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  1. The long shadow of slavery: the persistence of slave owners in Southern law-making
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Hager, Anselm; Maurer, Stephan
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CEP discussion paper ; no 1714 (August 2020)
    Schlagworte: Wealth inequality; elites and development; US south; intergenerational persistence; slavery
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  2. Air pollution affects decision-making: evidence from the ballot box
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Ceolotto, Stefano; Elsner, Benjamin; Pestel, Nico
    Erschienen: September 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Does poor air quality affect decision-making? We study this question based on elections, in which millions of people decide on the same issue on the same day in different locations. We use county-level data from 64 federal and state elections in... mehr

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    Does poor air quality affect decision-making? We study this question based on elections, in which millions of people decide on the same issue on the same day in different locations. We use county-level data from 64 federal and state elections in Germany over a nineteen-year period and exploit plausibly exogenous variation in ambient air pollution within counties across election dates. Our results show that a high concentration of particulate matter (PM10) on an election day significantly affects voting behavior. An increase in the concentration of PM10 by 10μg/m3 - around two within-county standard deviations - reduces the vote share of the incumbent by 2 percentage points and increases the vote share of the established opposition by 2.8 percentage points. These are strong effects, equivalent to 4% and 7% of the respective mean vote shares. We generalize these findings by documenting similar effects with data from a weekly opinion poll and a large-scale panel survey. We provide further evidence that emotions are a likely mechanism: the survey data show that poor air quality leads to greater anxiety and unhappiness, which may reduce the support for the political status quo.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245769
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14718
    Schlagworte: pollution; decisions; voting
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The long shadow of slavery: the persistence of slave owners in Southern law-making
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Hager, Anselm; Maurer, Stephan
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper documents the persistence of the Southern slave owning elite in political power after the end of the American Civil War. We draw on a database of Texan state legislators between 1860 and 1900 and link them to their or their ancestors'... mehr

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    This paper documents the persistence of the Southern slave owning elite in political power after the end of the American Civil War. We draw on a database of Texan state legislators between 1860 and 1900 and link them to their or their ancestors' slaveholdings in 1860. We then show that former slave owners made up more than half of nearly each legislature's members until the late 1890s. Legislators with slave owning backgrounds differ systematically from those without, being more likely to represent the Democratic party and more likely to work in an agricultural occupation. Regional characteristics matter for this persistence, as counties with higher soil suitability for growing cotton on average elect more former slave owners.

     
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    hdl: 10419/224053
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13611
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Strategic compromise, policy bundling and interest group power
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Fabella, Vigile Marie; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Policy reforms are often multifaceted. In the rent-seeking literature policies are usually taken as one-dimensional. This paper models policy formation using a political contest with endogenous policy proposals containing two dimensions. The two... mehr

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    Policy reforms are often multifaceted. In the rent-seeking literature policies are usually taken as one-dimensional. This paper models policy formation using a political contest with endogenous policy proposals containing two dimensions. The two dimensions provide an opportunity to trade off one policy over another to make the lobbying opposition less aggressive. In a first stage, the Government proposes a reform over the two policies, and in a second stage engages in a contest with an Interest Group over the enactment of the proposed reform. As a result, the Government makes a compromise, under-proposing in the policy the Interest Group opposes and over-proposing in the policy the Interest Group desires. Effectively, there will be strategic bundling of desired policies with undesired ones in an attempt to increase enactment probability and overall utility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232676
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13924
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Fear of the dark
    how terrorist events affect trust in the long run
    Autor*in: Borghi, Elisa; Braga, Michela; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Università Bocconi, Milano, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Bocconi ; n. 149 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: Social capital; Trust; Terrorism; Value formation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. When everyone thinks they're middle-class
    (mis-)perceptions of inequality and why they matter for social policy
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Bledow, Nona; Busemeyer, Marius R.; Schwerdt, Guido
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence The Politics of Inequality, Konstanz ; KOPS Universität Konstanz

    Current levels of social and economic inequalities are an enduring challenge for policymakers concerned with sustaining high levels of prosperity and social mobility. Understanding which types of inequalities people in Germany regard as important is... mehr

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    Current levels of social and economic inequalities are an enduring challenge for policymakers concerned with sustaining high levels of prosperity and social mobility. Understanding which types of inequalities people in Germany regard as important is crucial. Using survey data, this paper presents evidence that misperceptions about inequality among the German population are common. Inequality is perceived as a problem and most respondents would prefer a more egalitarian society. However, people still underestimate the extent of inequality in important ways. This suggests that there is the potential for a policy agenda that emphasizes progressive and egalitarian policies. For such policies to gain public support, they should be tied to information on specific aspects of inequality. Für eine Politik, die auf Wohlstand und soziale Mobilität abzielt, stellt die bestehende soziale und wirtschaftliche Ungleichheit eine anhaltende Herausforderung dar. Dabei wird Ungleichheit in der deutschen Bevölkerung vielfach falsch wahrgenommen: Sie wird zwar durchaus als Problem betrachtet; ihr Ausmaß wird aber in wichtigen Aspekten unterschätzt, wie dieses Papier anhand von Befragungsdaten zeigt. Dabei unterstützen große Teile der Bevölkerung eine egalitärere Gesellschaft.

     
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    hdl: 10419/242499
    Schriftenreihe: Inequality barometer - inequality and social mobility ; no. 06 (26 May 2021)
    Schlagworte: Einkommensverteilung; Vermögensverteilung; Soziale Mobilität; Soziale Ungleichheit; Wahrnehmung; Deutschland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Collective negative shocks and preferences for redistribution: evidence from the COVID-19 crisis in Germany
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Fazio, Andrea; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using new data from a three-wave panel survey administered in Germany between May 2020 and May 2021, this paper studies the impact of a negative shock affecting every strata of the population, such as the development of COVID-19, on preferences for... mehr

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    Using new data from a three-wave panel survey administered in Germany between May 2020 and May 2021, this paper studies the impact of a negative shock affecting every strata of the population, such as the development of COVID-19, on preferences for redistribution. Exploiting the plausibly exogenous change in severity of the infection rate at the county level, we show that, contrary to some theoretical expectations, the worse the crisis, the lower the support for redistribution of our respondents. We provide further suggestive evidence that this is not driven by a decrease in inequality aversion, but this might be the result of a decrease in trust in the institutions who are in charge of redistributive policies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250630
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14969
    Schlagworte: preference for redistribution; inequality aversion; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Collective negative shocks and preferences for redistribution
    evidence from the COVID-19 crisis in Germany
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Fazio, Andrea; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  KOPS Universität Konstanz, Konstanz

    Using new data from a three-wave panel survey administered in Germany between May 2020 and May 2021, this paper studies the impact of a negative shock affecting every strata of the population, such as the development of COVID-19, on preferences for... mehr

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    Using new data from a three-wave panel survey administered in Germany between May 2020 and May 2021, this paper studies the impact of a negative shock affecting every strata of the population, such as the development of COVID-19, on preferences for redistribution. Exploiting the plausibly exogenous change in severity of the infection rate at the county level, we show that, contrary to some theoretical expectations, the worse the crisis, the lower the support for redistribution of our respondents. We provide further suggestive evidence that this is not driven by a decrease in inequality aversion, but this might be the result of a decrease in trust in the institutions who are in charge of redistributive policies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249324
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality" ; no 08 (January 2022)
    Schlagworte: preferences for redistribution; inequality aversion; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Social norms and female labor force participation in Bangladesh
    the role of social expectations and reference networks
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Biswas, Kumar; Fehrler, Sebastian; Marx, Paul; Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Al-Zayed Josh, Syed Rashed
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    About 50% of Bangladesh's female youth working-age population is not in employment, education, or training (NEET). Reducing this number is an important policy goal. However, there is a broad consensus that pervasive gender norms hamper this goal in... mehr

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    About 50% of Bangladesh's female youth working-age population is not in employment, education, or training (NEET). Reducing this number is an important policy goal. However, there is a broad consensus that pervasive gender norms hamper this goal in Bangladesh and other countries from the Global South. In this study, we analyze the social basis of support for young working women. It departs from a theoretical understanding of norms as conditional upon expectations in one's reference network. Based on vignette experiments, we show that manipulating expectations about acceptance of female employment by others influences personal support for women taking up work. Moreover, we address the question of whose views matter. Manipulating the expectation that fathers (or husbands in the case of married NEETs) support the employment of their daughters (wives) has a particularly strong effect on respondents' support. In contrast, the stance of religious authorities and peers has surprisingly little relevance. Our evidence suggests that (expectations about) traditional views of fathers and husbands regarding the role of females are a key obstacle to a higher labor force participation of young women in Bangladesh.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272633
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16006
    Schlagworte: Bangladesh; female labor force participation; gender norms; social expectations; survey experiments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Social media charity campaigns and pro-social behavior
    evidence from the Ice Bucket Challenge
    Autor*in: Fazio, Andrea; Scervini, Francesco; Reggiani, Tommaso
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Masaryk University, Brno

    Social media play a relevant role in shaping social attitudes and economic behaviors of individuals. One of the first very well-known examples of social media campaign is the Ice Bucket Challenge (IBC), a charity campaign that went viral on social... mehr

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    Social media play a relevant role in shaping social attitudes and economic behaviors of individuals. One of the first very well-known examples of social media campaign is the Ice Bucket Challenge (IBC), a charity campaign that went viral on social networks in August 2014 aiming at collecting money for the research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We rely on UK longitudinal data to investigate the causal impact of the Ice Bucket Challenge on pro-social behaviors. In detail, this study shows that having been exposed to the IBC increases the probability of donating money, and it increases the amount of donating money among those who donate at most £100. We also find that exposure to the IBC has increased the probability of volunteering and the level of interpersonal trust. However, all these results, but the one on the intensive margins of donations, have a short duration, limited to less than one year, supporting the prevalent consensus that social media campaigns may have only short-term effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267971
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: July 6, 2022
    Schriftenreihe: MUNI ECON ; n. 2022, 09
    Schlagworte: Donations; Volunteering; Altruism; Social media campaigns; Ice bucket challenge
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. How information about inequality impacts support for school closure policies
    evidence from the pandemic
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Bertogg, Ariane; Kulic, Nevena; Strauß, Susanne
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  KOPS Universität Konstanz, Konstanz

    The increase in inequalities during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been the topic of intense scholarly and public debate. School closures are one of the containment measures that have been debated most critically in this regard. What drives... mehr

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    The increase in inequalities during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been the topic of intense scholarly and public debate. School closures are one of the containment measures that have been debated most critically in this regard. What drives support for school and daycare/kindergarten closures during a public health crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic? More specifically, do inequality concerns affect this support? To identify causal linkages between awareness of inequalities and support for school and daycare/kindergarten closures, we use a survey experiment with information treatment, in which we randomly assign information designed to prime the respondents to think about either education inequality, gender inequality, or both. Based on an original survey experiment involving more than 3,000 respondents, conducted in spring 2021 at the end of a long lockdown in Germany, our findings show that concerns about education inequality and gender inequality are equally important for decreasing support for preschool and primary school closures, while they do not seem to matter regarding secondary school closures.

     
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    hdl: 10419/268483
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality" ; no 11 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: Childcare Policy; COVID-19; School Closures; Survey Experiment; Information Treatment; Policy Support; Educational Inequality; Gender Inequality; Germany
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Wenn alle Teil der Mittelschicht sein wollen
    (Fehl-)Wahrnehmungen von Ungleichheit und warum sie für Sozialpolitik wichtig sind
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Bledow, Nona; Busemeyer, Marius R.; Schwerdt, Guido
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence The Politics of Inequality, Konstanz

    Für eine Politik, die auf Wohlstand und soziale Mobilität abzielt, stellt die bestehende soziale und wirtschaftliche Ungleichheit eine anhaltende Herausforderung dar. Dabei wird Ungleichheit in der deutschen Bevölkerung vielfach falsch wahrgenommen:... mehr

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    Für eine Politik, die auf Wohlstand und soziale Mobilität abzielt, stellt die bestehende soziale und wirtschaftliche Ungleichheit eine anhaltende Herausforderung dar. Dabei wird Ungleichheit in der deutschen Bevölkerung vielfach falsch wahrgenommen: Sie wird zwar durchaus als Problem betrachtet; ihr Ausmaß wird aber in wichtigen Aspekten unterschätzt, wie dieses Papier anhand von Befragungsdaten zeigt. Dabei unterstützen große Teile der Bevölkerung eine egalitärere Gesellschaft. Current levels of social and economic inequalities are an enduring challenge for policymakers concerned with sustaining high levels of prosperity and social mobility. Understanding which types of inequalities people in Germany regard as important is crucial. Using survey data, this paper presents evidence that misperceptions about inequality among the German population are common. Inequality is perceived as a problem and most respondents would prefer a more egalitarian society. However, people still underestimate the extent of inequality in important ways. This suggests that there is the potential for a policy agenda that emphasizes progressive and egalitarian policies. For such policies to gain public support, they should be tied to information on specific aspects of inequality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235159
    Schriftenreihe: COVID-19 und soziale Ungleichheit - Thesen und Befunde ; policy paper no 06 (26. Mai 2021)
    Schlagworte: Soziale Ungleichheit; Wahrnehmung; Soziale Mobilität; Einkommensverteilung; Deutschland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Eingetrübte Aussichten
    das Konstanzer Ungleichheitsbarometer belegt die Wahrnehmung zunehmender Ungleichheit
    Autor*in: Busemeyer, Marius R.; Lauritz Schönhage, Nanna; Baute, Sharon; Bellani, Luna; Schwerdt, Guido
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  KOPS Universität Konstanz, Konstanz

    Die Daten der neuen Erhebungswelle des Konstanzer Ungleichheitsbarometers zeigen, dass die Menschen in Deutschland eine weithin zunehmende Ungleichheit von Einkommen und Vermögen wahrnehmen - nicht zuletzt weil die Befragten kaum unterscheiden... mehr

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    Die Daten der neuen Erhebungswelle des Konstanzer Ungleichheitsbarometers zeigen, dass die Menschen in Deutschland eine weithin zunehmende Ungleichheit von Einkommen und Vermögen wahrnehmen - nicht zuletzt weil die Befragten kaum unterscheiden zwischen der Einkommensungleicheit und der in Realität noch größeren Vermögensungleichheit. Gleichzeitig wird das Ausmaß der Ungleichheit weiterhin in gewisser Hinsicht unterschätzt. Die Zukunftsaussichten für die jüngere Generation beurteilen viele eher negativ, vor allen Dingen die Anhängerschaft der AfD. Weniger pessimistisch sind Anhänger*innen von CDU/CSU und FDP.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271193
    Schriftenreihe: Policy paper / Universität Konstanz ; no. 12 (11. Mai 2023)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Gloomy prospects: the Konstanz Inequality Barometer shows that inequality is perceived to have increased
    Autor*in: Busemeyer, Marius R.; Lauritz Schönhage, Nanna; Baute, Sharon; Bellani, Luna; Schwerdt, Guido
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  KOPS Universität Konstanz, Konstanz

    Data from the new wave of the Konstanz Inequality Barometer shows that people in Germany perceive a widespread increase of inequality in income and wealth and barely distinguish between income and wealth inequality. This is despite the fact that... mehr

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    Data from the new wave of the Konstanz Inequality Barometer shows that people in Germany perceive a widespread increase of inequality in income and wealth and barely distinguish between income and wealth inequality. This is despite the fact that wealth inequality is significantly larger than income inequality. At the same time, the actual level of inequality is still underestimated in some respects. Concerning the prospects of the younger generation, many people, especially supporters of the right-wing populist AfD, are rather negative. Less pessimism is found among supporters of the center-right parties, CDU/CSU and FDP.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271195
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 12 (May 2023)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Intergenerational precautionary saving in Europe
    Autor*in: Scervini, Francesco; Trucchi, Serena
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Economics ; 2019, no. 13
    Schlagworte: Sparen; Intergenerationale Übertragung; Einkommen; Risiko; Familie; Europa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Selecting or rewarding tachers?
    international evidence from primary schools
    Autor*in: Braga, Michela; Checchi, Daniele; Garrouste, Christelle; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: March 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using data from three waves of PIRLS, this paper examines the effect of teacher quality on fourth-grade students' literacy test scores by exploiting variations induced by reforms in teachers' selection and/or reward schemes. We construct an original... mehr

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    Using data from three waves of PIRLS, this paper examines the effect of teacher quality on fourth-grade students' literacy test scores by exploiting variations induced by reforms in teachers' selection and/or reward schemes. We construct an original data set of relevant reforms taking place at the national level over the last century and affecting the working conditions of primary school teachers, matching them by the year they entered the profession. After showing that teacher experience/age and qualification are significantly correlated with student competencies, we study the correlation between teacher working conditions (including recruitment, pay and retirement policies) and pupil achievement. Our identifying assumption is that the impact of reforms dissipates with the distance between the reform's introduction and entry into the profession. The results point to a more selective recruitment process and, to a lesser extent, more generous reward policies as effective ways to enhance student performance.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12200
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Educate some to represent many?
    education and female political representation in Europe
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Hidalgo-Hidalgo, Marisa
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Gender disparity is present in many aspects of life, especially in politics. This paper provides new evidence on the impact of women's education on political representation focusing on several European countries. We combine multi-country data from... mehr

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    Gender disparity is present in many aspects of life, especially in politics. This paper provides new evidence on the impact of women's education on political representation focusing on several European countries. We combine multi-country data from the Gender Statistics Database of the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) and from the European Social Survey (ESS). We find increased female education significantly raises the percentage of women being elected to regional parliaments. We then explore possible channels at the individual level and find education increases women's interest in politics and induces more egalitarian views about gender roles in society among women, although it fails to do so among men.

     
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    hdl: 10419/282666
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16539
    Schlagworte: education; female political participation; compulsory schooling reforms; ESS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Social media charity campaigns and pro-social behaviour
    evidence from the Ice Bucket Challenge
    Autor*in: Fazio, Andrea; Reggiani, Tommaso; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

    Social media use plays an important role in shaping individuals' social attitudes and economic behaviours. One of the first well-known examples of social media campaigns is the Ice Bucket Challenge (IBC), a charity campaign that went viral on social... mehr

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    Social media use plays an important role in shaping individuals' social attitudes and economic behaviours. One of the first well-known examples of social media campaigns is the Ice Bucket Challenge (IBC), a charity campaign that went viral on social media networks in August 2014, aiming to collect money for research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We rely on UK longitudinal data to investigate the causal impact of the Ice Bucket Challenge on pro-social behaviours. In detail, this study shows that having been exposed to the IBC increases the probability of donating money, and it also increases the amount of money donated among those who donate at most ¿100. We also find that exposure to the IBC has increased the probability of volunteering and the level of interpersonal trust. However, all these results, except for the result on the intensive margins of donations, are of short duration and are limited to less than one year. This supports the prevalent consensus that social media campaigns may have only short-term effects.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Cardiff economics working papers ; no. E2023, 06
    Schlagworte: Donations; Volunteering; Altruism; Social media campaigns; Ice bucket challenge
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Social media charity campaigns and pro-social behaviour
    evidence from the Ice Bucket Challenge
    Autor*in: Fazio, Andrea; Reggiani, Tommaso; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Social media use plays an important role in shaping individuals' social attitudes and economic behaviours. One of the first well-known examples of social media campaigns is the Ice Bucket Challenge (IBC), a charity campaign that went viral on social... mehr

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    Social media use plays an important role in shaping individuals' social attitudes and economic behaviours. One of the first well-known examples of social media campaigns is the Ice Bucket Challenge (IBC), a charity campaign that went viral on social media networks in August 2014, aiming to collect money for research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We rely on UK longitudinal data to investigate the causal impact of the Ice Bucket Challenge on pro-social behaviours. In detail, this study shows that having been exposed to the IBC increases the probability of donating money, and it also increases the amount of money donated among those who donate at most £100. We also find that exposure to the IBC has increased the probability of volunteering and the level of interpersonal trust. However, all these results, except for the result on the intensive margins of donations, are of short duration and are limited to less than one year. This supports the prevalent consensus that social media campaigns may have only short-term effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272673
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16046
    Schlagworte: donations; volunteering; altruism; social media campaigns; Ice Bucket Challenge
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Issue salience and women’s electoral performance
    theory and evidence from Google trends
    Autor*in: Cella, Michela; Manzoni, Elena; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: DEMS working paper series ; no. 527 (September 2023)
    Schlagworte: gender bias; elections; female politicians
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  21. Issue salience and women's electoral performance
    theory and evidence from google trends
    Autor*in: Cella, Michela; Manzoni, Elena; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    In this paper we study whether and how the belief that the gender of politicians affects their competence on different issues influences electoral outcomes depending on the salience of those issues. We first propose a theoretical model of... mehr

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    In this paper we study whether and how the belief that the gender of politicians affects their competence on different issues influences electoral outcomes depending on the salience of those issues. We first propose a theoretical model of issue-specific gender bias in elections which can describe both the presence of a real comparative advantage ('kernel-of-truth' case, or stereotype) and the case of pure prejudice. We show that, if the bias exists, it influences electoral results and that its effect can be partially reversed by successful information transmission during the electoral campaign. We then empirically investigate the relation between issue salience and women's performance using US data on House and Senate elections. Estimates of issue salience are obtained using Google Trends data. Exploiting the longitudinal dimension of the dataset at district level and an IV strategy to rule out possible endogeneity, we show a positive correlation between the salience of those issues that are typically listed as feminine and women's electoral outcomes. We therefore conclude that a bias indeed exists. The average effect of the bias is sizable with respect to the share of votes for women candidates, even if not large enough to significantly increase the probability that women candidates win elections.

     
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    hdl: 10419/296011
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10922 (2024)
    Schlagworte: gender bias; elections; female politicians
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Upward income mobility and legislator support for education policies
    Autor*in: Bellani, Luna; Fabella, Vigile Marie
    Erschienen: February 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    This paper investigates how upward mobility affects legislator voting behavior towards education policies. We develop an electoral competition model where voters are altruistic parents and politicians are office seeking. In this setting the future... mehr

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    This paper investigates how upward mobility affects legislator voting behavior towards education policies. We develop an electoral competition model where voters are altruistic parents and politicians are office seeking. In this setting the future economic status of the children is affected both by current public education spending and by the level of upward mobility. Using a newly compiled dataset of roll call voting on California education legislation matched with electoral district-level upward mobility we find that the likelihood of a legislator voting "no" on redistributive education bills decreases by 10 percentage points when upward mobility in his electoral district decreases by a standard deviation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/177128
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 11324
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The empirics of the median voter
    democracy, redistribution and the role of the middle class
    Autor*in: Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: May 2009
    Verlag:  LIS, [Luxembourg]

    The paper investigates the effectiveness of the median voter as a decisive agent in the process of redistribution. According to the previous literature, it tests several assumptions finding interesting results: The positive relation between... mehr

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    The paper investigates the effectiveness of the median voter as a decisive agent in the process of redistribution. According to the previous literature, it tests several assumptions finding interesting results: The positive relation between inequality and redistribution is confirmed, but the median voter theorem seems not to be the driving force of this mechanism. Even if some results support the median voter hypotheses, many others go in the opposite direction. Moreover, results are in support of the presence of a political bias toward rich classes, particularly in non established democracies. Finally, the elasticity of redistribution to poor classes to their income has decreased over the last decade, suggesting a reduction of the policies in support of low income individuals. -- Income distribution ; Cash redistribution ; Political process ; Median voter theorem ; Time invariant unobserved heterogeneity

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Luxembourg Income Study ; 516
    Schlagworte: Medianwähler-Modell; Mittelschicht; Umverteilung; Einkommensverteilung; Gini-Koeffizient; Welt
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 23 S.)
  24. Grandparental availability for child care and maternal employment
    pension reform evidence from Italy
    Autor*in: Bratti, Massimiliano; Frattini, Tommaso; Scervini, Francesco
    Erschienen: June 2016
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    In this paper, we exploit pension reform-induced changes in retirement eligibility requirements to assess the role of grandparental child care availability in the employment of women who have children under 15. We focus on Italy for two reasons:... mehr

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    In this paper, we exploit pension reform-induced changes in retirement eligibility requirements to assess the role of grandparental child care availability in the employment of women who have children under 15. We focus on Italy for two reasons: first, it has low rates of female employment and little formal child care provision, and second, it has undergone several pension reforms in a relatively short time span. Our analysis shows that, among the women studied, those whose own mothers are retirement eligible have a 13 percent higher probability of being employed than those whose mothers are ineligible. The pension eligibility of maternal grandfathers and paternal grandparents, however, has no significant effect on the women's employment probability. We also demonstrate that the eligibility of maternal grandmothers mainly captures the effect of their availability for child care. Hence, pension reforms, by potentially robbing households of an important source of flexible, low-cost child care, could have unintended negative consequences for the employment rates of women with children.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 9979
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. How do governments fare about redistribution?
    new evidence on the political economy of redistribution
    Autor*in: Padovano, Fabio; Scervini, Francesco; Turati, Gilberto
    Erschienen: October 2016
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, München

    We examine whether and to what extent political institutions explain different performances in income redistribution across countries. In particular, we first review available sources of data and measures of income redistribution, discussing the pros... mehr

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    We examine whether and to what extent political institutions explain different performances in income redistribution across countries. In particular, we first review available sources of data and measures of income redistribution, discussing the pros and cons of each one. Second, we outline a conceptual framework that distinguishes traditional demand side explanations of redistribution from resources and instruments, as well as supply side factors. We then provide empirical evidence on the association between these different factors and the observed degree of redistribution. Our analysis supports the view that - for a given demand of redistribution - political (and economic) institutions contribute to explain differences across countries in the observed degree of redistribution.

     
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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: September 2016
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 6137
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    "This version supersedes F. Padovano & G. Turati (2012), Redistribution through a "Leaky Bucket". What explains the Leakages?" - Seite des Abstracts