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  1. Do Workers Bargain over Wages?
    A Test Using Dual Jobholders
    Autor*in: Lachowska, Marta; Mas, Alexandre; Saggio, Raffaele; Woodbury, Stephen A.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper examines the behavior of dual jobholders to test a simple model of wage bargaining versus wage posting in which workers facing hours constraints in their primary job take a second, flexible-hours job for additional income. When a secondary... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This paper examines the behavior of dual jobholders to test a simple model of wage bargaining versus wage posting in which workers facing hours constraints in their primary job take a second, flexible-hours job for additional income. When a secondary job offers a sufficiently high wage, a worker either bargains with the primary employer for a wage increase or separates. The bargaining model provides a number of predictions that we test using matched employer-employee administrative data from Washington State. The estimates match the model's predictions quite well. First, separation probabilities in the primary job are sensitive to wages in the secondary job, but hours are not. Second, hours and separations in the secondary job are sensitive to wages in the primary job due to income effects. Third, wage bargaining takes place mainly among workers in the highest wage quartile; for these workers, wage increases in the secondary job lead to wage increases in the primary job. In contrast, for workers in the lowest wage quartile, wage increases in the secondary job lead to higher separation rates but no significant wage increase in the primary job, consistent with wage posting. These patterns suggest that high-wage workers receive a larger share of the surplus generated by the employment relationship

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28409
    Schlagworte: Nebentätigkeit; Verhandlungstheorie des Lohnes; Washington (Staat)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  2. Matching in cities
    Autor*in: Dauth, Wolfgang; Findeisen, Sebastian; Moretti, Enrico; Südekum, Jens
    Erschienen: 30 November 2018
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research ; DP13347
    Schlagworte: Städtischer Arbeitsmarkt; Ballungsraum; Arbeitsmobilität; Matching; Deutschland
    Umfang: 65 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  3. Pay transparency and the gender gap
    Autor*in: Baker, Michael; Halberstam, Yosh; Kroft, Kory; Mas, Alexandre; Messacar, Derek
    Erschienen: September 16, 2019
    Verlag:  Statistics Canada, [Ottawa]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    ISBN: 9780660322438
    Weitere Identifier:
    11F0019M-No. 430
    Schriftenreihe: Analytical Studies Branch research paper series ; no. 430
    Research paper / Statistics Canada
    Schlagworte: Salary disclosure laws; pay transparency; gender wage gap; event study; University and College Academic Staff System; (UCASS)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The effect of high-tech clusters on the productivity of top inventors
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico
    Erschienen: September 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26270
    Schlagworte: Technologiepark; Innovation; Patent; Clusteranalyse; USA
    Umfang: 48, 7 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  5. The effect of high-tech clusters on the productivity of top inventors
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico
    Erschienen: September 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The high-tech sector is increasingly concentrated in a small number of expensive cities, with the top ten cities in "Computer Science", "Semiconductors" and "Biology and Chemistry", accounting for 70%, 79% and 59% of inventors, respectively. Why do... mehr

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    The high-tech sector is increasingly concentrated in a small number of expensive cities, with the top ten cities in "Computer Science", "Semiconductors" and "Biology and Chemistry", accounting for 70%, 79% and 59% of inventors, respectively. Why do inventors tend to locate near other inventors in the same field, despite the higher costs? I use longitudinal data on top inventors based on the universe of US patents 1971 - 2007 to quantify the productivity advantages of Silicon-Valley style clusters and their implications for the overall production of patents in the US. I relate the number of patents produced by an inventor in a year to the size of the local cluster, defined as a city x research field x year. I first study the experience of Rochester NY, whose high-tech cluster declined due to the demise of its main employer, Kodak. Due to the growth of digital photography, Kodak employment collapsed after 1996, resulting in a 49.2% decline in the size of the Rochester high-tech cluster. I test whether the change in cluster size affected the productivity of inventors outside Kodak and the photography sector. I find that between 1996 and 2007 the productivity of non-Kodak inventors in Rochester declined by 20.6% relative to inventors in other cities, conditional on inventor fixed effects. In the second part of the paper, I turn to estimates based on all the data in the sample. I find that when an inventor moves to a larger cluster she experiences significant increases in the number of patents produced and the number of citations received. Conditional on inventor, firm, and city _ year effects, the elasticity of number of patents produced with respect to cluster size is 0.0662 (0.0138). The productivity increase follows the move and there is no evidence of pre-trends. IV estimates based on the geographical structure of firms with laboratories in multiple cities are statistically similar to OLS estimates. In the final part of the paper, I use the estimated elasticity of productivity with respect to cluster size to quantify the aggregate effects of geographical agglomeration on the overall production of patents in the US. I find macroeconomic benefits of clustering for the US as a whole. In a counterfactual scenario where the quality of U.S. inventors is held constant but their geographical location is changed so that all cities have the same number of inventors in each field, inventor productivity would increase in small clusters and decline in large clusters. On net, the overall number of patents produced in the US in a year would be 11.07% smaller.

     
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    hdl: 10419/207435
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12610
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Taxing billionaires
    estate taxes and the geographical location of the ultra-wealthy
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Wilson, Daniel J.
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, [San Francisco, CA]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers series / Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ; 2019, 25 (October 2019)
    Schlagworte: Vermögen; Erbschaftsteuer; Wohnungswechsel; Wohnstandort; Steuerpolitik; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Taxing billionaires
    estate taxes and the geographical location of the ultra-wealthy
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Wilson, Daniel J.
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    We study the effect of state-level estate taxes on the geographical location of the Forbes 400 richest Americans and its implications for tax policy. We use a change in federal tax law to identify the tax sensitivity of the ultra-wealthy's locational... mehr

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    We study the effect of state-level estate taxes on the geographical location of the Forbes 400 richest Americans and its implications for tax policy. We use a change in federal tax law to identify the tax sensitivity of the ultra-wealthy's locational choices. Before 2001, some states had an estate tax and others didn't, but the tax liability for the ultra-wealthy was independent of their domicile state due to a federal credit. In 2001, the credit was phased out and the estate tax liability for the ultra-wealthy suddenly became highly dependent on domicile state. We find the number of Forbes 400 individuals in estate tax states fell by 35% after 2001 compared to non-estate tax states. We also find that billionaire's sensitivity to the estate tax increases significantly with age. Overall, billionaires' geographical location appears to be highly sensitive to state estate taxes. We then estimate the effect of billionaire deaths on state tax revenues. We find a sharp increase in tax revenues in the three years after a Forbes billionaire death, totaling $165 million for the average billionaire. In the last part of the paper, we study the implications of our findings for state tax policy. We estimate the revenue costs and benefits for each state of having an estate tax. The benefit is the one-time tax revenue gain when a wealthy resident dies, while the cost is the foregone income tax revenues over the remaining lifetime of those who relocate. Surprisingly, despite the high estimated tax mobility, we find that the benefit exceeds the cost for the vast majority of states.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26387
    Schlagworte: Vermögen; Erbschaftsteuer; Wohnungswechsel; Wohnstandort; Steuerpolitik; USA
    Umfang: 37 Seiten, 26 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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  8. The intellectual spoils of war?
    defense R&D, productivity and international spillovers
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Steinwender, Claudia; Van Reenen, John
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In the US and many other OECD countries, expenditures for defense-related R&D represent a key policy channel through which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government funding... mehr

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    In the US and many other OECD countries, expenditures for defense-related R&D represent a key policy channel through which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government funding for R&D - and defense-related R&D in particular - on privately conducted R&D, and its ultimate effect on productivity growth. We estimate models that relate privately funded R&D to lagged government-funded R&D using industry-country level data from OECD countries and firm level data from France. To deal with the potentially endogenous allocation of government R&D funds we use changes in predicted defense R&D as an instrumental variable. In both datasets, we uncover evidence of “crowding in” rather than “crowding out,” as increases in governmentfunded R&D for an industry or a firm result in significant increases in private sector R&D in that industry or firm. A 10% increase in government-financed R&D generates 4.3% additional privately funded R&D. An analysis of wages and employment suggests that the increase in private R&D expenditure reflects actual increases in R&D employment, not just higher labor costs. Our estimates imply that some of the existing cross-country differences in private R&D investment are due to cross-country differences in defense R&D expenditures. We also find evidence of international spillovers, as increases in government-funded R&D in a particular industry and country raise private R&D in the same industry in other countries. Finally, we find that increases in private R&D induced by increases in defense R&D result in significant productivity gains.

     
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    hdl: 10419/214962
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 7960 (November 2019)
    Schlagworte: Militärausgaben; Militärforschung; Industrieforschung; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Spillover-Effekt; OECD-Staaten
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Taxing billionaires
    estate taxes and the geographical location of the ultra-wealthy
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Wilson, Daniel J.
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study the effect of state-level estate taxes on the geographical location of the Forbes 400 richest Americans and its implications for tax policy. We use a change in federal tax law to identify the tax sensitivity of the ultra-wealthy's locational... mehr

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    We study the effect of state-level estate taxes on the geographical location of the Forbes 400 richest Americans and its implications for tax policy. We use a change in federal tax law to identify the tax sensitivity of the ultra-wealthy's locational choices. Before 2001, some states had an estate tax and others didn't, but the tax liability for the ultra-wealthy was independent of their domicile state due to a federal credit. In 2001, the credit was phased out and the estate tax liability for the ultra-wealthy suddenly became highly dependent on domicile state. We find the number of Forbes 400 individuals in estate tax states fell by 35% after 2001 compared to non-estate tax states. We also find that billionaire's sensitivity to the estate tax increases significantly with age. Overall, billionaires' geographical location appears to be highly sensitive to state estate taxes. We then estimate the effect of billionaire deaths on state tax revenues. We find a sharp increase in tax revenues in the three years after a Forbes billionaire death, totaling $165 million for the average billionaire. In the last part of the paper, we study the implications of our findings for state tax policy. We estimate the revenue costs and benefits for each state of having an estate tax. The benefit is the one-time tax revenue gain when a wealthy resident dies, while the cost is the foregone income tax revenues over the remaining lifetime of those who relocate. Surprisingly, despite the high estimated tax mobility, we find that the benefit exceeds the cost for the vast majority of states.

     
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    hdl: 10419/207523
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12699
    Schlagworte: Vermögen; Erbschaftsteuer; Wohnungswechsel; Wohnstandort; Steuerpolitik; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Wage equalization and regional misallocation
    evidence from Italian and German provinces
    Autor*in: Ichino, Andrea; Boeri, Tito; Moretti, Enrico; Posch, Johanna
    Erschienen: 22 February 2019
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP13545
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Where is Standard of Living the Highest? Local Prices and the Geography of Consumption
    Autor*in: Diamond, Rebecca; Moretti, Enrico
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Income differences across US cities are well documented, but little is known about the level of standard of living in each city--defined as the amount of market-based consumption that residents are able to afford. In this paper we provide estimates... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Income differences across US cities are well documented, but little is known about the level of standard of living in each city--defined as the amount of market-based consumption that residents are able to afford. In this paper we provide estimates of the standard of living by commuting zone for households in a given income or education group, and we study how they relate to local cost of living. Using a novel dataset, we observe debit and credit card transactions, check and ACH payments, and cash withdrawals of 5% of US households in 2014 and use it to measure mean consumption expenditures by commuting zone and income group. To measure local prices, we build income-specific consumer price indices by commuting zone. We uncover vast geographical differences in material standard of living for a given income level. Low-income residents in the most affordable commuting zone enjoy a level of consumption that is 74% higher than that of low-income residents in the most expensive commuting zone We then endogenize income and estimate the standard of living that low-skill and high-skill households can expect in each US commuting zone, accounting for geographical variation in both costs of living and expected income. We find that for college graduates, there is essentially no relationship between consumption and cost of living, suggesting that college graduates living in cities with high costs of living--including the most expensive coastal cities--enjoy a standard of living on average similar to college graduates with the same observable characteristics living in cities with low cost of living--including the least expensive Rust Belt cities. By contrast, we find a significant negative relationship between consumption and cost of living for high school graduates and high school drop-outs, indicating that expensive cities offer a lower standard of living than more affordable cities. The differences are quantitatively large: High school drop-outs moving from the most to the least affordable commuting zone would experience a 26.9% decline in consumption

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29533
    Schlagworte: Lebensstandard; Privater Konsum; Räumliche Verteilung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  12. The agglomeration of urban amenities
    evidence from milan restaurants
    Autor*in: Leonardi, Marco; Moretti, Enrico
    Erschienen: 20 January 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16937
    Schlagworte: Gastronomie; Ladengeschäft; Ballungsraum; Räumliche Verteilung; Agglomerationseffekt; Mailand; Italien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Wage posting or wage bargaining?
    a test using dual jobholders
    Autor*in: Lachowska, Marta; Mas, Alexandre; Saggio, Raffaele; Woodbury, Stephen A.
    Erschienen: 1-7-2022
    Verlag:  W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI

    This paper examines the behavior of dual jobholders to test a simple model of wage bargaining and wage posting. We estimate the sensitivity of wages and separation rates to wage shocks in a worker's secondary job to assess the degree of bargaining... mehr

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    This paper examines the behavior of dual jobholders to test a simple model of wage bargaining and wage posting. We estimate the sensitivity of wages and separation rates to wage shocks in a worker's secondary job to assess the degree of bargaining versus wage posting in the labor market. We interpret the evidence within a model where workers facing hours constraints in their primary job may take a second, flexible-hours job for additional income. When a secondary job offers a sufficiently high wage, a worker either bargains with the primary employer for a wage increase or separates. The model provides a number of predictions that we test using matched employer-employee administrative data from Washington State. In the aggregate, wage bargaining appears to be a limited determinant of wage setting. The estimated wage response to improved outside options, which we interpret as bargaining, is precisely estimated, but qualitatively small. Wage posting appears to be more important than bargaining for wage determination overall, and especially in lower parts of the wage distribution. Observed wage bargaining takes place mainly among workers in the highest wage quartile. For this group, improved outside options translate to higher wages, but not higher separation rates. In contrast, for workers in the lowest wage quartile, wage increases in the secondary job lead to higher separation rates but no significant wage increase in the primary job, consistent with wage posting. We also find evidence in support of the hours-constraint model for dual jobholding. In particular, work hours in the primary job do not respond to wages in the secondary job, but hours and separations in the secondary job are sensitive to wages in the primary job due to income effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/262387
    Schriftenreihe: Upjohn Institute working paper ; 22, 359
    Schlagworte: wage bargaining; wage posting; dual jobholders; employer-employee; secondary jobs; workhours
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Where is standard of living the highest?
    local prices and the geography of consumption
    Autor*in: Diamond, Rebecca; Moretti, Enrico
    Erschienen: 12 January 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16894
    Schlagworte: Lebensstandard; Privater Konsum; Verbraucherpreisindex; Haushaltseinkommen; Bildungsniveau; Räumliche Verteilung; Stadt; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 94 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Poor performance as a predictable outcome
    financing the administration of unemployment insurance
    Autor*in: Lachowska, Marta; Mas, Alexandre; Woodbury, Stephen A.
    Erschienen: January 14, 2022
    Verlag:  Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section, Princeton

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section ; #653
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. How reliable are administrative reports of paid work hours?
    Autor*in: Lachowsa, Marta; Mas, Alexandre; Woodbury, Stephen A.
    Erschienen: 1-2022
    Verlag:  W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI

    This paper examines the quality of quarterly records on work hours collected from employers in the State of Washington to administer the unemployment insurance (UI) system, specifically to determine eligibility for UI. We subject the administrative... mehr

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    This paper examines the quality of quarterly records on work hours collected from employers in the State of Washington to administer the unemployment insurance (UI) system, specifically to determine eligibility for UI. We subject the administrative records to four "trials," all of which suggest the records reliably measure paid hours of work. First, distributions of hours in the administrative records and Current Population Survey outgoing rotation groups (CPS) both suggest that 52-54% of workers work approximately 40 hours per week. Second, in the administrative records, quarter-to-quarter changes in the log of earnings are highly correlated with quarter-to-quarter changes in the log of paid hours. Third, annual changes in Washington's minimum wage rate (which is indexed) are clearly reflected in year-to-year changes in the distribution of paid hours in the administrative data. Fourth, Mincer-style wage rate and earnings regressions using the administrative data produce estimates similar to those found elsewhere in the literature.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Upjohn Institute working paper ; 22, 361
    Schlagworte: unemployment insurance; administrative data; paid work hours; data quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Place-Based Productivity and Costs in Science
    Autor*in: Gruber, Jonathan; Johnson, Simon; Moretti, Enrico
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Cities with a larger concentration of scientists have been shown to be more productive places for additional scientists to do Research and Development. At the same time, these urban areas tend to be associated with higher costs of doing research, in... mehr

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    Cities with a larger concentration of scientists have been shown to be more productive places for additional scientists to do Research and Development. At the same time, these urban areas tend to be associated with higher costs of doing research, in terms of both wages and land. While the literature on the benefits of agglomeration economies is extensive, it offers no direct evidence of how productivity gains from agglomeration compare with higher costs of production. This paper aims to shed light on the balance between local productivity and local costs in science. Using a novel dataset, we estimate place-based costs of carrying out R&D in each US metro area and assess how these place-based costs vary with the density of scientists in each area. We then compare these costs with estimates of the corresponding productivity benefits of more scientist density from Moretti (2021). Adding more scientists to a city increases both productivity and production costs, but the rise in productivity is larger than the rise in production costs. In particular, each 10% rise in the stock of scientists is associated with a 0.11% rise in costs and a 0.67% rise in productivity. This implies that firms moving from cities with a small agglomeration of scientists to cities with a large agglomeration of scientists experience productivity gains that are 6 times larger than the increase in production costs. This finding is consistent with the increased concentration of R&D activity observed over the past 30 years. However, while the productivity estimate has only modest non-linearities, the cost estimates suggest much larger non-linearities as the concentration of scientists increases. For the most concentrated R&D cities, the difference between productivity gains and cost increases is close to zero

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30416
    Schlagworte: Ballungsraum; Wissenschaftler; Produktivität; Produktionskosten; Agglomerationseffekt; General; General; General
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  18. The intellectual spoils of war?
    defense R&D, productivity and international spillovers
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Steinwender, Claudia; Van Reenen, John
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CEP discussion paper ; no 1662 (November 2019)
    Schlagworte: Rüstungspolitik; Technologiepolitik; Rüstungsindustrie; Wehrtechnik; Innovation; Spillover-Effekt; OECD-Staaten; Frankreich
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The intellectual spoils of war?
    defense R&D, productivity and international spillovers
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Steinwender, Claudia; Van Reenen, John
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In the US and many other OECD countries, expenditures for defense-related R&D represent a key policy channel through which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government funding... mehr

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    In the US and many other OECD countries, expenditures for defense-related R&D represent a key policy channel through which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government funding for R&D - and defense-related R&D in particular - on privately conducted R&D, and its ultimate effect on productivity growth. We estimate models that relate privately funded R&D to lagged government-funded R&D using industry-country level data from OECD countries and firm level data from France. To deal with the potentially endogenous allocation of government R&D funds we use changes in predicted defense R&D as an instrumental variable. In both datasets, we uncover evidence of "crowding in" rather than "crowding out," as increases in government-funded R&D for an industry or a firm result in significant increases in private sector R&D in that industry or firm. A 10% increase in government-financed R&D generates 4.3% additional privately funded R&D. An analysis of wages and employment suggests that the increase in private R&D expenditure reflects actual increases in R&D employment, not just higher labor costs. Our estimates imply that some of the existing cross-country differences in private R&D investment are due to cross-country differences in defense R&D expenditures. We also find evidence of international spillovers, as increases in government-funded R&D in a particular industry and country raise private R&D in the same industry in other countries. Finally, we find that increases in private R&D induced by increases in defense R&D result in significant productivity gains.

     
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    hdl: 10419/215165
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12769
    Schlagworte: Rüstungspolitik; Technologiepolitik; Rüstungsindustrie; Wehrtechnik; Innovation; Spillover-Effekt; OECD-Staaten; Frankreich
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Taxing billionaires
    estate taxes and the geographical location of the ultra-wealthy
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Wilson, Daniel J.
    Erschienen: 23 October 2019
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14077
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Alternative work arrangements
    Autor*in: Mas, Alexandre; Pallais, Amanda
    Erschienen: January 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26605
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsbedingungen; USA
    Umfang: 40 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  22. Do firm effects drift?
    evidence from Washington administrative data
    Autor*in: Lachowska, Marta; Mas, Alexandre; Saggio, Raffaele; Woodbury, Stephen A.
    Erschienen: January 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26653
    Schlagworte: Lohnniveau; Lohnstruktur; Lohntheorie; USA
    Umfang: 30 Seiten, 20 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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  23. The intellectual spoils of war?
    defense R&D, productivity and international spillovers
    Autor*in: Moretti, Enrico; Steinwender, Claudia; Van Reenen, John
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26483
    Schlagworte: Rüstungspolitik; Technologiepolitik; Rüstungsindustrie; Wehrtechnik; Innovation; Spillover-Effekt; OECD-Staaten; Frankreich
    Umfang: 48, 26 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  24. Do firm effects drift?
    evidence from Washington administrative data
    Autor*in: Lachowska, Marta; Mas, Alexandre; Saggio, Raffaele; Woodbury, Stephen A.
    Erschienen: October 31, 2019
    Verlag:  Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section, Princeton

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section ; #629
    Schlagworte: Lohnniveau; Lohnstruktur; Lohntheorie; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Pay transparency and the gender gap
    Autor*in: Baker, Michael; Halberstam, Yosh; Kroft, Kory; Mas, Alexandre; Messacar, Derek
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section, Princeton

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised November 2019
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section ; #630
    NBER working paper series ; 25834
    Schlagworte: Hochschule; Vergütungssystem im öffentlichen Dienst; Lohnstruktur; Transparenz; Kanada
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen