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  1. The gender dimension of intergenerational transfers in Europe
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Spitzer, Sonja; Vargha, Lili; Istenič, Tanja
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Wien, Österreich

    This paper analyses the gender dimension of intergenerational transfers in European countries using National Transfer Accounts data on age- and gender-specific transfers in 2010. We combine data on public and private transfers with demographic... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 453
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    This paper analyses the gender dimension of intergenerational transfers in European countries using National Transfer Accounts data on age- and gender-specific transfers in 2010. We combine data on public and private transfers with demographic information to estimate gender-specific net transfer benefits by life stage and over the whole life course. Furthermore, public old-age benefits are decomposed into yearly averages as well as the number of years that individuals can expect to be net recipients of public transfers. The results show remarkable differences between genders, especially in old age. Yearly net public benefits in old age are considerably smaller for women. However, the total public benefits over the whole retirement period are higher for women due to their higher life expectancy.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207063
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Vienna Institute of Demography ; 2019, 07
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Reallocation of resources across age in a comparative European setting
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Fürnkranz-Prskawetz, Alexia; Freund, Inga
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  WWWforEurope, Vienna

    We investigate the reallocation of resources across age and gender in a comparative European setting. Our analysis is based on concepts and data from the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) project, as well as on data from income and time use surveys.... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 528 (13)
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    We investigate the reallocation of resources across age and gender in a comparative European setting. Our analysis is based on concepts and data from the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) project, as well as on data from income and time use surveys. We introduce the aggregate NTA life cycle deficit as a concept of an economic dependency ratio. This dependency measure allows for flexible age limits and age-specific levels of economic dependency. We then move beyond the current NTA methodology and study gender differences in the generation of income and extend our analysis by unpaid household work. We find large cross-country differences in the age- and gender-specific levels and type of production activities and consequently in the organisation of the resource reallocation across age. Our results clearly indicate that a reform of the welfare system needs to take into account not only public transfers but also private transfers, in particular the services produced within the households for own consumption (e.g. childcare, cooking, cleaning...).

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/125668
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised version
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / WWWforEurope WelfareWealthWork ; 13
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (47 S.), graph. Darst.
  3. Redistribution across Europe
    how much and to whom?
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia
    Erschienen: 2021 November
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 593 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Redistribution; Welfare state; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Age-specific income trends in Europe
    the role of employment, wages, and social transfers
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Spitzer, Sonja; Fürnkranz-Prskawetz, Alexia
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Research Unit in Economics, Institute of Statistics and Mathematical Methods in Economics, TU Wien, [Wien]

    This study analyses age-specific differences in income trends in nine European countries. Based on data from National Accounts and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we quantify age-specific changes in income between 2008... mehr

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    This study analyses age-specific differences in income trends in nine European countries. Based on data from National Accounts and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we quantify age-specific changes in income between 2008 and 2017 and decompose these changes into employment, wages, and public transfer components. Results show that income of the younger age groups stagnated or declined in most countries since 2008, while income of the older population increased. The decomposition analysis indicates that the main drivers of the diverging trends are higher employment among the older population and a strong increase in public pensions, especially for women.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229185
    Schriftenreihe: ECON WPS ; no. 2021, 01 (February 2021)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Redistribution across Europe: how much and to whom?
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMODbased microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the... mehr

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    DS 626
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    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMODbased microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the pensioner and non-pensioner populations, (b) study the position of net beneficiaries in the overall income distribution and (c) analyse how taxes and benefits affect the working-age population with low income. Our results provide novel insights into the distributive role of tax-benefit systems across Europe. Interestingly, a strong overall redistribution between households is associated with generous pensions for a portion of the retirees but negatively related to support for low-income households.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252330
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2021, 14
    Schlagworte: Redistribution; Welfare state; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Redistribution across Europe
    how much and to whom?
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMOD-based microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 565
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMOD-based microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the pensioner and non-pensioner populations, (b) study the position of net beneficiaries in the overall income distribution and (c) analyse how taxes and benefits affect the working-age population with low income. Our results provide novel insights into the distributive role of tax-benefit systems across Europe. Interestingly, a strong overall redistribution between households is associated with generous pensions for a portion of the retirees but negatively related to support for low-income households.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246814
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 988
    Schlagworte: Redistribution; Welfare state; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The subjective cost of young children
    a European comparison
    Autor*in: Spitzer, Sonja; Greulich, Angela; Hammer, Bernhard
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Wien, Österreich

    Understanding child-related costs is crucial given their impact on fertility and labour supply decisions. We quantify and compare the cost of children in Europe by analysing the effect of child births on parents’ self-reported ability to make ends... mehr

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    Understanding child-related costs is crucial given their impact on fertility and labour supply decisions. We quantify and compare the cost of children in Europe by analysing the effect of child births on parents’ self-reported ability to make ends meet. This study is based on EUSILC longitudinal data for 30 European countries from 2004 to 2015, enabling comparisons between country groups of different welfare regimes. Results show that newborns decrease subjective economic wellbeing in all regions, yet with economies of scale in the number of children. The drop is mainly caused by increased expenses due to the birth of a child (direct costs), which are largest in high-income regions. Immediate labour income losses of mothers (indirect costs) are less important in explaining the decrease. These income losses are closely related to the employment patterns of mothers and are highest in regions where women take extensive parental leave. In the first years after the birth, indirect costs are mostly compensated for via public transfers or increased labour income of fathers, while direct costs of children are not compensated for.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207055
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Vienna Institute of Demography ; 2018, 12
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The public reallocation of resources across age
    a comparison of Austria and Sweden
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Fürnkranz-Prskawetz, Alexia
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  Univ. of Technology, Inst. of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Research Group Economics, Vienna

    There is a strong interdependency between public transfers and the shape of the economic life-cycle. Austria and Sweden are very similar economies in terms of production, income and the size of the public sector. There are however remarkable... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    There is a strong interdependency between public transfers and the shape of the economic life-cycle. Austria and Sweden are very similar economies in terms of production, income and the size of the public sector. There are however remarkable differences in the design of public transfers, their distribution over age-groups and consequently in the shape of the average economic life-cycle: One of the most remarkable differences is the earlier labour force exit age in Austria. The period of active labour force participation is consequently more compressed in Austria, leading to higher contributions to the public transfer system for the age-groups 20-45 and to a higher share of public transfers directed to the elderly. Using economic dependency ratios we show that the sustainability of the public transfer system depends less on its size than on its design: The Swedish system collects the contributions from a wider range of age-groups, transfers a smaller share to the elderly and provides more support to younger generations, supporting them to invest in own children. These characteristics have a positive effect on the sustainability of the Swedish system: Although in Sweden there is a larger share of the population in the age-group 60+, the total economic dependency of the elderly is lower.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/67603
    Schriftenreihe: ECON WPS ; 05/2012
    Schlagworte: Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Altersstruktur; Verteilungswirkung; Erwerbstätigkeit; Systemvergleich; Österreich; Schweden
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 23 S., 354,50 KB), graph. Darst.