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  1. Building bridges and widening gaps
    wage gains and equity concerns of labor market expansions
    Autor*in: Bütikofer, Aline; Løken, Katrine V.; Willén, Alexander
    Erschienen: January 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We exploit the construction of the Öresund bridge, which connects a medium-sized city in Sweden to the capital of Denmark, to study the labor market effects of gaining access to a larger labor market. Using unique cross-country matched registry data... mehr

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    We exploit the construction of the Öresund bridge, which connects a medium-sized city in Sweden to the capital of Denmark, to study the labor market effects of gaining access to a larger labor market. Using unique cross-country matched registry data that allow us to follow individuals across the border, we find that the bridge led to a substantial increase in cross-country commuting among Swedish residents. This effect is driven both by extensive and intensive margin employment responses, and translates into a 15% increase in the average wage of Swedish residents. However, the wage effects are unevenly distributed: the effect is largest for high-educated men and smallest for low-educated women. Thus, the wage gains come at the cost of increased income inequality and a widening of the gender wage gap, both within- and across-households. We show that these inequality effects are driven not only by differences in the propensity to commute, but also by educational specialization.

     
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    hdl: 10419/215281
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12885
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. School selectivity, peers, and mental health
    Autor*in: Bütikofer, Aline; Ginja, Rita; Landaud, Fanny; Løken, Katrine V.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Bergen, Bergen

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; no. 20, 05
    Schlagworte: Weiterführende Schule; Schulauswahl; Schüler; Psychische Krankheit; Regressionsanalyse; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Surviving a Mass Shooting
    Autor*in: Bharadwaj, Prashant; Bhuller, Manudeep; Løken, Katrine V.; Wentzel, Mirjam
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We use data on all middle and high school-aged children who survived a mass shooting incident on July 22, 2011 in Utoya, Norway, to understand how such events affect survivors, their families, and their peers. Using a difference-in-differences design... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    We use data on all middle and high school-aged children who survived a mass shooting incident on July 22, 2011 in Utoya, Norway, to understand how such events affect survivors, their families, and their peers. Using a difference-in-differences design to compare survivors to a matched control group, we find that in the short run children who survive have substantially lower GPA (nearly 0.5 SD), increased health visits, and more mental health diagnoses (nearly 400% increase). In the medium run, survivors have fewer years of schooling completed and lower labor force participation. Parents and siblings of survivors are also impacted, experiencing substantial increases in doctor visits and mental health diagnoses. However, there appear to be limited impacts on school-aged peers of survivors. While this event affected the entire country, we show that survivors and their families bear significant costs despite robust social safety nets and universal access to healthcare

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28642
    Schlagworte: Gewalt; Schule; Kinder; Psychische Krankheit; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  4. School selectivity, peers, and mental health
    Autor*in: Bütikofer, Aline; Ginja, Rita; Landaud, Fanny; Løken, Katrine V.
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen

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    hdl: 11250/2684626
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Department of Economics ; SAM 2020, 21
    Schlagworte: Weiterführende Schule; Schulauswahl; Schüler; Psychische Krankheit; Regressionsanalyse; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Prison, mental health, and family spillovers
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Khoury, Laura; Løken, Katrine V.
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Does prison cause mental health problems among inmates and their family members? Correlational studies tend to find much higher prevalence of mental health problems among inmates than in the general population, but remain silent on the issue of... mehr

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    Does prison cause mental health problems among inmates and their family members? Correlational studies tend to find much higher prevalence of mental health problems among inmates than in the general population, but remain silent on the issue of causality. We combine detailed Norwegian data on visits to health-care professionals with quasi-experimental designs to measure the impacts of incarceration on mental health-related visits by defendants and their family members. Our causal evidence consistently shows that the positive correlation is misleading: incarceration in fact lowers the prevalence of mental health-related visits among defendants. Family members, especially spouses, also experience positive mental health spillovers, while there are fewer episodes of child protection services involvement. We demonstrate that these effects last long after release and are unlikely driven by shifts in health-care demand holding health status constant. We interpret these findings in light of the rehabilitative role of correctional services in the Norwegian context.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272620
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15993
    Schlagworte: mental health; incarceration; family spillovers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Building bridges and widening gaps
    wage gains and equity concerns of labor market expansions
    Autor*in: Løken, Katrine V.; Bütikofer, Aline; Willén, Alexander
    Erschienen: 07 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14287
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. School selectivity, peers, and mental health
    Autor*in: Bütikofer, Aline; Ginja, Rita; Landaud, Fanny; Løken, Katrine V.
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    Although many students suffer from anxiety and depression, and often identify school pressure and concerns about their futures as the main reasons for their worries, little is known about the consequences of a selective school environment on... mehr

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    Although many students suffer from anxiety and depression, and often identify school pressure and concerns about their futures as the main reasons for their worries, little is known about the consequences of a selective school environment on students’ mental health. Using a regression discontinuity analysis in the largest Norwegian cities, we show that eligibility to enroll in a more selective high school increases the probability of enrollment in higher education and decreases the probability of diagnosis or treatment of psychological problems. We provide suggestive evidence that changes in both teacher and peers’ characteristics are likely drivers of these effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249689
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 34
    Schlagworte: Health; school inputs; selective education
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Prison, mental health and family spillovers
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Khoury, Laura; Løken, Katrine V.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway

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    hdl: 11250/2831130
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / NHH, Department of Economics ; SAM 2021, 19 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: mental health; incarceration; family spillovers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The effect of labor market competition on firms, workers, and communities
    Autor*in: Dodini, Samuel; Løken, Katrine V.; Willén, Alexander
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway

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    hdl: 11250/3032278
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / NHH, Department of Economics ; SAM 2022, 17 (November 2022)
    Schlagworte: Labor Market Competition; Outside Options; Labor Mobility,; Inequality; Community Development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Domestic violence and mental health and well-being of victims and their children
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway

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    hdl: 11250/3037651
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / NHH, Department of Economics ; SAM 2022, 21 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: mental health; domestic violence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Infant health care and long-term
    Autor*in: Butikofer, Aline; Løken, Katrine V.; Salvanes, Kjell G.
    Erschienen: 21 July 2018
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research ; DP13064
    Schlagworte: Kinder; Gesundheitsvorsorge; Wirkungsanalyse; Ernährungsverhalten; Bildungsniveau; Kindersterblichkeit; Krankheit; Norwegen
    Umfang: 45 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  12. Single mothers and their children
    evaluating a work-encouraging welfare reform
    Autor*in: Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Løken, Katrine V.; Reiso, Katrine Holm
    Erschienen: 18 September 2018
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research ; DP13188
    Schlagworte: Alleinerziehende; Mütter; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Wirkungsanalyse; Kinder; Bildungsniveau; Norwegen
    Umfang: 38 Seiten, circa 8 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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  13. Incarceration, recidivism and employment
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: 03 October 2018
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research ; DP13215
    Schlagworte: Strafvollzug; Wirkungsanalyse; Straftäter; Kriminalität; Verhalten; Erwerbstätigkeit; Arbeitslosigkeit; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 49 Seiten, circa 30 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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  14. Incarceration spillovers in criminal and family networks
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: July 2018
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Economics, Bergen

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    hdl: 11250/2558927
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Economics ; 2018, 15
    Schlagworte: Straftäter; Strafvollzug; Spillover-Effekt; Soziale Gruppe; Familie; Soziales Netzwerk; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Incarceration, recidivism, and employment
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: June 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    Understanding whether, and in what situations, time spent in prison is criminogenic or preventive has proven challenging due to data availability and correlated unobservables. This paper overcomes these challenges in the context of Norway's criminal... mehr

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    Understanding whether, and in what situations, time spent in prison is criminogenic or preventive has proven challenging due to data availability and correlated unobservables. This paper overcomes these challenges in the context of Norway's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a panel dataset containing the criminal behavior and labor market outcomes of the entire population, and exploit the random assignment of criminal cases to judges who differ systematically in their stringency in sentencing defendants to prison. Using judge stringency as an instrumental variable, we find that imprisonment discourages further criminal behavior, and that the reduction extends beyond incapacitation. Incarceration decreases the probability an individual will reoffend within 5 years by 29 percentage points, and reduces the number of offenses over this same period by 11 criminal charges. In comparison, OLS shows positive associations between incarceration and subsequent criminal behavior. This sharp contrast suggests the high rates of recidivism among ex-convicts is due to selection, and not a consequence of the experience of being in prison. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals who were not working prior to incarceration. Among these individuals, imprisonment increases participation in programs directed at improving employability and reducing recidivism, and ultimately, raises employment and earnings while discouraging further criminal behavior. For previously employed individuals, while there is no effect on recidivism, there is a lasting negative effect on employment. Contrary to the widely embraced "nothing works" doctrine, these findings demonstrate that time spent in prison with a focus on rehabilitation can indeed be preventive for a large segment of the criminal population.

     
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    hdl: 10419/185105
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11645
    Schlagworte: Strafvollzug; Wirkungsanalyse; Straftäter; Kriminalität; Verhalten; Erwerbstätigkeit; Arbeitslosigkeit; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Incarceration, recidivism and employment
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: June 2018
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Economics, Bergen

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    hdl: 11250/2502761
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Economics ; 2018, 14
    Schlagworte: Strafvollzug; Wirkungsanalyse; Straftäter; Kriminalität; Verhalten; Erwerbstätigkeit; Arbeitslosigkeit; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Incarceration spillovers in criminal and family networks
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: August 2018
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24878
    Schlagworte: Straftäter; Strafvollzug; Spillover-Effekt; Soziale Gruppe; Familie; Soziales Netzwerk; Norwegen
    Umfang: 16 Seiten, 11 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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  18. Intergenerational effects of incarceration
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: January 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    An often overlooked population in discussions of prison reform is the children of inmates. How a child is affected depends both on what incarceration does to their parent and what they learn from their parent's experience. To overcome endogeneity... mehr

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    An often overlooked population in discussions of prison reform is the children of inmates. How a child is affected depends both on what incarceration does to their parent and what they learn from their parent's experience. To overcome endogeneity concerns, we exploit the random assignment of judges who differ in their propensity to send defendants to prison. Using longitudinal data for Norway, we find that imprisonment has no effect on fathers' recidivism but reduces their employment by 20 percentage points. We find no evidence that paternal incarceration affects a child's criminal activity or school performance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/177082
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 11278
    Schlagworte: Strafvollzug; Straftäter; Beschäftigungsfähigkeit; Kinder; Bildungsabschluss; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
  19. Intergenerational effects of incarceration
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: January 2018
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24227
    Schlagworte: Strafvollzug; Straftäter; Beschäftigungsfähigkeit; Kinder; Bildungsabschluss; Norwegen
    Umfang: 12 Seiten
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  20. Domestic Violence and the Mental Health and Well-being of Victims and Their Children
    Autor*in: Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Almost one third of women worldwide report some form of physical or sexual violence by a partner in their lifetime, yet little is known about the mental health and well-being effects for either victims or their children. We study the costs associated... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Almost one third of women worldwide report some form of physical or sexual violence by a partner in their lifetime, yet little is known about the mental health and well-being effects for either victims or their children. We study the costs associated with domestic violence (DV) in the context of Norway, where we can link offenders to victims and their children over time. Our difference-in-differences framework uses those who will be victimized in the future as controls. We find that a DV report involving the police is associated with large changes in the home environment, including marital dissolution and a corresponding decline in financial resources. A DV report increases mental health visits by 35% for victims and by 19% for their children in the year of the event, effects which taper off over time for the victim, but not for children. Victims also experience more doctor visits, lower employment, reduced earnings and a higher use of disability insurance while their children are more likely to receive child protective services and commit a crime. Using a complementary RD design, we find that a DV report results in declines both in children's test scores and completion of the first year of high school

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30792
    Schlagworte: Häusliche Gewalt; Psychische Krankheit; Ehe; Kinder; Frauen; Norwegen; General; Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  21. School selectivity, peers, and mental health
    Autor*in: Bütikofer, Aline; Ginja, Rita; Landaud, Fanny; Løken, Katrine V.
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Although many students suffer from anxiety and depression, and students often identify school pressure and concerns about their futures as the main reasons for their worries, little is known about the consequences of a selective school environment on... mehr

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    Although many students suffer from anxiety and depression, and students often identify school pressure and concerns about their futures as the main reasons for their worries, little is known about the consequences of a selective school environment on students' physical and mental health. In this paper, we draw on rich administrative data and the features of the high school assignment system in the largest Norwegian cities to consider the long-term consequences of enrollment in a more selective high school. Using a regression discontinuity analysis, we show that eligibility to enroll in a more selective high school increases the probability of enrollment in higher education and decreases the probability of diagnosis or treatment by a general medical practitioner for psychological symptoms and diseases. We further document that enrolling in a more selective high school has a greater positive impact when there are larger changes in the student–teacher ratio, teachers' age, and the proportion of female teachers. These findings suggest that changes in teacher characteristics are important for better understanding the effects of a more selective school environment.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/227323
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13796
    Schlagworte: Weiterführende Schule; Schulauswahl; Schüler; Psychische Krankheit; Regressionsanalyse; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Building bridges and widening gaps
    efficiency gains and equity concerns of labor market expansions
    Autor*in: Bütikofer, Aline; Løken, Katrine V.; Willén, Alexander
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 11250/2623543
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Department of Economics ; 2019, 19
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmobilität; Effizienz; Lohnstruktur; Pendelverkehr; Arbeitsmarktsegmentation; Öresund; Malmö; Kopenhagen (Region); Schweden; Dänemark
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Peer effects in program participation
    Autor*in: Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: 2012

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 18198
    Schlagworte: Elternzeit; Familienleistungsausgleich; Väter; Soziale Gruppe; Norwegen
    Umfang: 40, [24] S., graph. Darst.
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  24. Peer effects in program participation
    Autor*in: Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    The influence of peers could play an important role in the take up of social programs. However, estimating peer effects has proven challenging given the problems of reflection, correlated unobservables, and endogenous group membership. We overcome... mehr

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    The influence of peers could play an important role in the take up of social programs. However, estimating peer effects has proven challenging given the problems of reflection, correlated unobservables, and endogenous group membership. We overcome these identification issues in the context of paid paternity leave in Norway using a regression discontinuity design. Our approach differs from existing literature which attempts to measure peer effects by exploiting random assignment to peer groups; in contrast, we study peer effects in naturally occurring peer groups, but exploit random variation in the "price" of a social program for a subset of individuals. Fathers of children born after April 1, 1993 in Norway were eligible for one month of governmental paid paternity leave, while fathers of children born before this cutoff were not. There is a sharp increase in fathers taking paternity leave immediately after the reform, with take up rising from 3% to 35%. While this quasi-random variation changed the cost of paternity leave for some fathers and not others, it did not directly affect the cost for the father's coworkers or brothers. Therefore, any effect on the brother or the coworker can be attributed to the influence of the peer father in their network. Our key findings on peer effects are four-fold. First, we find strong evidence for substantial peer effects of program participation in both workplace and family networks. Coworkers and brothers are 11 and 15 percentage points, respectively, more likely to take paternity leave if their peer father was induced to take up leave by the reform. Second, the most likely mechanism is information transmission about costs and benefits, including increased knowledge of how an employer will react. Third, there is essential heterogeneity in the size of the peer effect depending on the strength of ties between peers, highlighting the importance of duration, intensity, and frequency of social interactions. Fourth, the estimated peer effect gets amplified over time, with each subsequent birth exhibiting a snowball effect as the original peer father's influence cascades through a firm. Our findings demonstrate that peer effects can lead to long-run equilibrium participation rates which are substantially higher than would otherwise be expected. -- social interactions ; peer effects ; program participation

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/62544
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 6681
    Schlagworte: Elternzeit; Familienleistungsausgleich; Väter; Soziale Gruppe; Norwegen
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 40, [24] S., 737,81 KB), graph. Darst.
  25. Smoking bans, maternal smoking and birth outcomes
    Autor*in: Bharadwaj, Prashant; Johnsen, Julian V.; Løken, Katrine V.
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  Dep. of Economics, Univ. of Bergen, Bergen

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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 12,17
    Schlagworte: Rauchen; Mütter; Kinder; Gesundheit; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (40 S.)