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  1. Cigarette Taxes, Smoking, and Health in the Long-Run
    Autor*in: Friedson, Andrew; Li, Moyan; Meckel, Katherine; Rees, Daniel I.; Sacks, Daniel W.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to... mehr

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    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to discern the underlying long-term causal relationship. In this study, we explore the effects of cigarette taxes experienced as a teenager, which are arguably exogenous, on adult smoking participation and mortality. A one-dollar increase in teenage cigarette taxes is associated with an 8 percent reduction in adult smoking participation and a 6 percent reduction in mortality. Mortality effects are most pronounced for heart disease and lung cancer

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29145
    Schlagworte: Rauchen; Tabaksteuer; Gesundheit; Gesundheitspolitik; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  2. Cigarette taxes, smoking, and health in the long run
    Autor*in: Friedson, Andrew; Li, Moyan; Meckel, Katherine; Rees, Daniel I.; Sacks, Daniel W.
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 63
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to discern the underlying long-term causal relationship. In this study, we explore the effects of cigarette taxes experienced as a teenager, which are arguably exogenous, on adult smoking participation and mortality. A one-dollar increase in teenage cigarette taxes is associated with an 8 percent reduction in adult smoking participation and a 6 percent reduction in mortality. Mortality effects are most pronounced for heart disease and lung cancer.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245413
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9232 (2021)
    Schlagworte: smoking; cigarette taxes; mortality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Is Recreational Marijuana a Gateway to Harder Drug Use and Crime?
    Autor*in: Sabia, Joseph J.; Dave, Dhaval; Alotaibi, Fawaz; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Recreational marijuana laws (RMLs), which legalize the possession of small quantities of marijuana for recreational use, have been adopted by 18 states and the District of Columbia. Opponents argue that RML-induced increases in marijuana consumption... mehr

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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
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    Recreational marijuana laws (RMLs), which legalize the possession of small quantities of marijuana for recreational use, have been adopted by 18 states and the District of Columbia. Opponents argue that RML-induced increases in marijuana consumption will serve as a "gateway" to harder drug use and crime. Using data covering the period 2000-2019 from a variety of national sources (the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Vital Statistics System, and the Treatment Episode Data Set) this study is the first to comprehensively examine the effects of legalizing recreational marijuana on hard drug use, arrests, drug overdose deaths, suicides, and treatment admissions. Our analyses show that RMLs increase adult marijuana use and reduce drug-related arrests over an average post-legalization window of three to four years. There is little evidence to suggest that RML-induced increases in marijuana consumption encourage the use of harder substances or violent criminal activity

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29038
    Schlagworte: Droge; Drogenkonsum; Drogenpolitik; Kriminalität; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  4. Recreational Marijuana Laws and the Use of Opioids
    Evidence from NSDUH Microdata
    Autor*in: Ali, Mir M.; McClellan, Chandler; Mutter, Ryan; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Recent studies have concluded that state laws legalizing medical marijuana can reduce deaths from opioid overdoses. Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a survey uniquely suited to assessing drug misuse, we examine the... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Recent studies have concluded that state laws legalizing medical marijuana can reduce deaths from opioid overdoses. Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a survey uniquely suited to assessing drug misuse, we examine the relationship between recreational marijuana laws (RMLs) and the use of opioids. Standard difference-in-differences (DD) regression estimates indicate that RMLs do not affect the likelihood of misusing prescription pain relievers such as OxyContin, Percocet, and Vicodin. Although DD regression estimates provide evidence that state laws legalizing recreational marijuana can reduce the frequency of misusing prescription pain relievers, event-study estimates are noisy and suggest that any effect on the frequency of misuse is likely transitory

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29087
    Schlagworte: Cannabis; Droge; Drogenkonsum; Drogenpolitik; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  5. Cigarette taxes, smoking, and health in the long run
    Autor*in: Friedson, Andrew; Li, Moyan; Meckel, Katherine; Rees, Daniel I.; Sacks, Daniel W.
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to discern the underlying long-term causal relationship. In this study, we explore the effects of cigarette taxes experienced as a teenager, which are arguably exogenous, on adult smoking participation and mortality. A one-dollar increase in teenage cigarette taxes is associated with an 8 percent reduction in adult smoking participation and a 6 percent reduction in mortality. Mortality effects are most pronounced for heart disease and lung cancer.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245695
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14644
    Schlagworte: slowness; sociology of economics; top journals; procrastination; editorial behavior
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Exposure to Cigarette Taxes as a Teenager and the Persistence of Smoking into Adulthood
    Autor*in: Friedson, Andrew; Li, Moyan; Meckel, Katherine; Rees, Daniel I.; Sacks, Daniel W.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Are teenage and adult smoking causally related? Recent anti-tobacco policy is predicated on the assumption that preventing teenagers from smoking will ensure that fewer adults smoke, but direct evidence in support of this assumption is scant. Using... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Are teenage and adult smoking causally related? Recent anti-tobacco policy is predicated on the assumption that preventing teenagers from smoking will ensure that fewer adults smoke, but direct evidence in support of this assumption is scant. Using data from three nationally representative sources and cigarette taxes experienced as a teenager as an instrument, we document a strong, positive relationship between teenage and adult smoking: specifically, deterring 10 teenagers from smoking through raising cigarette taxes roughly translates into 5 or 6 fewer eventual adult smokers. We conclude that efforts to reduce teenage smoking can have important, long-lasting consequences on smoking participation and, presumably, health

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29325
    Schlagworte: Tabaksteuer; Rauchen; Jugendliche; Erwachsene; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  7. Minimum Wages and Teenage Childbearing
    New Estimates Using a Dynamic Difference-in-Differences Approach
    Autor*in: Rees, Daniel I.; Sabia, Joseph J.; Margolit, Rebecca
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The minimum wage is increasingly viewed as an important tool for improving public health outcomes, including reducing childbearing among teenagers. Taken at face value, recently reported estimates suggest that raising the federal minimum wage to $15... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The minimum wage is increasingly viewed as an important tool for improving public health outcomes, including reducing childbearing among teenagers. Taken at face value, recently reported estimates suggest that raising the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour could reduce the number of teenage births by 35,000 per year. Using an event study framework that accounts for dynamic and heterogeneous treatment effects, we find little evidence that minimum wages are causally related to teenage childbearing. Moreover, the estimated effects of minimum wages on teenage sexual behaviors, including contraception use, abstinence, and number of partners are consistently small and statistically insignificant

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29334
    Schlagworte: Mindestlohn; Wirkungsanalyse; Fertilität; Jugendliche; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  8. The effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and mental health treatment
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Diris, Ron; Montizaan, Raymond; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects of... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    keine Fernleihe

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and the receipt of treatment from a mental health facility. Leveraging variation from lottery outcomes that determine admission into medical schools, we find that becoming a physician increases the use of antidepressants, opioids, anxiolytics, and sedatives, especially for female physicians. Among female applicants towards the bottom of the GPA distribution, becoming a physician increases the likelihood of receiving treatment from a mental health facility.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250551
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14890
    Schlagworte: prescription drug use; opioids; mental health treatment; physicians
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Voting and political participation in the aftermath of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
    Autor*in: Mansour, Hani; Rees, Daniel I.; Reeves, James
    Erschienen: July 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (27504)
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27504
    Schlagworte: Epidemie; AIDS; Infektionskrankheit; Sterblichkeit; Wahlverhalten; Politische Einstellung; Politische Partei; USA
    Umfang: 55 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  10. Voting and political participation in the aftermath of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
    Autor*in: Mansour, Hani; Rees, Daniel I.; Reeves, James
    Erschienen: July 2020
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This is the first study to examine the effect of experiencing a widespread, deadly epidemic on voting behavior. Using data on elections to the U.S House of Representatives and leveraging cross-district variation in HIV/AIDS mortality during the... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    This is the first study to examine the effect of experiencing a widespread, deadly epidemic on voting behavior. Using data on elections to the U.S House of Representatives and leveraging cross-district variation in HIV/AIDS mortality during the period 1983-1987, we document the effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on votes received by Democratic and Republican candidates. Beginning with the 1994 elections, there is a strong, positive association between HIV/AIDS mortality and the vote share received by Democratic candidates. Congressional districts that bore the brunt of the HIV/AIDS epidemic also saw substantial increases in Democratic voter turnout and contributions made to Democratic candidates.

     
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    hdl: 10419/223505
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8433 (2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The federal effort to desegregate southern hospitals and the black-white infant mortality gap
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In 1966, Southern hospitals were barred from participating in Medicare unless they discontinued their long-standing practice of racial segregation. Using data from five Deep South states and exploiting county-level variation in Medicare certification... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    In 1966, Southern hospitals were barred from participating in Medicare unless they discontinued their long-standing practice of racial segregation. Using data from five Deep South states and exploiting county-level variation in Medicare certification dates, we find that gaining access to an ostensibly integrated hospital had no effect on the Black-White infant mortality gap, although it may have discouraged small numbers of Black mothers from giving birth at home attended by a midwife. These results are consistent with descriptions of the federal hospital desegregation campaign as producing only cosmetic changes and illustrate the limits of anti-discrimination policies imposed upon reluctant actors.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232672
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13920
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The federal effort to desegregate Southern hospitals and the black-white infant mortality gap
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (27970)
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27970
    Schlagworte: Kindersterblichkeit; Geburt; Krankenhaus; Ethnische Diskriminierung; Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung; USA (Südstaaten)
    Umfang: 80 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  13. Police force size and civilian race
    Autor*in: Chalfin, Aaron; Hansen, Benjamin; Weisburst, Emily K.; Williams, Morgan C.
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 28202
    Umfang: 68 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  14. Do state Tobacco 21 laws work?
    Autor*in: Bryan, Calvin; Hansen, Benjamin; McNichols, Drew; Sabia, Joseph J.
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (28173)
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 28173
    Umfang: 75 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  15. Vertical Integration and Production Inefficiency in the Presence of a Gross Receipts Tax
    Autor*in: Hansen, Benjamin; Miller, Keaton S.; Weber, Caroline
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We quantify the effects of a gross receipts tax (GRT) on vertical integration for the first time. We use data from the Washington state recreational cannabis industry, which has numerous advantages including a clean natural experiment: a 25% GRT... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We quantify the effects of a gross receipts tax (GRT) on vertical integration for the first time. We use data from the Washington state recreational cannabis industry, which has numerous advantages including a clean natural experiment: a 25% GRT imposed on cannabis firms was subsequently replaced by an excise tax at retail. We find the short-run elasticity of vertical integration with respect to the intermediate good net- of-tax rate is -0.15 and the long-run elasticity is more than twice as large. We find these incentives lead to large output losses - production increases by 23 percent when the GRT is eliminated

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28478
    Schlagworte: Cannabis; Droge; Umsatzsteuer; Vertikale Integration; Unternehmensbesteuerung; Washington (Staat)
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  16. The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 14 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies... mehr

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    Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 14 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies that have appeared in economics journals as well as leading public policy, public health, and medical journals. Among the outcomes considered are: youth marijuana use, alcohol consumption, the abuse of prescription opioids, traffic fatalities, and crime. For some of these outcomes, there is a near consensus in the literature regarding the effects of medical marijuana laws (MMLs). As an example, leveraging geographic and temporal variation in MMLs, researchers have produced little credible evidence to suggest that legalization promotes marijuana use among teenagers. Likewise, there is convincing evidence that young adults consume less alcohol when medical marijuana is legalized. For other public health outcomes such as mortality involving prescription opioids, the effect of legalizing medical marijuana has proven more difficult to gauge and, as a consequence, we are less comfortable drawing firm conclusions. Finally, it is not yet clear how legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes will affect these and other important public health outcomes. We will be able to draw stronger conclusions when more post-treatment data are collected in states that have recently legalized recreational marijuana

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28647
    Schlagworte: Cannabis; Drogenpolitik; Drogenkonsum; Droge; USA
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  17. Terrorism and Political Attitudes
    Evidence from European Social Surveys
    Autor*in: Peri, Giovanni; Rees, Daniel I.; Smith, Brock
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Since the turn of the last century, nationalistic political parties have been gaining support in Europe. Over the same period, terror attacks have increased. Using data from European Social Surveys (ESS), we examine the effects of terror attacks... mehr

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    Since the turn of the last century, nationalistic political parties have been gaining support in Europe. Over the same period, terror attacks have increased. Using data from European Social Surveys (ESS), we examine the effects of terror attacks involving at least one fatality on attitudes towards immigrants and government institutions. Comparing within-country responses to the ESS shortly before and after fatal terror attacks, we find little evidence of a shift in attitudes against immigrants. Consistent with "rally-around-the flag" effects documented by political scientists, ESS respondents living in the region that was attacked tend to express more trust in parliament and more satisfaction with the national government in the post- as compared to the pre-attack period. Similarly, we find evidence that particularly salient terror attacks can produce nationwide rally-around-the-flag effects

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28662
    Schlagworte: Terrorismus; Wirkungsanalyse; Politische Einstellung; Meinung; Migranten; Regierung; Politische Partei; Europa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  18. The minimum legal drinking age and crime victimization
    Autor*in: Chalfin, Aaron; Hansen, Benjamin; Ryley, Rachel
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26051
    Schlagworte: Junge Erwachsene; Alkoholisches Getränk; Kriminalität; Soziale Kosten; USA
    Umfang: 52 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  19. The effects of professor gender on the post-graduation outcomes of female students
    Autor*in: Mansour, Hani; Rees, Daniel I.; Rintala, Bryson M.; Wozny, Nathan N.
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Although women earn approximately 50 percent of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) bachelor's degrees, more than 70 percent of scientists and engineers are men. We explore a potential determinant of this STEM gender gap using newly... mehr

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    Although women earn approximately 50 percent of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) bachelor's degrees, more than 70 percent of scientists and engineers are men. We explore a potential determinant of this STEM gender gap using newly collected data on the career trajectories of United States Air Force Academy students. Specifically, we examine the effects of being assigned female math and science professors on occupation choice and postgraduate education. We find that, among high-ability female students, being assigned a female professor leads to substantial increases in the probability of working in a STEM occupation and the probability of receiving a STEM master’s degree.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9643 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Hochschullehrer; Geschlecht; Berufswahl; Bildungsertrag; MINT-Fächer; Studierende; Frauen; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. The Effects of Becoming a Physician on Prescription Drug Use and Mental Health Treatment
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Diris, Ron; Montizaan, Raymond; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects... mehr

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    There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and the receipt of treatment from a mental health facility. Leveraging variation from lottery outcomes that determine admission into medical schools, we find that becoming a physician increases the use of antidepressants, opioids, anxiolytics, and sedatives, especially for female physicians. Among female applicants towards the bottom of the GPA distribution, becoming a physician increases the likelihood of receiving treatment from a mental health facility

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29536
    Schlagworte: Ärzte; Psychische Krankheit; Medizinische Behandlung; Arzneimittel; Niederlande
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  21. Labor Reallocation and Remote Work During COVID-19
    Real-time Evidence from GitHub
    Autor*in: McDermott, Grant R.; Hansen, Benjamin
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor activity using real-time data from millions of GitHub users around the world. We show that the pandemic triggered a sharp pattern of labor reallocation at both the global and regional level.... mehr

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    We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor activity using real-time data from millions of GitHub users around the world. We show that the pandemic triggered a sharp pattern of labor reallocation at both the global and regional level. Users were more likely to work on weekends and outside of traditional 9 am to 6 pm hours, especially during the early phase of the pandemic. We also document considerable heterogeneity between different user groups and locations. Some locations show a steady reversion back to historical work patterns, while others have experienced persistent trend deviations in the wake of COVID-19. The pattern of labor reallocation is slightly more pronounced among males in our sample, suggesting that men may have benefited more from the increased flexibility provided by remote work than women. Finally, we show that the pattern of reallocation was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in overall activity, though this effect is more transient. We discuss several potential mechanisms and draw tentative conclusions for broader workplace trends given our study population

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29598
    Schlagworte: Arbeitszeitgestaltung; Telearbeit; Arbeitszeit; Coronavirus; Welt
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  22. Estimating the Effects of Milk Inspections on Infant and Child Mortality, 1880-1910
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, Michael; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked... mehr

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    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked with collecting and analyzing milk samples with the goal of preventing adulteration and skimming. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we explore the effects of milk inspections on infant mortality and mortality among children under the age of 5. Event-study estimates are small and statistically insignificant, providing little evidence of post-treatment reductions in either infant or child mortality

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29620
    Schlagworte: Kindersterblichkeit; Milch; Kinder; Lebensmittelsicherheit; Ereignisstudie; USA
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  23. Estimating the effects of milk inspections on infant and child mortality, 1880-1910
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, Michael; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked... mehr

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    In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked with collecting and analyzing milk samples with the goal of preventing adulteration and skimming. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we explore the effects of milk inspections on infant mortality and mortality among children under the age of 5. Event-study estimates are small and statistically insignificant, providing little evidence of post-treatment reductions in either infant or child mortality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250636
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14975
    Schlagworte: mortality transition; milk inspections; infant mortality; child mortality; public health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. The Grass is Greener on the Other Side
    How Extensive is the Interstate Trafficking of Recreational Marijuana?
    Autor*in: Hansen, Benjamin
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    Marijuana is partially prohibited: though banned federally, it will soon be available to almost 1 in 4 U.S. adults under state statutes. A chief concern among policy makers is marijuana trafficking from states with legal markets elsewhere. We measure... mehr

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    Marijuana is partially prohibited: though banned federally, it will soon be available to almost 1 in 4 U.S. adults under state statutes. A chief concern among policy makers is marijuana trafficking from states with legal markets elsewhere. We measure trafficking with a natural experiment. Oregon opened recreationally licensed stores on October 1, 2015, next to Washington where stores had been legally selling recreational marijuana since July, 2014. Using administrative data covering the universe of recreational market sales, we find Washington retailers along the Oregon border experienced a 41% decline in sales immediately following Oregon's market opening. In counties that are the closest crossing point for the majority of the neighboring population, the estimated decrease grows to 58%, and is the largest for the biggest transactions. We also test if these inter-state spill-overs led to health externalities by studying traffic accidents in Oregon from 2011-2015

     
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    Schlagworte: Droge; Drogenkonsum; Drogenpolitik; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p)
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    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments March 2018 erstellt
  25. Safeguarding Consumers Through Minimum Quality Standards
    Milk Inspections and Urban Mortality, 1880-1910
    Autor*in: Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; McKelligott, Michael; Rees, Daniel I.
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes,... mehr

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    We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes, caramel, and salt were added. To protect consumers, milk inspectors were tasked with enforcing a well-defined MQS. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we find that milk inspections reduced mortality from waterborne and foodborne diseases by 8-19 percent. Ours is the first study to provide evidence that MQSs can improve consumer health when directly applied to an experience or credence good

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30063
    Schlagworte: Produktqualität; Produktsicherheit; Milch; Wirkungsanalyse; Sterblichkeit; Stadt; USA; State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions; Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health; Public Policy; Economics of Regulation; U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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