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  1. Maternal stress and offspring lifelong labor market outcomes
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the effects of in-utero exposure to stress on lifelong labor market outcomes. We exploit a unique natural experiment that involved randomly placed Nazi raids on municipalities in Italy during WWII. We use administrative data on... mehr

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    This paper examines the effects of in-utero exposure to stress on lifelong labor market outcomes. We exploit a unique natural experiment that involved randomly placed Nazi raids on municipalities in Italy during WWII. We use administrative data on the universe of private sector workers in Italy and link this data to unique historical data with detailed information about war casualties and Nazi raids across space (Municipality) and time. We find that prenatal stress exposure leads to lower wage earnings when workers start their career, and that this effect persists until retirement. The earnings penalty is in large part due to the type of job that people hold and interruptions in their working career due to unemployment. We further show that workers exposed to in-utero stress face larger earnings reductions after job loss due to mass layoffs. This earnings loss deepens their relative disadvantage over time.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/227271
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13744
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Early-life famine exposure, hunger recall and later-life health
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We use newly collected individual-level hunger recall information from the China Family Panel Survey to estimate the causal effect of undernourishment on later-life health. We develop a Two-Sample Instrumental Variable (TSIV) estimator that can deal... mehr

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    We use newly collected individual-level hunger recall information from the China Family Panel Survey to estimate the causal effect of undernourishment on later-life health. We develop a Two-Sample Instrumental Variable (TSIV) estimator that can deal with heterogeneous samples. We find a non-linear relationship between mortality rates, a commonly used famine indicator, and the individual hunger experience. The nonlinearity in famine exposure may explain the variation in the famine's effect on later life health found in previous studies. We also find that exposure to famine-induced hunger early in life leads to worse health among females fifty years later. This effect is much larger than the reducedform effect found in previous studies. For males, we find no impact.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245538
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14487
    Schlagworte: famine; hunger; developmental origins; two-sample instrumental variable
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Early-life famine exposure, hunger recall and later-life health
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    We use newly collected individual-level hunger recall information from the China Family Panel Survey to estimate the causal effect of undernourishment on later-life health. We develop a Two-Sample Instrumental Variable (TSIV) estimator that can deal... mehr

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    We use newly collected individual-level hunger recall information from the China Family Panel Survey to estimate the causal effect of undernourishment on later-life health. We develop a Two-Sample Instrumental Variable (TSIV) estimator that can deal with heterogeneous samples. We find a non-linear relationship between mortality rates, a commonly used famine indicator, and the individual hunger experience. The nonlinearity in famine exposure may explain the variation in the famine's effect on later life health found in previous studies. We also find that exposure to famine-induced hunger early in life leads to worse health among females fifty years later. This effect is much larger than the reduced-form effect found in previous studies. For males, we find no impact.

     

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    hdl: 10419/237787
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: Monday 14th June, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2021, 054
    Schlagworte: famine; hunger; developmental origins; two-sample instrumental variable
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Maternal stress and offspring lifelong labor market outcomes
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    This paper examines the effects of in-utero exposure to stress on lifelong labor market outcomes. We exploit a unique natural experiment that involved randomly placed Nazi raids on municipalities in Italy during WWII. We use administrative data on... mehr

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    This paper examines the effects of in-utero exposure to stress on lifelong labor market outcomes. We exploit a unique natural experiment that involved randomly placed Nazi raids on municipalities in Italy during WWII. We use administrative data on the universe of private sector workers in Italy and link this data to unique historical data with detailed information about war casualties and Nazi raids across space (Municipality) and time. We find that prenatal stress exposure leads to lower wage earnings when workers start their career, and that this effect persists until retirement. The earnings penalty is in large part due to the type of job that people hold and interruptions in their working career due to unemployment. We further show that workers exposed to in-utero stress face larger earnings reductions after job loss due to mass layoffs. This earnings loss deepens their relative disadvantage over time.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229685
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Preliminary version: September 10, 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2020, 065
    Schlagworte: Early-life; Stress; Life-long earnings; mass layoff; dynamic complementarities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Disentangling retirement and savings responses
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    In January 2006, the Dutch government implemented a pension reform that substantially reduced the public pension wealth of workers born in 1950 or later. At the same time, a tax-facilitated savings plan was introduced that implied a large savings... mehr

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    In January 2006, the Dutch government implemented a pension reform that substantially reduced the public pension wealth of workers born in 1950 or later. At the same time, a tax-facilitated savings plan was introduced that implied a large savings subsidy for all workers, irrespective of birth year. This paper uses linked administrative and survey data to assess the effect of the reform on the savings and retirement expectations and realizations of two virtually identical male cohorts that differ only in treatment status, the treated having been born in 1950 and the controls having been born in 1949. We show that retirement expectations are in line with realizations and that the reform increased the labor supply for the larger part of the workers, namely, those without sufficient means to substantially increase private savings to counter the effect of the reform. These workers have zero substitution rates between private and public wealth. On the other hand, there is a group of mostly high-wage workers who participate in the tax-facilitated savings plan and increase their private savings to fully counter the impact of the drop in public wealth. An unintended side effect of the introduction of the tax-facilitated savings plan is that high-wage earners who are not affected by the drop in pension wealth retire even sooner than initially planned.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229686
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2020, 066
    Schlagworte: Natural experiment; regression discontinuity; retirement; savings; public pension wealth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. A bit of salt a trace of life
    gender norms and the impact of a salt iodization program on human capital formation of school aged children
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation, we find a strong positive impact on cognition for girls and no effects for boys.... mehr

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    This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation, we find a strong positive impact on cognition for girls and no effects for boys. For non-cognitive skills, we find the opposite. We show in a simple model of parental investment that gender preferences can explain our findings. Analyses exploiting within the province, village-level variation in gender attitudes confirm the importance of parental gender preferences. Consequently, large scale programs can have positive (and possibly) unintended effects on gender equality in societies with son preference.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229687
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Current version: Tuesday 8th September, 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2020, 067
    Schlagworte: Iodine; parental investments; gender attitudes; cognitive skills; non-cognitive skills
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Maternal stress and offspring lifelong labor market outcomes
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance, Department of Economics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance ; no. 584
    Schlagworte: Early-life; Stress; Life-long earnings; mass layoff; dynamic complementarities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. A bit of salt, a trace of life
    gender norms and the impact of a salt iodization program on human capital formation of school aged children
    Erschienen: September 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation we find strong positive effects on cognition for girls and no effects for boys.... mehr

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    This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation we find strong positive effects on cognition for girls and no effects for boys. For non-cognitive skills we find the opposite. We show in a simple model of parental investment that gender preferences can explain our findings. Analyses exploiting within province, village level variation in gender attitudes confirm the importance of parental gender preferences. Consequently, large scale programs can have positive (and possibly) unintended effects on gender equality in societies where boy preferences are important.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207454
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12629
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Jonggehandicapten onder de participatiewet
    eindrapportage oktober 2019
    Erschienen: oktober 2019
    Verlag:  SEO Economisch Onderzoek, Amsterdam

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    Beteiligt: Koning, Pierre (MitwirkendeR); Lindeboom, Maarten (MitwirkendeR); Sax, Marjolein (MitwirkendeR); Witkamp, Auke (MitwirkendeR); Engelen, Mirjam (MitwirkendeR)
    Sprache: Niederländisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789052200200
    Schriftenreihe: SEO-rapport ; nr. 2019, 80
    Schlagworte: Junge Erwachsene; Behinderte; Partizipation; Behindertenpolitik; Niederlande
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Voor welk ziekenhuis, kiezen patienten?
    de rol van nabijheid, kwaliteit en de huisarts
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  SEO Economisch Onderzoek, Amsterdam

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    Sprache: Niederländisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789052201610
    Schriftenreihe: SEO-rapport ; 2021, 113
    Schlagworte: Krankenhaus; Patienten; Konsumentenverhalten; Niederlande
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Why life gets better after age 50, for some
    mental well-being and the social norm of work
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    We provide evidence that the social norm (expectation) of work has a detrimental causal effect on the mental well-being of individuals not able to abide by it. Using SHARE data on men aged 50+ from 10 European countries, we identify the social norm... mehr

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    We provide evidence that the social norm (expectation) of work has a detrimental causal effect on the mental well-being of individuals not able to abide by it. Using SHARE data on men aged 50+ from 10 European countries, we identify the social norm of work effect in a difference-in-differences (DiD) model that compares mental well-being scores of unemployed / disabled individuals (the treatment group) with those of employed / retired individuals (the control group) at varying levels of the fraction of retirees of comparable age. The initial mental well-being gap at age 50 is large, with unemployed / disabled men experiencing lower levels of mental well-being. Beyond age 50, the mental well-being of unemployed and disabled men improves as peers of comparable age retire, and full convergence occurs generally at an age that is slightly above the normal retirement age, when everyone has retired. We estimate the social norm of work effect to be comparable to the benefit of tertiary education, the detriment of being widowed, and the benefit of having a household income of 2,000,000 Euros. We explore income-security and leisure-coordination channels as alternative interpretations of the effect to show that these cannot explain our findings.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273794
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: October 29, 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2022, 081
    Schlagworte: mental well-being; social norm of work; retirement institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Microeconometric analysis of the retirement decision: the Netherlands
    Erschienen: 1998

    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
    Mag14642
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    W 41 (207)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    ECO/WKP(98)20
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 207
    Schlagworte: Altersgrenze; Niederlande
    Umfang: 26 S, Tab., b
  13. An econometric analysis of the mental health effects of major events in the life of elderly individuals
    Erschienen: 2001
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

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    RVK Klassifikation: QB 910 ; QB 910
    DDC Klassifikation: Sozialwissenschaften (300); Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste; Verbände (360)
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; No. 398
    Schlagworte: Älterer Mensch; Psychische Störung; Ökonometrisches Modell
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)Ältere Menschen; (stw)Niederlande; (stw)Psychische Krankheit; (stw)Ökonometrisches Modell; Life change events in old age; Array; Life change events in old age; Older people--Mental health--Longitudinal studies; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: 28 S., graph. Darst., 21 cm
  14. Health and work of the elderly
    subjective health measures, reporting errors and the endogenous relationship between health and work
    Erschienen: 2002
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

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    DDC Klassifikation: Sozialwissenschaften (300); Wirtschaft (330)
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; No. 457
    Schlagworte: Ältere Arbeitnehmerin; Älterer Arbeitnehmer; Arbeitsangebot; Gesundheit; Schätzung
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)Ältere Arbeitskräfte; (stw)Arbeitsangebot; (stw)Gesundheit; (stw)Schätzung; (stw)Niederlande; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: 40 S., graph. Darst., 21 cm
  15. Targeting disability insurance applications with screening
    Erschienen: May 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the targeting effects of increased scrutiny in the screening of Disability Insurance (DI) applications using exogenous variation in screening induced by a policy reform. The reform raised DI application costs and revealed more information... mehr

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    We examine the targeting effects of increased scrutiny in the screening of Disability Insurance (DI) applications using exogenous variation in screening induced by a policy reform. The reform raised DI application costs and revealed more information about the true disability status of applicants at the point of the award decision. We use administrative data on DI claims and awards and merge these with other administrative data on hospitalization, mortality and labor market outcomes. Regression Discontinuity in Time (RDiT) regressions show substantial declines in DI application rates and changes in the composition of the pool of applicants. We find that the health of those who are not discouraged from applying is worse than those who are. This suggests that the pool of applicants becomes more deserving. At the same time, compared with those who did not apply under the old system of more lax screening, those who are discouraged from applying are in worse health, have substantially lower earnings and are more often unemployed. This indicates that there are spillovers of the DI reform to other social insurance programs. As we do not find additional screening effects on health at the point of the award decision, we conclude that changes in the health condition of the pool of awarded applicants are fully driven by self-screening of (potential) applicants.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/202689
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12343
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Targeting Disability Insurance applications with screening
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    We examine the targeting effects of increased scrutiny in the screening of Disability Insurance (DI) applications using exogenous variation in screening induced by a policy reform. The reform raised DI application costs and revealed more information... mehr

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    We examine the targeting effects of increased scrutiny in the screening of Disability Insurance (DI) applications using exogenous variation in screening induced by a policy reform. The reform raised DI application costs and revealed more information about the true disability status of applicants at the point of the award decision. We use administrative data on DI claims and awards and merge these with other administrative data on hospitalization, mortality and labor market outcomes. Regression Discontinuity in Time (RDiT) regressions show substantial declines in DI application rates and changes in the composition of the pool of applicants. We find that the health of those who are not discouraged from applying is worse than those who are. This suggests that the pool of applicants becomes more deserving. At the same time, compared with those who did not apply under the old system of more lax screening, those who are discouraged from applying are in worse health, have substantially lower earnings and are more often unemployed. This indicates that there are spillovers of the DI reform to other social insurance programs. As we do not find additional screening effects on health at the point of the award decision, we conclude that changes in the health condition of the pool of awarded applicants are fully driven by self-screening of (potential) applicants.

     

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/205326
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2019, 036
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Traumatic experiences adversely affect life cycle labor market outcomes of the next generation
    evidence from WWII Nazi raids
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CEIS Tor Vergata, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: CEIS Tor Vergata research paper series ; vol. 20, issue 7 = no. 549 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: WWII; Violent raids; Prenatal exposure; Offspring; Life-cycle earnings; Mass layoff
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. An economic analysis of the mental-health effects of major events in the life of elderly individuals

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Tinbergen Institute ; 2001,103/3
    Schlagworte: Ältere Menschen; Niederlande; Psychische Krankheit; Ökonometrisches Modell
    Umfang: 28 S, graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Literaturverz. S. 24 - 26

  19. Health and work of the elderly
    subjective health measures, reporting errors and the endogenous relationship between health and work
    Erschienen: 2002

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Tinbergen Institute ; 2002-025/3
    Schlagworte: Ältere Arbeitskräfte; Arbeitsangebot; Gesundheit; Schätzung; Niederlande
    Umfang: 40 S, graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Internetausg.:http://www.tinbergen.nl/discussionpapers/02025.pdf

  20. Health and work of the elderly
    subjective health measures, reporting errors and the endogenous relationship between health and work
    Erschienen: 2002
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

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    ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München, Bibliothek
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 457
    Schlagworte: Ältere Arbeitskräfte; Arbeitsangebot; Gesundheit; Schätzung; Niederlande
    Umfang: 40 S, graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Literaturverz. S. 25 - 26

  21. An econometric analysis of the mental health effects of major events in the life of elderly individuals
    Erschienen: 2001
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    Major events in the life of an elderly individual, such as retirement, a significant decrease in income, death of the spouse, disability, and a move to a nursing home, may affect the mental health status of the individual. For example, the individual... mehr

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    Major events in the life of an elderly individual, such as retirement, a significant decrease in income, death of the spouse, disability, and a move to a nursing home, may affect the mental health status of the individual. For example, the individual may enter a prolonged depression. We investigate this using unique longitudinal panel data that track labor market behavior, health status, and major life events, over time. To deal with endogenous aspects of these events we apply fixed effects estimation methods. We find some strikingly large effects of certain events on the occurrence of depression. We show that the results are of importance for the design of health care and labor market policy towards the elderly.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; No. 398
    Schlagworte: Ältere Menschen; Niederlande; Psychische Krankheit; Ökonometrisches Modell
    Umfang: 28 S, graph. Darst
  22. Individual mortality and macro-economic conditions from birth to death

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 899 (2003.072)
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2003-072
    Schlagworte: Sterblichkeit; Gesundheit; Konjunktur; Schätzung; Niederlande; Wirkungsanalyse
    Umfang: 34 S, graph. Darst
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  23. Individiual mortality and macroeconomic conditions from birth to death
    Erschienen: 2004
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    RVK Klassifikation: QB 910
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 4200
    Schlagworte: Sterblichkeit; Gesundheit; Konjunktur; Schätzung; Niederlande; Wirkungsanalyse
    Umfang: 34 S, graph. Darst
  24. Cut-point shift and index shift in self-reported health
    Erschienen: 2003

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 899 (2003.042)
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2003-042
    Schlagworte: Gesundheit; Meinungsforschung; Befragung; Kanada
    Umfang: 24 S
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  25. Life expectancies in specific health states
    results from a joint model of health status and mortality of the elderly
    Erschienen: 1999
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Inst., Rotterdam

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 899 (99.067)
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Tinbergen Institute ; 99-067/3
    Schlagworte: Gesundheit; Altersgruppe; Sterblichkeit; Theorie
    Umfang: 39 S, graph. Darst