aim of this paper is to investigate the productivity impact of business visits, relative to traditional drivers of productivity enhancement, namely capital formation and R&D. To carry out the analysis, we combine unique and novel data on business visits sourced from the U.S. National Business Travel Association with OECD data on R&D and capital formation. The resulting unbalanced panel covers on average 16 sectors per year in 10 countries during the period 1998-2011 (2,262 observations). Our results suggest that mobility through business visits is an effective mechanism to improve productivity. The estimated effect is about half as large as investing in R&D, supporting viewing business visits as a form of long-term investment rather than pure consumption expenditure. In a nutshell, our outcomes support the need to recognize the private and social value of business mobility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/155276
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 14
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  22. Globalization, technological change and skills
    evidence from Ethiopia
    Autor*in: Haile, Getinet Astatike; Srour, Ilina; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    There is a dearth of research on the impact of technological change over employment in least developed countries (LDCs) embarking on globalization and consequent international technological transfer. Using a panel of 1,940 Ethiopian firms over the... mehr

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    There is a dearth of research on the impact of technological change over employment in least developed countries (LDCs) embarking on globalization and consequent international technological transfer. Using a panel of 1,940 Ethiopian firms over the period 1996-2004 and deploying GMMSYS estimates, this paper aims to establish the role played by trade, FDI and technology in affecting employment and skills. The results obtained lend support to a labour-augmenting effect. Moreover, the implemented two-equation dynamic framework provides evidence of a skill-bias specific to those enterprises with higher share of foreign ownership and located in the vicinity of the capital city.

     
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    hdl: 10419/155278
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 16
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  23. R&D expenditures and employment
    evidence from Europe
    Autor*in: Piva, Mariacristina; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    Using a unique firm-level database comprising the top European R&D investors over the period 2002-2013 and running LSDVC estimates, this study finds a significant labourfriendly impact of R&D expenditures. However, this positive employment effect... mehr

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    Using a unique firm-level database comprising the top European R&D investors over the period 2002-2013 and running LSDVC estimates, this study finds a significant labourfriendly impact of R&D expenditures. However, this positive employment effect appears limited in magnitude and entirely due to the medium-and high-tech sectors, while no effect can be detected in the low-tech industries. From a policy point of view, this outcome is supporting the EU2020 strategy, but - taking into account that most of European economies are specialized in low-tech activities - is also worrying in terms of future perspectives of the European labour market.

     
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    hdl: 10419/155280
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 18
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  24. Demand and innovation
    theory and evidence
    Autor*in: Dawid, Herbert; Pellegrino, Gabriele; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    While the extant innovation literature has provided extensive evidence of the so-called "demand-pull" effect, the possible diverse impact of demand evolution on product vs process innovation activities has not been yet investigated. This paper... mehr

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    While the extant innovation literature has provided extensive evidence of the so-called "demand-pull" effect, the possible diverse impact of demand evolution on product vs process innovation activities has not been yet investigated. This paper develops a formal model predicting a larger inducing impact of past sales in fostering product rather than process innovation. This prediction is then tested through a dynamic microeconometric model, controlling for R&D persistence, sample selection, observed and unobservable individual firm effects and time and sectoral peculiarities. Results are consistent with the model and suggest that an expansionary economic policy may benefit the diffusion of new products or even the emergence of entire new sectors.

     
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    hdl: 10419/163001
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 92
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  25. Testing the employment impact of automation, robots and AI
    a survey and some methodological issues
    Autor*in: Barbieri, Laura; Mussida, Chiara; Piva, Mariacristina; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: September 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The present technological revolution, characterized by the pervasive and growing presence of robots, automation, Artificial Intelligence and machine learning, is going to transform societies and economic systems. However, this is not the first... mehr

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    The present technological revolution, characterized by the pervasive and growing presence of robots, automation, Artificial Intelligence and machine learning, is going to transform societies and economic systems. However, this is not the first technological revolution humankind has been facing, but it is probably the very first one with such an accelerated diffusion pace involving all the industrial sectors. Studying its mechanisms and consequences (will the world turn into a jobless society or not?), mainly considering the labor market dynamics, is a crucial matter. This paper aims at providing an updated picture of main empirical evidence on the relationship between new technologies and employment both in terms of overall consequences on the number of employees, tasks required, and wage/inequality effect.

     
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    hdl: 10419/207437
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12612
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen