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  1. The energy transition in Asia
    the role of liquefied natural gas and implications for East African producers
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This study provides an overview of the use of natural gas and liquefied natural gas in Asia, both historic, current, and with an outlook for the future. Traditionally, Asia has been a strong liquefied natural gas producing region as well as the... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 248
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    This study provides an overview of the use of natural gas and liquefied natural gas in Asia, both historic, current, and with an outlook for the future. Traditionally, Asia has been a strong liquefied natural gas producing region as well as the premier liquefied natural gas market. This continues to be the case today, and it is expected to continue as well in the future. There are significant lessons to be obtained from the Asian gas market for other new liquefied natural gas producing nations and developing gas markets, such as Mozambique. This report also describes potential developments in the energy transition, and how these affect the role of (and demand for) gas going forward in Asia. Asia is expected to be the largest growth market for gas worldwide during 2018-35, although drivers do vary per country, and depend on the degree of disruption caused by the growth in electrification and renewables.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292568375
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229304
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 80
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting
    solutions and actions
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This second paper on hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting builds on our first, which evaluated the economic and social cost (SCAR) of wasted natural gas. These emissions must be reduced urgently for natural gas to meet its potential as an... mehr

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    Signatur:
    DS 248
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    This second paper on hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting builds on our first, which evaluated the economic and social cost (SCAR) of wasted natural gas. These emissions must be reduced urgently for natural gas to meet its potential as an energy-transition fuel under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and to improve air quality and health. Wide-ranging initiatives and solutions exist already; the selection of the most suitable ones is situation-dependent. We present solutions and actions in a four-point ('Diamond') model involving: (1) measurement of chemicals emitted, (2) accountability and transparency of emissions through disclosure and reporting, (3) economic deployment of technologies for (small-scale) gas monetization, and (4) an 'all-ofgovernment' approach to regulation and fiscal measures. Combining these actions in an integrated framework can end routine flaring and venting in many oil and gas developments. This is particularly important for low- and middle-income countries: satellite data since 2005 show that 85 per cent of total gas flared is in developing countries. Satellite data in 2017 identified location and amount of natural gas burned for 10,828 individual flares in 94 countries. Particular focus is needed to improve flare quality and capture natural gas from the 1 per cent 'super-emitter' flares responsible for 23 per cent of global natural gas flared.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292569402
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229407
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 6
    Schlagworte: energy transition; gas; health; climate; air quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting
    evaluation of the issues
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and... mehr

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    Signatur:
    DS 248
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and gas operations, as well as their emissions and impact on air quality, health, and climate. While global flaring and venting comprise 7.5 per cent of natural gas produced, their combined impact on health and climate (in terms of Social Cost of Atmospheric Release) accounts for 54 per cent. Many low- and middle-income countries are economically dependent on oil and gas production. Most premature deaths from air pollution in 2016 were in developing countries. Most natural gas losses and emissions are avoidable. If all natural gas flared and vented globally is captured and brought to market, it could supply annually more than the total South and Central America gas consumption, plus all of Africa's power needs. If 75 per cent of these volumes are captured, it provides an additional natural gas sales value of US$36 billion per annum (assuming an average gas price of US$4/MMBtu).

     
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    ISBN: 9789292569396
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229406
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 5
    Schlagworte: energy transition; gas; health; climate; air quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Looking ahead to COP27 - from climate pledges to action
    the Global Methane Pledge - opportunities and risks
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The global energy transition is happening, but too slowly to limit climate change to acceptable levels, for diverse reasons. Carbon emissions policies and measures focus too little on absolute emission targets and too much on relative measures such... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 248
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    The global energy transition is happening, but too slowly to limit climate change to acceptable levels, for diverse reasons. Carbon emissions policies and measures focus too little on absolute emission targets and too much on relative measures such as carbon intensity. Focus is needed on early emission reduction actions, while current efforts aim to for carbon neutrality at a distant date. High-profile listed companies disposing of high-carbon-emitting assets to unlisted organizations ('hand-me-down assets') is reducing transparency on emissions and emissionsreducing investments. Measuring emissions using satellite remote-sensing technologies can reduce reliance on self-reporting and should thus be a public good not subject to corporate confidentiality or other commercial restrictions. More integration of existing assets in decarbonization efforts is needed; the largest positive impact on climate and health now would come from having such assets emit less. More recognition is needed that measures suited to developed high-income countries/regions may not work as well in developing low- and middle-income countries. Cutting methane emissions is the most immediate way to slow the rate of global warming, even as progress is made on decarbonizing energy systems. Any reprieve over the next decade from reaching a global temperature rise-and potential tipping point-of 1.5 °C is vital while morechallenging policy commitments are implemented. Reducing wasteful natural gas flaring would be an immediate way to cut methane emissions. It requires urgent co-ordinated action by oil- and gasproducing countries, donors, multilateral development banks, and countries hosting satellite data companies, with the International Monetary Fund taking a leadership role through its surveillance and capacity development work. Tackling methane emissions is especially significant since it contributes to meeting other development priorities, such as generating government revenue (by penalties and gas sales), improving health (by reducing air pollution), and helping to deliver greater energy access (by using rather than wasting the gas).

     
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    ISBN: 9789292672645
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273916
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 131
    Schlagworte: natural gas; methane; emissions; health; air pollution; technologies; transparency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Global oil theft
    impact and policy responses
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper, the first of two on global oil theft and fraud, discusses the prevalence, methods, and consequences of global oil theft, valued at US$133 billion per year and equivalent to 5-7 per cent of the global market for crude oil and petroleum... mehr

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    DS 248
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    This paper, the first of two on global oil theft and fraud, discusses the prevalence, methods, and consequences of global oil theft, valued at US$133 billion per year and equivalent to 5-7 per cent of the global market for crude oil and petroleum fuels. However, the impact of oil theft is significantly larger than the value of theft itself. Government tax yields have been assessed for 30 developing countries associated with oil theft and found to be significantly lower than in the International Monetary Fund's benchmark study. Oil theft, smuggling, and illicit trade in petroleum products are often seen as lesser forms of crime than human trafficking, the drugs trade, smuggling of weapons, kidnapping, and terrorism. However, oil theft as an act of opportunity tends to evolve into organized crime and, if left unchecked, oil theft may interlink with other organized crime activities and groups. Actions against oil theft should target the transnational crime syndicates that continue to find ways to replicate their thefts by adapting their theft strategies and business models. However, there is a lack of basic data, including how much oil is stolen, how the stolen oil is transported, and how illicit oil transactions are conducted. The mixing of legal commercial operations with illegal oil theft activities and fraud obscures many oil theft crimes.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292671471
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259372
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 16
    Schlagworte: oil; fuel; theft; corruption; transnational crime; domestic revenue mobilization; tax evasion and avoidance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Countering global oil theft
    responses and solutions
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This second of two papers on global oil theft discusses ways to reduce oil theft, misappropriation, and fraud. At US$133 billion per year, oil is the largest stolen natural resource globally, while fuel is the most smuggled natural resource. Oil... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 248
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This second of two papers on global oil theft discusses ways to reduce oil theft, misappropriation, and fraud. At US$133 billion per year, oil is the largest stolen natural resource globally, while fuel is the most smuggled natural resource. Oil theft equates to 5-7 per cent of the global market for crude oil and petroleum fuels. It is so engrained in the energy supply chain that thefts are priced in by traders and tolerated by many shipping companies as petty theft. Oil theft and related insecurity have substantial negative economic effects on developing countries, whether they produce oil or not. In 2012, non-oil-producing Benin saw a 28 per cent drop in taxable income after a spate of oil tanker hijacking incidents in the Gulf of Guinea in 2011. In Nigeria, the oil capacity shut-in and amount of oil deferred is more than twice the amount estimated as stolen, with a US$20 billion annual loss in petroleum profit tax-63 per cent of total government tax revenue in 2019. Organized oil crime syndicates are often transnational and conduct theft and fraud professionally, exploiting gaps in jurisdiction and adapting their practices when law enforcement becomes more effective. They evolve from ship piracy to stealing tanker cargoes to kidnapping tanker crews; from physical ransom of assets to digital hijacking via ransomware. The proceeds of oil theft often finance other organized crime, and it triggers violence against the community and in crime-on-crime activities. Twelve commonalities in oil theft and fraud have been identified that can direct international solutions, in three target areas: stolen oil volumes, stolen oil transport, and stolen oil money. Prosecution for acts of bribery offers opportunities for action: transport of or payment for illegal oil could constitute a bribe under the US Foreign Corrupt Practice Act if government officials were involved in the transaction or shipment. Bribe charges could be raised for paid 'services' that facilitate oil theft (through action or non-action).

     
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    ISBN: 9789292671662
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259391
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 35
    Schlagworte: oil; fuel; theft; corruption; transnational crime; tax evasion and avoidance; piracy; digital ransomware
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The energy transition in Asia
    country priorities, fuel types, and energy decisions
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper provides an overview of the energy transition in Asia. It sets out the underlying drivers and how these set energy transition priorities in China, India, and South East Asia. It particularly describes the role of (liquefied) natural gas in... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 248
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper provides an overview of the energy transition in Asia. It sets out the underlying drivers and how these set energy transition priorities in China, India, and South East Asia. It particularly describes the role of (liquefied) natural gas in the growing energy demand and changing energy mix. A comparison is then made for each of the three regions on how four main fuel types (coal, oil, natural gas, and renewables) contribute differently to eight energy transition priorities. An analytical model is developed that links a ranking of energy transition priorities to an alignment with the four fuel types. The model determines which fuel types are most aligned with a certain set of energy transition priorities. The predicted alignment with fuel types appear to match the energy investment decisions well for China, India, and South East Asia.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292568054
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229272
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 48
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen