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  1. Confidence and career choices
    an experiment
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, Munich, Germany

    Confidence is often seen as the key to success. Empirical evidence about how such beliefs about one's abilities causally map into actions is, however, sparse. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the causal effect of an increase in confidence... mehr

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    Confidence is often seen as the key to success. Empirical evidence about how such beliefs about one's abilities causally map into actions is, however, sparse. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the causal effect of an increase in confidence about one's own ability on two central choices made by workers in the labor market: choosing between jobs with different incentive schemes, and the subsequent choice of how much effort to exert within the job. An exogenous increase in confidence leads to an increase in subjects' propensity to choose payment schemes that depend heavily on ability. This is detrimental for low ability workers. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/208069
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 169 (July 30, 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Nudging as an environmental policy instrument
    Autor*in: Carlsson, Frederik; Gravert, Christina; Johansson-Stenman, Olof; Kurz, Verena
    Erschienen: April 2019
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Göteborg

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2077/59896
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics ; no. 756
    Schlagworte: nudge; environmental policy; behavior
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  3. When nudges aren't enough
    incentives and habit fomation in public transport usage
    Autor*in: Gravert, Christina; Olsson Collentine, Linus
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In three large-scale field experiments with over 32,500 individuals, we investigate whether public transport uptake can be influenced by behavioral interventions and by economic incentives. Despite their effectiveness in other domains, we find a... mehr

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    In three large-scale field experiments with over 32,500 individuals, we investigate whether public transport uptake can be influenced by behavioral interventions and by economic incentives. Despite their effectiveness in other domains, we find a tightly estimated zero for social norms and implementation intentions on ridership. Increasing the economic incentive significantly increases uptake and long-term usage. This increase is sustained for months after removing the incentive. The effect is mainly driven by initial low users, which is evidence for habit formation and highlights the heterogeneous effects of the policy. While there is scope for long-term behavior change, nudging might not be the right approach.

     
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    hdl: 10419/226319
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8617 (2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Time preferences and medication adherence
    a field experiment with pregnant women in South Africa
    Autor*in: Gravert, Christina; Barron, Kai; Damgaard, Mette Trier; Norrgren, Lisa
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    hdl: 10419/258943
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 20, 29
    Schlagworte: time preferences; medication adherence; field experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Gender differences in submission strategies?
    a survey of early-career economists
    Autor*in: Gravert, Christina; Sørensen, Katrine Thornfeldt
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/258936
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 20, 22
    Schlagworte: gender bias; economists; publications; survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. She could not agree more
    the role of failure attribution in shaping the gender gap in competition persistence
    Autor*in: Alnamlah, Manar; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/258939
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 20, 25
    Schlagworte: decision analysis; competition; gender gap; performance feedback; laboratory experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  7. When nudges aren't enough
    incentives and habit formation in public transport usage
    Autor*in: Gravert, Christina; Collentine, Linus Olsson
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/258910
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 19, 10
    Schlagworte: transport; nudging; eld experiment; habit formation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The hidden costs of nudging
    experimental evidence from reminders in fundraising
    Autor*in: Damgaard, Mette Trier; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: March 14, 2016
    Verlag:  University of Aarhus, Department of Economics, Aarhus

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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper ; 2016-3
    Schlagworte: Wohltätigkeit; Social Marketing; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Feldforschung; Dänemark
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Because of you I did not give up
    how peers affect perseverance
    Autor*in: Gerhards, Leonie; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: June 2016
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Göteborg

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2077/44420
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics ; no. 659
    Schlagworte: Soziale Gruppe; Arbeitsleistung; Leistungsanreiz; Verhaltensökonomik; Experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  10. The effects of increasing the standards of the high school curriculum on school dropout
    Autor*in: Görlitz, Katja; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Freie Univ. Berlin, FB Wirtschaftswissenschaft, Berlin

    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform that was introduced in one German state on high school dropout. The reform increased the standards of the curriculum by reducing the freedom of choice in course selection (amongst... mehr

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    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform that was introduced in one German state on high school dropout. The reform increased the standards of the curriculum by reducing the freedom of choice in course selection (amongst other things) resulting in an increase in the level and the weekly teaching hours in the subjects German, a foreign language, mathematics and natural sciences. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design exploiting variation across time and states, we identify the reform effect on students ́probability to graduate from high school. The results show that high school dropout rates have increased for males and females alike. However, the effect for males vanishes two years after reform implementation, while it remains persistent for females even after three years.

     
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/106159
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: January 2015
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2015/1
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.), graph. Darst.
  11. The effects of a high school curriculum reform on university enrollment and the choice of college major
    Autor*in: Görlitz, Katja; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Freie Univ. Berlin, FB Wirtschaftswissenschaft, Berlin

    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform on students ́probability to enroll at university and to choose Science, Technology, Engineering or Mathematics (STEM) as college major. The reform that was introduced in one German... mehr

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    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform on students ́probability to enroll at university and to choose Science, Technology, Engineering or Mathematics (STEM) as college major. The reform that was introduced in one German state increased the degree of difficulty to graduate from high school by increasing the mandatory instruction time in the core subjects German, a foreign language, mathematics and natural sciences and by raising the graduation requirements. Based on administrative data covering all students, the empirical analysis is carried out by applying a difference-in-differences model. The results show that the reform increased university enrollment rates for both gender. With regard to choosing STEM as college major, we only find a robust positive effect for males.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/109517
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2015/13
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (30 S.)
  12. The effects of increasing the standards of the high school curriculum on school dropout
    Autor*in: Görlitz, Katja; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform that was introduced in one German state on high school dropout. The reform increased the standards of the curriculum by reducing the freedom of choice in course selection (amongst... mehr

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    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform that was introduced in one German state on high school dropout. The reform increased the standards of the curriculum by reducing the freedom of choice in course selection (amongst other things) resulting in an increase in the level and the weekly teaching hours in the subjects German, a foreign language, mathematics and natural sciences. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design exploiting variation across time and states, we identify the reform effect on students' probability to graduate from high school. The results show that high school dropout rates have increased for males and females alike. However, the effect for males vanishes two years after reform implementation, while it remains persistent for females even after three years.

     
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    hdl: 10419/107553
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8766
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.), graph. Darst.
  13. The effects of a high school curriculum reform on university enrollment and the choice of college major
    Autor*in: Görlitz, Katja; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform on students' probability to enroll at university and to choose Science, Technology, Engineering or Mathematics (STEM) as college major. The reform that was introduced in one German... mehr

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    This paper evaluates the effects of a high school curriculum reform on students' probability to enroll at university and to choose Science, Technology, Engineering or Mathematics (STEM) as college major. The reform that was introduced in one German state increased the degree of difficulty to graduate from high school by increasing the mandatory instruction time in the core subjects German, a foreign language, mathematics and natural sciences and by raising the graduation requirements. Based on administrative data covering all students, the empirical analysis is carried out by applying a difference-in-differences model. The results show that the reform increased university enrollment rates for both gender. With regard to choosing STEM as college major, we only find a robust positive effect for males.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/110710
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8983
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (30 S.), graph. Darst.
  14. Nudging à la carte
    a field experiment on food choice
    Autor*in: Gravert, Christina; Kurz, Verena
    Erschienen: February 2017
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Göteborg

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2077/51531
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics ; no. 690
    Schlagworte: Social Marketing; Ernährungsverhalten; Klimaschutz; Feldforschung; Schweden
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The hidden costs of nudging
    experimental evidence from reminders in fundraising
    Autor*in: Damgaard, Mette Trier; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Göteborg

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2077/42370
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics ; no. 650
    Schlagworte: Wohltätigkeit; Social Marketing; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Feldforschung; Dänemark
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Grit trumps talent?
    an experimental approach
    Autor*in: Gerhards, Leonie; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Univ. of Aarhus, Dep. of Economics, Aarhus

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper ; 2015,18
    Schlagworte: Experimentelle Ökonomik; Experiment; Persönlichkeitspsychologie; Kognition; Dänemark
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.)
  17. Grit trumps talent?
    an experimental approach
    Autor*in: Gerhards, Leonie; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Dep. of Economics, Göteborg Univ., Göteborg

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    hdl: 2077/40826
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, Göteborg University ; 629
    Schlagworte: Experimentelle Ökonomik; Experiment; Persönlichkeitspsychologie; Kognition; Dänemark
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (24 S.)
  18. Confidence and career choices
    an experiment
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  WZB, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH, Berlin

    Confidence in one's own abilities is often seen as an important determinant of being successful. Empirical evidence about how such beliefs about one's own abilities causally influence choices is, however, sparse. In this paper, we use a stylized... mehr

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    Confidence in one's own abilities is often seen as an important determinant of being successful. Empirical evidence about how such beliefs about one's own abilities causally influence choices is, however, sparse. In this paper, we use a stylized laboratory experiment to investigate the causal effect of an increase in confidence on two important choices made by workers in the labor market: (i) choosing between jobs with a payment scheme that depends heavily on ability [high earnings risk] and those that pay a fixed wage [low earnings risk], and (ii) the subsequent choice of how much effort to exert within the job. We find that an exogenous increase in confidence leads to an increase in subjects' propensity to choose payment schemes that depend heavily on ability. This is detrimental for low ability workers due to high baseline levels of confidence.

     
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    hdl: 10419/221821
    Auflage/Ausgabe: 2nd revision June 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Research Area: Markets and Choice, Research Unit: Economics of Change ; SP II 2018, 301r2
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Confidence and career choices
    an experiment
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  WZB, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH, Berlin

    Confidence is often seen as the key to success. Empirical evidence about how such beliefs about one's abilities causally map into actions is, however, sparse. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the causal effect of an increase in confidence... mehr

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    Confidence is often seen as the key to success. Empirical evidence about how such beliefs about one's abilities causally map into actions is, however, sparse. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the causal effect of an increase in confidence about one's own ability on two central choices made by workers in the labor market: choosing between jobs with different incentive schemes, and the subsequent choice of how much effort to exert within the job. An exogenous increase in confidence leads to an increase in subjects' propensity to choose payment schemes that depend heavily on ability. This is detrimental for low ability workers. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/191617
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised January 2019
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Research Area: Markets and Choice, Research Unit: Economics of Change ; SP II 2018, 301r
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Datei gelöscht auf Wunsch der Autoren
  20. Arbitrage or narrow bracketing?
    on using money to measure intertemporal preferences
    Autor*in: Andreoni, James; Gravert, Christina; Kuhn, Michael A.; Saccardo, Silvia; Yang, Yang
    Erschienen: November 2018
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25232
    Schlagworte: Intertemporale Entscheidung; Diskontpolitik; Arbitrage
    Umfang: 41 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  21. Confidence and career choices
    an experiment
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: January 2018
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Göteborg

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    hdl: 2077/54927
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics ; no. 715
    Schlagworte: Berufswahl; Leistungsanreiz; Persönlichkeitspsychologie; Verhaltensökonomik; Experimentelle Ökonomik; Deutschland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Confidence and career choices
    an experiment
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  WZB, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Berlin

    Confidence is often seen as the key to success. Empirical evidence about whether such beliefs causally map into actions is, however, sparse. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the causal effect of an increase in confidence about one's own... mehr

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    Confidence is often seen as the key to success. Empirical evidence about whether such beliefs causally map into actions is, however, sparse. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the causal effect of an increase in confidence about one's own ability on two central choices made by workers in the labor market: choosing between jobs with different incentive schemes, and the subsequent choice of how much effort to exert within the job. Using a hard-easy task manipulation to shift beliefs, we find that beliefs can be shifted, which in turn shifts decisions. In our setting, the beliefs of low ability individuals are more malleable than those of high ability individuals. Therefore, the treatment induces an increase in confidence and detrimental decision making by low ability workers but does not affect the outcomes of high ability workers. Men and women react similarly to the treatment. However, men hold higher baseline beliefs, implying that women make better incentive choice decisions. Policy implications regarding pre-labor market confidence development by means of feedback and grade inflation are discussed.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/173279
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Research Area: Markets and Choice, Research Unit: Economics of Change ; SP II 2018, 301 (January 2018)
    Schlagworte: Berufswahl; Leistungsanreiz; Persönlichkeitspsychologie; Verhaltensökonomik; Experimentelle Ökonomik; Deutschland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
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  23. When do reminders work?
    memory constraints and medical adherence
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Damgaard, Mette Trier; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

    An extensive literature shows that reminders can successfully change behavior. Yet, there exists substantial unexplained heterogeneity in their effectiveness, both: (i) across studies, and (ii) across individuals within a particular study. This paper... mehr

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    An extensive literature shows that reminders can successfully change behavior. Yet, there exists substantial unexplained heterogeneity in their effectiveness, both: (i) across studies, and (ii) across individuals within a particular study. This paper investigates when and why reminders work. We develop a theoretical model that highlights three key mechanisms through which reminders may operate. To test the predictions of the model, we run a nationwide field experiment on medical adherence with over 4000 pregnant women in South Africa and document several key results. First, we find an extremely strong baseline demand for reminders. This demand increases after exposure to reminders, suggesting that individuals learn how valuable they are for freeing up memory resources. Second, stated adherence is increased by pure reminders and reminders containing a moral suasion component, but interestingly, reminders containing health information reduce adherence in our setting. Using a structural model, we show that heterogeneity in memory costs (or, equivalently, annoyance costs) is crucial for explaining the observed behavior.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    hdl: 10419/268921
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 22, 18
    Schlagworte: Nudging; Reminders; Memory; Attention; Medication adherence; Structural model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Time preferences and medication adherence
    evidence from pregnant women in South Africa
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Damgaard, Mette Trier; Gravert, Christina; Norrgren, Lisa
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The effectiveness of health recommendations and treatment plans depends on the extent to which individuals follow them. For the individual, medication adherence involves an inter-temporal trade-off between expected future health benefits and... mehr

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    The effectiveness of health recommendations and treatment plans depends on the extent to which individuals follow them. For the individual, medication adherence involves an inter-temporal trade-off between expected future health benefits and immediate effort costs. Therefore examining time preferences may help us to understand why some people fail to follow health recommendations and treatment plans. In this paper, we use a simple, real-effort task implemented via text message to elicit the time preferences of pregnant women in South Africa. We find evidence that high discounters are significantly less likely to report to adhere to the recommendation of taking daily iron supplements daily during pregnancy. There is some weak indication that time inconsistency also negatively affects adherence. Together our results suggest that measuring time preferences could help predict medication adherence and thus be used to improve preventive health care measures.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267221
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9988 (2022)
    Schlagworte: time preferences; medication adherence; experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten)
  25. When do reminders work?
    memory constraints and medical adherence
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Damgaard, Mette Trier; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    An extensive literature shows that reminders can successfully change behavior. Yet, there exists substantial unexplained heterogeneity in their effectiveness, both: (i) across studies, and (ii) across individuals within a particular study. This paper... mehr

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 63
    Fernleihe:
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    An extensive literature shows that reminders can successfully change behavior. Yet, there exists substantial unexplained heterogeneity in their effectiveness, both: (i) across studies, and (ii) across individuals within a particular study. This paper investigates when and why re-minders work. We develop a theoretical model that highlights three key mechanisms through which reminders may operate. To test the predictions of the model, we run a nationwide field experiment on medical adherence with over 4000 pregnant women in South Africa and document several key results. First, we find an extremely strong baseline demand for reminders. This demand increases after exposure to reminders, suggesting that individuals learn how valuable they are for freeing up memory resources. Second, stated adherence is increased by pure reminders and reminders containing a moral suasion component, but interestingly, reminders containing health information reduce adherence in our setting. Using a structural model, we show that heterogeneity in memory costs (or, equivalently, annoyance costs) is crucial for explaining the observed behavior.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267229
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9996 (2022)
    Schlagworte: nudging; reminders; memory; attention; medication adherence; structural model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen