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  1. High and dry
    stranded natural gas reserves and fiscal revenues in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Autor*in: Welsby, Dan; Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar; Pye, Steve; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Sector, [Washington, DC]

    The global low-carbon energy transition driven by technological change and government plans to comply with the Paris Agreement makes future gas demand, prices, and associated public revenues uncertain. We assess the prospects for natural gas... mehr

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    The global low-carbon energy transition driven by technological change and government plans to comply with the Paris Agreement makes future gas demand, prices, and associated public revenues uncertain. We assess the prospects for natural gas production and public revenues from royalties and taxation of gas production in Latin American and the Caribbean under different levels of climate policy. We derive demand from a global energy model, and supply from a global natural gas field model and a global oil field model - for associated gas. We find that natural gas production and associated public revenue are strongly impacted by decarbonization efforts. The more stringent climate policy is, the lower the production of natural gas. Exporting natural gas from Latin America and the Caribbean does not help the rest of the world reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In scenarios consistent with limiting global warming well-below 2°C, incumbent producers and natural gas associated with oil dominate production, drastically limiting opportunities for new gas production in the region and increasing the amount of gas left in the ground. Reduced demand for gas produced from Latin America and the Caribbean is mainly driven by falling demand in the region itself, as energy demand in buildings, industry, and transportation shift towards electricity produced from zero-carbon sources. Cumulative public revenues from natural gas extraction by 2035 range between 42 and 200 billion USD. The lower end of the range reflects scenarios consistent with below 2°C warming. In this case, up to 50% of proven, probable, and possible (3P) reserves in the region (excluding Venezuela) remain unburnable – the paper provides estimates by country. Our findings confirm that governments cannot rely on revenues from gas extraction if the objectives of the Paris Agreement are to be met. Instead, they need to diversify their fiscal and export strategy away from dependence on gas production. More generally, climate objectives, energy policies and fiscal strategies need to be consistent.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252347
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01197
    Schlagworte: Erdgasgewinnung; Öffentliche Einnahmen; Klimapolitik; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Net-zero deep decarbonization pathways in Latin America
    challenges and opportunities
    Autor*in: Bataille, Christopher; Waisman, Henri; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Jaramillo, Marcela; Delgado, Ricardo; Argüello, Ricardo; Clarke, Leon; Wild, Thomas; Lallana, Francisco; Bravo, Gonzalo; LeTreut, Gaëlle; Nadal, Gustavo; Godinez, Guido; Quirós-Tortós, Jairo; Pereira, Eunice; Howells, Mark; Buira, Daniel; Tovilla, Jordi; Farbes, Jamil; Ryan, Jones; Torre Ugarte, Daniel G. de la; Collado, Mauricio; Requejo, Fernando; Gomez, Ximena; Soria, Rafael; Villamar, Daniel; Rochedo, Pedro; Imperio, Mariana; Briand, Yann; Svensson, Johannes
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Climate Change Division, [Washington, DC]

    This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDPLAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to... mehr

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    This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDPLAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to 2050 compatible with the Paris Agreement objectives and domestic development priorities in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru. The first five countries analysed in detail the energy system and agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU) at a high level, while Peru focussed on a detailed analysis of AFOLU given its predominance in its GHG emissions. While economy-wide results were produced, this paper focuses on the electricity, passenger transport, and AFOLU results because of their current emissions, potential to grow, and identification of successful strategies for decarbonization (e.g. switching to clean electricity and switching to other net- zero fuels across the economy; urban planning, mode shifting, and electrification in passenger transport; and intensive sustainable agriculture, assignment of land use rights and their enforcement and afforestation in AFOLU). It also highlights where significant emissions remain in 2050, notably in industry, AFOLU, freight, and oil and gas production, all areas for future research. It also derives insights for the design of domestic policy packages and identifies priorities for international cooperation. This analysis provides critical information for Long-Term Strategies, Nationally Determined Contributions and Global Stocktaking in the context of the Paris Agreement.

     
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    hdl: 10419/234719
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01157
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Rutas de descarbonización profunda en América Latina
    desafíos y oportunidades
    Autor*in: Bataille, Christopher; Waisman, Henri; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Jaramillo, Marcela; Delgado, Ricardo; Argüello, Ricardo; Clarke, Leon; Wild, Thomas; Lallana, Francisco; Bravo, Gonzalo; LeTreut, Gaëlle; Nadal, Gustavo; Godinez, Guido; Quirós-Tortós, Jairo; Pereira, Eunice; Howells, Mark; Buira, Daniel; Tovilla, Jordi; Farbes, Jamil; Ryan, Jones; Torre Ugarte, Daniel G. de la; Collado, Mauricio; Requejo, Fernando; Gomez, Ximena; Soria, Rafael; Villamar, Daniel; Rochedo, Pedro; Imperio, Mariana; Briand, Yann; Svensson, Johannes
    Erschienen: septiembre
    Verlag:  Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, División de Cambio Climático, [Washington, DC]

    This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDPLAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to... mehr

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    This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDPLAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to 2050 compatible with the Paris Agreement objectives and domestic development priorities in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru. The first five countries analysed in detail the energy system and agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU) at a high level, while Peru focussed on a detailed analysis of AFOLU given its predominance in its GHG emissions. While economy-wide results were produced, this paper focuses on the electricity, passenger transport, and AFOLU results because of their current emissions, potential to grow, and identification of successful strategies for decarbonization (e.g. switching to clean electricity and switching to other net- zero fuels across the economy; urban planning, mode shifting, and electrification in passenger transport; and intensive sustainable agriculture, assignment of land use rights and their enforcement and afforestation in AFOLU). It also highlights where significant emissions remain in 2050, notably in industry, AFOLU, freight, and oil and gas production, all areas for future research. It also derives insights for the design of domestic policy packages and identifies priorities for international cooperation. This analysis provides critical information for Long-Term Strategies, Nationally Determined Contributions and Global Stocktaking in the context of the Paris Agreement.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/234720
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01157
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Phasing out plastics
    Autor*in: Scott, Andrew; Pickard, Sam; Sharp, Samuel; Becqué, Renilde
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  ODI, London

    Plastics today feature in every part of our lives and are found everywhere. The global realisation that plastics are an environmental problem has focused on plastic waste and pollution, but plastics are also problematic in terms of the global climate... mehr

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    Plastics today feature in every part of our lives and are found everywhere. The global realisation that plastics are an environmental problem has focused on plastic waste and pollution, but plastics are also problematic in terms of the global climate emergency, because almost all plastics today are made from fossil fuels. By 2050, on current trends, greenhouse gas emissions from plastics will increase threefold and could account for as much as 20% of total oil consumption. To achieve net zero emissions globally by 2050, it is critical that the plastics sector reduce its emissions to zero by that date. Building on recent literature about plastics and climate change, this report explores the potential for extensive emission reductions in the plastics sector. Using a scenario approach, we present an assessment of the technical feasibility of phasing out the production of new fossil plastics by 2050, based on detailed analysis of the potential to transform the use of plastics in four sectors - automotive, construction, packaging and electrical and electronic equipment.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/233930
    Schriftenreihe: Report / ODI
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Implications of geoengineering for developing countries
    Autor*in: Nassiry, Darius; Pickard, Sam; Scott, Andrew
    Erschienen: November 2017
    Verlag:  Overseas Development Institute, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Overseas Development Institute ; 524
    Schlagworte: Geoengineering; Wirkungsanalyse; Governance-Ansatz; Entwicklungsländer
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. How solar household systems contribute to resilience
    Autor*in: Scott, Andrew; Worrall, Leah; Hörnberg, Jesper; To, Long Seng
    Erschienen: December 2017
    Verlag:  Overseas Development Institute, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Overseas Development Institute ; 528
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Cash transfers for pro-poor carbon taxes in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Autor*in: Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Walsh, Brian; Feng, Kuishuang; Di Capua, Laura; Liu, Yu; Zuluaga, Daniela; Robles, Marcos; Hubaceck, Klaus
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), [Washington, DC]

    Carbon taxes are advocated as efficient fiscal and environmental policies, but they have proven difficult to implement. One reason is that carbon taxes can aggravate poverty by increasing prices of basic goods and services such as food, heating, and... mehr

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    Carbon taxes are advocated as efficient fiscal and environmental policies, but they have proven difficult to implement. One reason is that carbon taxes can aggravate poverty by increasing prices of basic goods and services such as food, heating, and commuting. Meanwhile, cash transfer programs have been established as some of the most efficient poverty-reducing policies used in developing countries. Here, we quantify how governments can mitigate negative social consequences of carbon taxes by expanding the beneficiary base or the amounts disbursed with existing cash transfer programs. We focus on Latin America and the Caribbean, a region that has pioneered cash transfer programs, which aspires to contribute to climate mitigation, and faces inequality. We find that 30% of carbon revenues could suffice to compensate poor and vulnerable households on average, leaving 70% to fund other political priorities. We also quantify tradeoffs for governments choosing who and how much to compensate.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/208195
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no. IDB-WP-1046
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Uso de transferencias monetarias para eliminar el impacto sobre la pobreza de un impuesto al carbono
    simulaciones para América Latina y el Caribe
    Autor*in: Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Walsh, Brian; Feng, Kuishuang; Di Capua, Laura; Liu, Yu; Zuluaga, Daniela; Robles, Marcos; Hubaceck, Klaus
    Erschienen: octubre 2019
    Verlag:  Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, [Washington, DC]

    Carbon taxes are advocated as efficient fiscal and environmental policies, but they have proven difficult to implement. One reason is that carbon taxes can aggravate poverty by increasing prices of basic goods and services such as food, heating, and... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 144
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    Carbon taxes are advocated as efficient fiscal and environmental policies, but they have proven difficult to implement. One reason is that carbon taxes can aggravate poverty by increasing prices of basic goods and services such as food, heating, and commuting. Meanwhile, cash transfer programs have been established as some of the most efficient poverty-reducing policies used in developing countries. Here, we quantify how governments can mitigate negative social consequences of carbon taxes by expanding the beneficiary base or the amounts disbursed with existing cash transfer programs. We focus on Latin America and the Caribbean, a region that has pioneered cash transfer programs, which aspires to contribute to climate mitigation, and faces inequality. We find that 30% of carbon revenues could suffice to compensate poor and vulnerable households on average, leaving 70% to fund other political priorities. We also quantify tradeoffs for governments choosing who and how much to compensate.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/208196
    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo del BID ; no. IDB-WP-1046
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The James Joyce BBC radio drama collection
    Autor*in: Joyce, James; Bowker, Gordon
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Penguin Random House, [England]

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    Stadtbibliothek Bremen, Zentralbibliothek
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    Englisch CD SG Joyc
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    2020 M 0003
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  10. The Rise of Age-Friendly Jobs
    Autor*in: Acemoglu, Daron; Mühlbach, Nicolaj Søndergaard; Scott, Andrew
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    In 1990, one in five U.S. workers were aged over 50 years whereas today it is one in three. One possible explanation for this is that occupations have become more accommodating to the preferences of older workers. We explore this by constructing an... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    In 1990, one in five U.S. workers were aged over 50 years whereas today it is one in three. One possible explanation for this is that occupations have become more accommodating to the preferences of older workers. We explore this by constructing an "age-friendliness" index for occupations. We use Natural Language Processing to measure the degree of overlap between textual descriptions of occupations and characteristics which define age friendliness. Our index provides an approximation to rankings produced by survey participants and has predictive power for the occupational share of older workers. We find that between 1990 and 2020 around three quarters of occupations have seen their age-friendliness increase and employment in above-average age-friendly occupations has risen by 49 million. However, older workers have not benefited disproportionately from this rise, with substantial gains going to younger females and college graduates and with male non-college educated workers losing out the most. These findings point to the need to frame the rise of age-friendly jobs in the context of other labour market trends and imperfections. Purely age-based policies are insufficient given both heterogeneity amongst older workers as well as similarities between groups of older and younger workers. The latter is especially apparent in the overlapping appeal of specific occupational characteristics

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30463
    Schlagworte: Ältere Arbeitskräfte; Arbeitsbedingungen; USA; Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity; Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts; Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  11. Funding the Great War and the beginning of the end for British hegemony
    Autor*in: Ellison, Martin; Sargent, Thomas J.; Scott, Andrew
    Erschienen: 10 July 2019
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP13848
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. ¿Pueden las transferencias del gobierno hacer que la reforma de las subsidies energeticos sea socialmente aceptable?
    un estudio de caso sobre Ecuador
    Autor*in: Schaffitzel, Filip; Jakob, Michael; Soria, Rafael; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Ward, Hauke
    Erschienen: julio 2019
    Verlag:  Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, [Washington, DC]

    Energy subsidies account for about 7% of Ecuador's yearly public spending, or two thirds of the fiscal deficit. Removing these subsidies would yield clear economic and environmental benefits and help implement climate targets set in the Paris... mehr

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    Energy subsidies account for about 7% of Ecuador's yearly public spending, or two thirds of the fiscal deficit. Removing these subsidies would yield clear economic and environmental benefits and help implement climate targets set in the Paris Agreement. However, expected adverse effects on vulnerable households can make reforms politically difficult. To inform policy design, we use household survey data from Ecuador in combination with augmented input-output data to assess the distributional impacts of energy subsidy reform. We find that in absolute terms energy subsidies benefit richer households more than poor ones. Relative to household income, subsidy removal without compensation would be regressive for diesel and LPG, progressive for gasoline, and approximately neutral for electricity. We then analyze how a fraction of financial resources freed up by subsidy reform could be used to mitigate income losses for poor households by means of in-kind and in-cash revenue recycling schemes. Our results indicate that removing all energy subsidies and increasing the existing social protection program, Bono de Desarrollo Humano, by nearly US$ 50 per month would confer net benefits of almost 10% of their current income to the poorest quintile. In addition, more than 1.3 billion US$ would still be available for the public budget after the reform. Finally, we conduct expert interviews to evaluate the political and institutional challenges related to energy subsidy reform. We identify two combinations of reform options and recycling schemes that would benefit the poorest 40% of households and are deemed to be feasible: eliminating subsidies on gasoline while increasing the amount transferred to vulnerable households through the Bono de Desarrollo Humano and replacing universal LPG subsidies with targeted LPG vouchers.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/234655
    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo del BID ; no. IDB-WP-1026
    Schlagworte: Energiesubstitution; Reform; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Gutscheinsystem; Wirkungsanalyse; Ecuador
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Managing the UK national debt 1694-2017
    Autor*in: Ellison, Martin; Scott, Andrew
    Erschienen: [2017]
    Verlag:  CFM, Centre for Macroeconomics, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CFM discussion paper series ; CFM-DP 2017, 27 (September 2017)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Planificación de infraestructura hídrica para el futuro incierto en América Latina
    un enfoque eficiente en costos y tiempo para tomar decisiones robustas de infraestructura, con un estudio de caso en Mendoza, Argentina
    Autor*in: Groves, David G.; Miro, Michelle E.; Syme, James; Becerra-Ornelas, Alejandro U.; Molina-Pérez, Edmundo; Saavedra Gómez, Valentina; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: febrero 2021
    Verlag:  Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, División de Cambio Climático, [Washington, DC]

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237457
    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo del BID ; no IDB-WP-01162
    Schlagworte: Wasserversorgung; Infrastrukturpolitik; Entscheidungstheorie; Mendoza (Argentinien, Stadt); Lateinamerika
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Fickle investors
    an impediment to growth?
    Autor*in: Scott, Andrew; Uhlig, Harald F.
    Erschienen: 1999

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Druck
    ISBN: 0753012650
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 415
    Schlagworte: Kapitalmobilität; Portfolio-Investition; Endogenes Wachstumsmodell; Partielles Gleichgewicht; Theorie
    Umfang: 28, [2] S. : graph. Darst
  16. Sticky prices and volatile output
    or when is a Phillips curve not a Phillips curve?
    Autor*in: Ellison, Martin; Scott, Andrew
    Erschienen: 1998

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    ISBN: 0753012294
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; 396
    Schlagworte: Konjunktur; Stochastisches Wachstumsmodell; Cash-in-Advance-Restriktion; Phillips-Kurve; Preisrigidität; Schätzung; Theorie; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 23 S, graph. Darst
  17. Can government transfers make energy subsidy reform socially acceptable?
    a case study on Ecuador
    Autor*in: Schaffitzel, Filip; Jakob, Michael; Soria, Rafael; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Ward, Hauke
    Erschienen: June 2019
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), [Washington, DC]

    Energy subsidies account for about 7% of Ecuador’s yearly public spending, or two thirds of the fiscal deficit. Removing these subsidies would yield clear economic and environmental benefits and help implement climate targets set in the Paris... mehr

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    Energy subsidies account for about 7% of Ecuador’s yearly public spending, or two thirds of the fiscal deficit. Removing these subsidies would yield clear economic and environmental benefits and help implement climate targets set in the Paris Agreement. However, expected adverse effects on vulnerable households can make reforms politically difficult. To inform policy design, we use household survey data from Ecuador in combination with augmented input-output data to assess the distributional impacts of energy subsidy reform. We find that in absolute terms energy subsidies benefit richer households more than poor ones. Relative to household income, subsidy removal without compensation would be regressive for diesel and LPG, progressive for gasoline, and approximately neutral for electricity. We then analyze how a fraction of financial resources freed up by subsidy reform could be used to mitigate income losses for poor households by means of in-kind and in-cash revenue recycling schemes. Our results indicate that removing all energy subsidies and increasing the existing social protection program, Bono de Desarrollo Humano, by nearly US$ 50 per month would confer net benefits of almost 10% of their current income to the poorest quintile. In addition, more than 1.3 billion US$ would still be available for the public budget after the reform. Finally, we conduct expert interviews to evaluate the political and institutional challenges related to energy subsidy reform. We identify two combinations of reform options and recycling schemes that would benefit the poorest 40% of households and are deemed to be feasible: eliminating subsidies on gasoline while increasing the amount transferred to vulnerable households through the Bono de Desarrollo Humano and replacing universal LPG subsidies with targeted LPG vouchers.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/208187
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no. IDB-WP-1026
    Schlagworte: Energiesubstitution; Wirtschaftsreform; Verteilungswirkung; Ecuador
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Cash transfers in the context of carbon pricing reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Autor*in: Missbach, Leonard; Steckel, Jan Christoph; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist, [Washington, DC]

    One reason carbon prices are difficult to implement is that they might imply high additional costs on poor and vulnerable households. In response, studies often highlight that recycling revenues through cash transfers can render carbon pricing... mehr

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    One reason carbon prices are difficult to implement is that they might imply high additional costs on poor and vulnerable households. In response, studies often highlight that recycling revenues through cash transfers can render carbon pricing reforms progressive. This neglects that existing cash transfer programs target households from low-income groups often imperfectly and that impacts of a carbon price are heterogeneous within income groups. In this study we analyze the role of existing cash transfer schemes to alleviate distributional effects of carbon pricing in 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries. We find carbon pricing to be regressive in 11 countries, progressive in 5, and show that differences within income groups exceed differences between them. Beyond total household expenditures, car ownership and cooking fuel explain the variance in carbon pricing impacts. We show that households who are most affected by carbon pricing, some of them poor, do not necessarily have access to existing cash transfer programs. Governments aiming to compensate households may broaden coverage of existing cash transfer programs or consider complementing instruments such as in-kind transfers or removing existing distortionary taxes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/289977
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-1404
    Schlagworte: Carbon Pricing; Climate Mitigation; Energy Poverty; Social Acceptability; Tax Incidence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Transferencias monetarias en el contexto de reformas de fijación de precios del carbono en América Latina y el Caribe
    Autor*in: Missbach, Leonard; Steckel, Jan Christoph; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: diciembre 2022
    Verlag:  Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Departamento de Países del Grupo Andino, [Washington, DC]

    One reason carbon prices are difficult to implement is that they might imply high additional costs on poor and vulnerable households. In response, studies often highlight that recycling revenues through cash transfers can render carbon pricing... mehr

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    One reason carbon prices are difficult to implement is that they might imply high additional costs on poor and vulnerable households. In response, studies often highlight that recycling revenues through cash transfers can render carbon pricing reforms progressive. This neglects that existing cash transfer programs target households from low-income groups often imperfectly and that impacts of a carbon price are heterogeneous within income groups. In this study we analyze the role of existing cash transfer schemes to alleviate distributional effects of carbon pricing in 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries. We find carbon pricing to be regressive in 11 countries, progressive in 5, and show that differences within income groups exceed differences between them. Beyond total household expenditures, car ownership and cooking fuel explain the variance in carbon pricing impacts. We show that households who are most affected by carbon pricing, some of them poor, do not necessarily have access to existing cash transfer programs. Governments aiming to compensate households may broaden coverage of existing cash transfer programs or consider complementing instruments such as in-kind transfers or removing existing distortionary taxes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/289978
    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo del BID ; no IDB-WP-01404
    Schlagworte: Fijación de precios del carbono; mitigación del cambio climático; pobreza energética;aceptabilidad social; incidencia tributaria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Políticas de comercio internacional relacionadas con el clima
    evaluación de los impactos en Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú
    Autor*in: Cosbey, Aaron; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: Agosto 2023
    Verlag:  Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Sector de Cambio Climático y Desarrollo Sostenible, [Washington, DC]

    There is a growing wave of concern for the embodied carbon in traded goods. One manifestation of that concern is large economies such as the USA and the European Union enacting climate-related trade measures, including border carbon adjustment. This... mehr

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    There is a growing wave of concern for the embodied carbon in traded goods. One manifestation of that concern is large economies such as the USA and the European Union enacting climate-related trade measures, including border carbon adjustment. This paper reviews more than ten climate-related trade measures that are currently enacted or under discussion globally and five initiatives from large companies to source low-carbon inputs. It then assesses Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru's vulnerability to trade restrictions, based on estimated greenhouse gas intensity of their exported goods (using an input-output analysis) relative to other global producers, and an exposure analysis that assesses the likelihood that current importers of these products might implement climate-related trade measures. Finally, it reviews existing scenarios of global oil, natural gas and coal demand, and asks what they mean for fossil fuel exports from these countries. Agricultural goods stand out as vulnerable, as they are the main driver of deforestation and associated emissions. The most serious threat is the vulnerability of fossil fuel exports, primarily crude oil and gas, which dominate the four countries' current exports. The paper exposes recommendations in terms of diversifying the economy away from fossil fuels and preparing exporters to comply with emerging climate-related trade restrictions.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo del BID ; no IDB-WP-01503
    Schlagworte: Trade Policy; Climate Policy; Input-Output Analysis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Climate-related trade measures
    assessing impacts for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
    Autor*in: Cosbey, Aaron; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Climate Change Division, [Washington, DC]

    There is a growing wave of concern for the embodied carbon in traded goods. One manifestation of that concern is large economies such as the USA and the European Union enacting climate-related trade measures, including border carbon adjustment. This... mehr

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    There is a growing wave of concern for the embodied carbon in traded goods. One manifestation of that concern is large economies such as the USA and the European Union enacting climate-related trade measures, including border carbon adjustment. This paper reviews more than ten climate-related trade measures that are currently enacted or under discussion globally and five initiatives from large companies to source low-carbon inputs. It then assesses Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru's vulnerability to trade restrictions, based on estimated greenhouse gas intensity of their exported goods (using an input-output analysis) relative to other global producers, and an exposure analysis that assesses the likelihood that current importers of these products might implement climate-related trade measures. Finally, it reviews existing scenarios of global oil, natural gas and coal demand, and asks what they mean for fossil fuel exports from these countries. Agricultural goods stand out as vulnerable, as they are the main driver of deforestation and associated emissions. The most serious threat is the vulnerability of fossil fuel exports, primarily crude oil and gas, which dominate the four countries' current exports. The paper exposes recommendations in terms of diversifying the economy away from fossil fuels and preparing exporters to comply with emerging climate-related trade restrictions.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01503
    Schlagworte: Trade Policy; Climate Policy; Input-Output Analysis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Savings, demography and interest rates
    Autor*in: Currie, David A.; Holly, Sean; Scott, Andrew
    Erschienen: 1989

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 89,01
    Schlagworte: Sparen; Sparquote; Konsumtheorie; Zins; Demographie; Theorie
    Umfang: 35 S. : graph. Darst
  23. Policy options to mitigate the fiscal impact of road transport decarbonization
    the case of Costa Rica
    Autor*in: Victor-Gallardo, Luis; Rodríguez Zúñiga, Mónica; Quirós-Tortós, Jairo; Jaramillo, Marcela; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Sector, [Washington, DC]

    Decarbonizing road transport through electrification, public transport, and walking and biking can increase productivity and reduce expenses thanks to reduced traffic and energy efficiency gains. However, governments face losing fuel and vehicle tax... mehr

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    Decarbonizing road transport through electrification, public transport, and walking and biking can increase productivity and reduce expenses thanks to reduced traffic and energy efficiency gains. However, governments face losing fuel and vehicle tax revenue. We develop a method to assess options to maintain fiscal revenues without hampering decarbonization benefits. We estimate the financial impact of the transition on the government, firms (buses, taxis, freight, and other private uses), and households grouped by income level and region of residence. Then, we evaluate the impact of energy, property, import, and distance-based tax adjustments on these actors. We apply the method to Costa Rica, a country committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 and where 20% of government revenue comes from transport taxes. Decarbonizing transport would cause a fiscal impact of -0.41% of GDP on average between 2023-50, which is lower than the financial benefits on households and firms: 1.49% of GDP. We show that a combination of tax adjustments would eliminate the fiscal impact while maintaining net benefits for all firms and households of all income levels and regions of residence.

     
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    hdl: 10419/290096
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01262
    Schlagworte: Decarbonization; Fiscal Policy; Road Transport; Economic Impacts; Energy Modeling
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. The benefits and costs of reaching net zero emissions in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Autor*in: Kalra, Nidhi; Molina-Perez, Edmundo; Syme, James; Esteves, Fernando; Cortés, Hermilo; Rodríguez-Cervantes, Mateo Tonatiuh; Espinoza-Juárez, Victor Manuel; Jaramillo, Marcela; Alatorre, Claudio; Buttazzoni, Marco; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, [Washington, DC]

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    hdl: 11159/653427
    Schriftenreihe: IDB monograph ; 1159
    Schlagworte: decarbonization; long-term strategy; climate mitigation; NDC
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 205 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. How much will it cost to achieve the climate goals in Latin America and the Caribbean?
    Autor*in: Galindo, Luis Miguel; Hoffmann, Bridget; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist, [Washington, DC]

    Latin America and the Caribbean must respond to the challenge of climate change while making progress with other sustainable development goals. How much will it cost to meet climate change goals in this context? This work reviews the evidence on the... mehr

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    Latin America and the Caribbean must respond to the challenge of climate change while making progress with other sustainable development goals. How much will it cost to meet climate change goals in this context? This work reviews the evidence on the costs of meeting the goals the goals of the Paris Agreement and the sources of finance available to do so in the region. Its main thesis is that climate action does not consist solely or primarily of additional spending, but also requires a massive redirection of existing financial flows. The climate goals cannot be achieved without addressing other sustainable development goals intrinsically related to climate, such as those related to energy, transportation, water, agriculture, and ecosystem conservation, among others. Furthermore, climate action is closely linked to social spending since social conditions such as poverty, inequality, and lack of access to basic health services exacerbate vulnerability to climate change. Finally, the transition to a decarbonized and resilient economy must be fair. A so-called just transition means maximizing socioeconomic benefits, minimizing, or compensating transition costs, and involving all affected parties in decision-making processes. Consequently, climate action is also linked to competitiveness, education levels, labor markets, and social institutions. We find that responding to the climate crisis requires annual spending on the provision of infrastructure services of between 2% to 8% of GDP and annual spending to address a variety of social challenges of between 5% and 11% of GDP. This will involve aligning in total from 7% to 19% of annual GDP, representing from US$470 billion to US$1,300 billion of infrastructure and social spending in 2030, with sustainable, resilient, and decarbonized development goals. The benefit of this redirection will be far greater than its costs because it will avoid the worst impacts of climate change and generate economic, social, fiscal, and environmental benefits. Specific financing sources, such as green taxes and sustainable bonds, can finance part of the effort. However, to redirect public and private spending and foreign investment into solutions consistent with climate goals, governments will also need to reform policies and regulations in all sectors. Comprehensive climate strategies can help identify the necessary transformations to move toward a resilient, carbon-neutral economy in the region by 2050. Development banks can directly finance a small part of the necessary spending and support the design and implementation of reforms to redirect existing financial flows.

     
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    hdl: 10419/290066
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01310
    Schlagworte: climate change; costs; spending
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)