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  1. Labour market flows
    accounting for the public sector
    Erschienen: August 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    For the period between 2003 and 2018, we document a number of facts about worker gross flows in France, the United Kingdom, Spain and the United States, focussing on the role of the public sector. Using the French, Spanish and UK Labour Force Survey... mehr

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    For the period between 2003 and 2018, we document a number of facts about worker gross flows in France, the United Kingdom, Spain and the United States, focussing on the role of the public sector. Using the French, Spanish and UK Labour Force Survey and the US Current Population Survey data, we examine the size and cyclicality of the flows and transition probabilities between private and public employment, unemployment and inactivity. We examine the stocks and flows by gender, age and education. We decompose contributions of private and public job-finding and job-separation rates to fluctuations in the unemployment rate. Public-sector employment contributes 20 percent to fluctuations in the unemployment rate in the UK, 15 percent in France and 10 percent in Spain and the US. Private-sector workers would forgo 0.5 to 2.9 percent of their wage to have the same job security as public-sector workers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/207404
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12579
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Public-sector employment, wages and human capital accumulation
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Cyprus, Department of Economics ; 2019, 07
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Jumping the queue
    nepotismand public-sector pay
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Cyprus, Department of Economics ; 2019, 08
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. You're the one that i want!
    public employment and women's labor market outcomes
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In most countries, the public sector hires disproportionally more women than men. We document gender differences in employment, transition probabilities, hours, and wages in the public and private sector using microdata for the United States, the... mehr

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    In most countries, the public sector hires disproportionally more women than men. We document gender differences in employment, transition probabilities, hours, and wages in the public and private sector using microdata for the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Spain. We then build a search and matching model where men and women decide if to participate and if to enter private or public sector labor markets. We calibrate our model separately to the four countries. Running counterfactual experiments, we quantify whether the selection of women into the public sector is driven by: (i) lower gender wage gaps and thus relatively higher wages for women in the public sector, (ii) possibilities of better conciliation of work and family life for public sector workers, (iii) greater job security in the public compared to the private sector, or (iv) intrinsic preferences for public sector occupations. We find that, quantitatively, women's higher public sector wage premia and their preferences for working in the public sector explain most of the selection. We calculate the monetary value of public sector job security and work-life balance premia, for both men and women, and we estimate how higher public sector wages and employment affect male and female unemployment, inactivity rates, and wages differently.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12702
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. European sovereign bond and stock market granger causality dynamics
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Warwick economics research papers ; no: 1405 (April 2022)
    Schlagworte: Sovereign Bond Yields; Stock Markets; Vector Autoregression; Markov-Switching; Granger Causality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Labour market flows
    accounting for the public sector
    Erschienen: October 17, 2019
    Verlag:  CFM, Centre for Macroeconomics, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CFM discussion paper series ; CFM-DP 2019, 19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Public employment redux
    Erschienen: December 7, 2019
    Verlag:  CFM, Centre for Macroeconomics, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CFM discussion paper series ; CFM-DP 2020, 01
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Output costs of education and skill mismatch
    Erschienen: February 6, 2020
    Verlag:  CFM, Centre for Macroeconomics, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CFM discussion paper series ; CFM-DP 2020, 06
    Schlagworte: Theorie der Arbeitslosigkeit; Qualifikation; Friktionelle Arbeitslosigkeit; Berufsbildung; Soziale Kosten; Lohn; Theorie; OECD-Staaten
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Temporary replacement workers in a matching model with employment at will
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In the US almost 3 per cent of employees are absent from their job for reasons other than vacation, but are still technically employed. We argue that firms may find optimal to use temporary replacement workers to fill these vacant positions. We set... mehr

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    In the US almost 3 per cent of employees are absent from their job for reasons other than vacation, but are still technically employed. We argue that firms may find optimal to use temporary replacement workers to fill these vacant positions. We set up a matching model with directed search and double-sided heterogeneity. When a workers is temporarily forced out of the labour market, firms can freely destroy the job, put it in "mothball", or look for a temporary worker to "keep the seat warm". When the latter option is optimal, a market for temporary replacement workers emerges in equilibrium. In a quantitative application to the US labor market, replacement workers represent 2.7 per cent of total employment.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265724
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15503
    Schlagworte: replacement workers; short-duration jobs; temporary jobs; worker heterogeneity; firm heterogeneity; employment at will
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Public-sector compensation over the life cycle
    Erschienen: March 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The size of the public sector in terms of employment and compensation has a strong life-cycle dimension. We establish a quantitative partial-equilibrium life-cycle model with incomplete markets, private and public sectors, and risk-averse workers,... mehr

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    The size of the public sector in terms of employment and compensation has a strong life-cycle dimension. We establish a quantitative partial-equilibrium life-cycle model with incomplete markets, private and public sectors, and risk-averse workers, and use it to (i) calculate three dimensions of public-sector compensation: wage, pension, and job-security premia, and (ii) quantify the effects of harmonizing the compensation in the two sectors. We find that the job-security and pension's premia are important forms of compensation to public-sector workers. Harmonizing the characteristics of public employment with those of the private sector would lower the unemployment rate and reduce government costs.

     

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    hdl: 10419/216354
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13042
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Jumping the queue
    nepotism and public-sector pay
    Erschienen: March 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We set up a model with search and matching frictions to understand the effects of employment and wage policies, as well as nepotism in hiring in the public sector, on unemployment and rent seeking. Conditional on inefficiently high public-sector... mehr

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    We set up a model with search and matching frictions to understand the effects of employment and wage policies, as well as nepotism in hiring in the public sector, on unemployment and rent seeking. Conditional on inefficiently high public-sector wages, more nepotism in public-sector hiring lowers the unemployment rate because it limits the size of queues for public-sector jobs. Wage and employment policies impose an endogenous constraint on the number of workers the government can hire through connections.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/216398
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13086
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Public employment redux
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Most of the existing evidence on the effectiveness of family leave policies comes from studies focusing on their impacts on affected families - that is, mothers, fathers, and their children - without a clear understanding of the costs and effects on... mehr

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    Most of the existing evidence on the effectiveness of family leave policies comes from studies focusing on their impacts on affected families - that is, mothers, fathers, and their children - without a clear understanding of the costs and effects on firms and coworkers. We use data from Denmark to evaluate the effect on firms and coworkers when a worker gives birth and goes on leave. Using a dynamic difference-in-differences design, we compare small firms in which a female employee is about to give birth to an observationally equivalent sample of small firms with female employees who are not close to giving birth. Identification rests on a parallel trends assumption, which we substantiate through a set of natural validity checks. When an employee gives birth she goes on leave from her firm for 9.5 months on average. Firms respond by increasing their labor inputs along several margins such that the net effect on total work hours is close to zero. Firms' total wage bill increases in response to leave take up, but this is driven entirely by wages paid to workers on leave for which firms receive reimbursement. There are no measurable effects on firm output, profitability or survival. Finally, coworkers of the woman going on leave see temporary increases in their hours, earnings, and likelihood of being employed but experience no significant changes in well-being at work as proxied by sick days. Overall, our results suggest that employees going on parental leave impose negligible costs on their firm and coworkers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/215267
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12871
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Public employment redux
    Erschienen: 16 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14321
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  14. Output costs of education and skill mismatch
    Erschienen: February 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We propose a simple theory of under- and over-employment. Individuals of high type can perform both skilled and unskilled jobs, but only a fraction of low-type workers can perform skilled jobs. People have different non-pecuniary values over these... mehr

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    We propose a simple theory of under- and over-employment. Individuals of high type can perform both skilled and unskilled jobs, but only a fraction of low-type workers can perform skilled jobs. People have different non-pecuniary values over these jobs, akin to a Roy model. We calibrate two versions of the model to match moments of 17 OECD economies, considering separately education and skills mismatch. The cost of mismatch is 3% of output on average but varies between -1% to 9% across countries. The key variable that explains the output cost of mismatch is not the percentage of mismatched workers but their wage relative to well-matched workers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/215370
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12974
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Technological change and the decline of public investment
    Erschienen: June 2014
    Verlag:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: June 2014
    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series ; no. 1685
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Public-sector employment, wages and education decisions
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We set up a search and matching model with a private and a public sector to understand the effects of employment and wage policies in the public sector on unemployment and education decisions. The effects on the educational composition of the labor... mehr

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    We set up a search and matching model with a private and a public sector to understand the effects of employment and wage policies in the public sector on unemployment and education decisions. The effects on the educational composition of the labor force depend crucially on the structure of the labor market. An increase of skilled public-sector wages has a small positive impact on educational composition and larger negative impact on the private employment of skilled workers, if the two sectors are segmented. If there are movements across the two sectors, it has large positive impacts on education and on skilled private employment. We highlight the usefulness of the model for policymakers by calculating the value of public-sector job security for skilled and unskilled workers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/272628
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16001
    Schlagworte: public-sector employment; public-sector wages; unemployment; skilled workers; education decision; public-sector job security premium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Literacy and primary school expansion in Portugal: 1940-62
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  UC3M, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, [Getafe (Spain)]

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    hdl: 10016/28328
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2019, 07
    Schlagworte: Schulpolitik; Grundschule; Räumliche Verteilung; Schulbesuch; Analphabetismus; Geschichte; Portugal
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Meritocracy, public-sector pay and human capital accumulation
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Cyprus, Department of Economics ; 2018, 08
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  19. Heterogeneity and the public sector wage policy
    Autor*in: Gomes, Pedro
    Erschienen: October 2017
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    A model with search and matching frictions and heterogeneous workers was established to evaluate a reform of the public sector wage policy in steady-state. The model was calibrated to the UK economy based on Labour Force Survey data. A review of the... mehr

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    A model with search and matching frictions and heterogeneous workers was established to evaluate a reform of the public sector wage policy in steady-state. The model was calibrated to the UK economy based on Labour Force Survey data. A review of the pay received by all public sector workers to align the distribution of wages with the private sector reduces steady-state unemployment by 1.4 percentage points.

     

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    hdl: 10419/174001
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 11091
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  20. Interactions between private and public sector wages
    Erschienen: 2008
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main

    We analyse the interactions between public and private sector wages per employee in OECD countries. We motivate the analysis with a dynamic labour market equilibrium model with search and matching frictions to study the effects of public sector... mehr

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    We analyse the interactions between public and private sector wages per employee in OECD countries. We motivate the analysis with a dynamic labour market equilibrium model with search and matching frictions to study the effects of public sector employment and wages on the labour market, particularly on private sector wages. Our empirical evidence shows that the growth of public sector wages and of public sector employment positively affects the growth of private sector wages. Moreover, total factor productivity, the unemployment rate, hours per worker, and inflation, are also important determinants of private sector wage growth. With respect to public sector wage growth, we find that, in addition to some market related variables, it is also influenced by fiscal conditions

     

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    hdl: 10419/153405
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; 971
    Schlagworte: Vergütungssystem im öffentlichen Dienst; Lohn; Privatwirtschaft; Lohnniveau; Vergütungssystem; OECD-Staaten
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (55 S., 1167 KB), graph. Darst.
  21. Fiscal policy and the labour market
    the effect of public sector employment and wages
    Autor*in: Gomes, Pedro
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    I build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with search and matching frictions and two sectors in order to study the labour market effects of public sector employment and wages. Public sector wages plays an important role in achieving the... mehr

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    I build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with search and matching frictions and two sectors in order to study the labour market effects of public sector employment and wages. Public sector wages plays an important role in achieving the efficient allocation. High wages induce too many unemployed to queue for public sector jobs, while if they are low, the government faces recruitment problems. The optimal steady-state wage premium depends mainly on the labour market friction parameters. In response to technology shocks, it is optimal to have procyclical public sector wages. Deviations from the optimal policy can increase the volatility of unemployment significantly. Public sector wage and employment shocks have mixed effects on unemployment. A wage shock raises the unemployment rate, while a reduction in the separations lowers it. Hiring more people can increase or decrease the unemployment rate. All shocks raise the wage and crowd out employment in the private sector. In the empirical part, I employ Bayesian methods to estimate the parameters of the model for the United States. I find that the direct search mechanism between the two sectors is an important element to explain business cycle fluctuations of the labour market variables. -- public sector employment ; public sector wages ; unemployment ; fiscal shocks

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/52043
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 5321
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 59 S., 836 KB), graph. Darst.
  22. Interactions between private and public sector wages
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    We examine the interactions between public and private sector wages per employee in OECD countries. The growth of public sector wages and of public sector employment positively affects the growth of private sector wages. Moreover, total factor... mehr

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    We examine the interactions between public and private sector wages per employee in OECD countries. The growth of public sector wages and of public sector employment positively affects the growth of private sector wages. Moreover, total factor productivity, the unemployment rate and the degree of urbanisation are also important determinants of private sector wage growth. With respect to public sector wage growth, we find that it is influenced by fiscal conditions in addition to private sector wages. We then set up a dynamic labour market equilibrium model with two sectors, search and matching frictions and exogenous growth to understand the interaction mechanisms. The model is quantitative consistent with the main estimation findings. -- public sector wages ; private sector wages ; employment ; fiscal policy

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/51905
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 5322
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 33 S., 430 KB), graph. Darst.
  23. Labour market flows
    facts from the United Kingdom
    Autor*in: Gomes, Pedro
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    This paper documents a number of facts about worker gross flows in the United Kingdom for the period between 1993 and 2010. Using Labour Force Survey data, I examine the size and cyclicality of the flows and transition probabilities between... mehr

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    This paper documents a number of facts about worker gross flows in the United Kingdom for the period between 1993 and 2010. Using Labour Force Survey data, I examine the size and cyclicality of the flows and transition probabilities between employment, unemployment and inactivity, from several angles. I examine aggregate conditional transition probabilities, job-to-job flows, employment separations by reason, flows between inactivity and the labour force and flows by education. I decompose contributions of job-finding and job-separation rates to fluctuations in the unemployment rate. Over the past cycle, the job-separation rate has been as relevant as the job-finding rate. -- worker gross flows ; job-finding rate ; job-separation rate ; transition probabilities

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/51680
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 5327
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 25 S., 493 KB), graph. Darst.
  24. A gerência recente do endividamento público brasileiro
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  PUC, Dep. of Economía, Rio de Janeiro

    We use two frameworks to analyze the recent Brazilian public debt management. The first one encompasses the Brazilian optimal public debt management analysis through the examination of the correlations among the main variables to which the public... mehr

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    We use two frameworks to analyze the recent Brazilian public debt management. The first one encompasses the Brazilian optimal public debt management analysis through the examination of the correlations among the main variables to which the public debt is indexed. The second seeks to address the consequences of recent Brazilian economic policies, such as international reserves accumulation through sterilized interventions by the Central Bank and excessive capitalization of federal financial institutions. Those policies have important, albeit often ignored, fiscal impacts, which became important to determine the current size, maturity and composition of the public debt stock. -- optimal public debt management ; Brazil ; public bonded debt

     

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    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/176078
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Economia ; 595
    Schlagworte: Schuldenmanagement; Öffentliche Schulden; Wirtschaftspolitik; Brasilien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 23 S., 1,34 MB), graph. Darst.
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  25. Interactions between private and public sector wages
    Erschienen: 2008
    Verlag:  ISEG, Dep. of Economics, Lisboa

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / ISEG, School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics ; 2008,55
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (50 S.), graph. Darst.