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  1. Poverty, inequality, and growth
    trends, policies, and controversies
    Autor*in: Ferreira, Ines A.; Salvucci, Vincenzo; Tarp, Finn
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Reducing poverty and inequality and promoting inclusive growth are fundamental to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Much has changed in the global economy in recent decades and perspectives on progress made vary widely. This... mehr

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    Reducing poverty and inequality and promoting inclusive growth are fundamental to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Much has changed in the global economy in recent decades and perspectives on progress made vary widely. This is even more so in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, getting to grips in a meaningful manner with existing trends is critical to evidence-based policy-making. This contribution aims to provide an original review and evaluation of the main stylized facts concerning poverty, inequality, and growth. It will uncover existing trends, put controversies into perspective, and help to provide a platform for informed policy debate.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292671747
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/264348
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 43
    Schlagworte: poverty; inequality; growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Character or context
    what explains behavioural dishonesty in low-income countries?
    Autor*in: Ferreira, Ines A.; Jones, Sam; Mouco, Jorge
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We run a lab-in-the-field experiment with 1,060 university students in Mozambique to examine the correlates of behavioural dishonesty, distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Using an incentivized dice game, which yields direct... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We run a lab-in-the-field experiment with 1,060 university students in Mozambique to examine the correlates of behavioural dishonesty, distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Using an incentivized dice game, which yields direct estimates of the propensity to cheat, we find that the effects of demographic and personality traits (e.g., gender, work ethic) generally run in the opposite direction to previous studies. Contingent situational factors, including temperature, humidity, and the number of participants in the room, are associated with large differences in dishonesty-for example, on warm and humid days the predicted cheating rate increased by 14 percentage points. However, in line with theories of trait activation, these extrinsic effects are highly heterogeneous and interact with intrinsic factors, which we believe constitutes an important area for further research.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9789292568559
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229322
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 98
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Enthält im Anhang einen Fragebogen in portugiesischer Sprache
  3. On the impact of inequality on growth, human development, and governance
    Autor*in: Ferreira, Ines A.; Gisselquist, Rachel M.; Tarp, Finn
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Countering recent rises in many countries of inequality in income and wealth is widely recognized as a major development challenge. This is so from an ethical perspective and because greater inequality is perceived to be detrimental to key... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Countering recent rises in many countries of inequality in income and wealth is widely recognized as a major development challenge. This is so from an ethical perspective and because greater inequality is perceived to be detrimental to key development aims. Still, an informed debate on the effects of inequality requires clear evidence. This review contributes to the literature by taking stock and providing an overview of current knowledge of the impact of income inequality on three important outcomes: economic growth, health and education as two dimensions of human development, and governance, with a focus on democracy. Drawing on the insights from different disciplines and considering recent work, it reveals that existing evidence provides somewhat mixed results and argues for a need for further in-depth empirical work. It also points to explanations for the lack of consensus embedded in data quality and availability, measurement issues, and the shortcomings of the different methods employed. Finally, we point to promising future research avenues relying on experimental work for micro level analysis, more region- and country-specific studies, and reiterate the need for improvements in the availability and reliability of data.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292569723
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243360
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 34
    Schlagworte: inequality; growth; health; education; governance; review
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The determinants of occupational sorting
    evidence from Mozambique
    Autor*in: Ferreira, Ines A.; Jones, Sam; Mouco, Jorge; Santos, Ricardo
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We examine the link between individual characteristics and sorting into different occupations using data from university students in Mozambique. We provide a comprehensive approach combining the main determinants of occupational sorting identified in... mehr

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    We examine the link between individual characteristics and sorting into different occupations using data from university students in Mozambique. We provide a comprehensive approach combining the main determinants of occupational sorting identified in the literature in a single framework to test both the importance and mutual independence of different groups of factors: fixed personal characteristics, job characteristics, economic preferences, and personality traits. We widen the typical scope of analysis by including the non-profit sector and selfemployment as alternative options to the public and private sectors, given their importance in the context of low-income countries. In line with previous work, we find that age and gender are important determinants of occupational choice. Our results give more weight to the importance of job characteristics as determinants of individuals' preferences compared to the effects of economic preferences and personality traits. We find a particularly surprising profile for those preferring the public sector, namely that they have a high propensity to cheat and a high score for neuroticism. Moreover, we do not find a significant effect of risk preferences or pro-sociality on the preference for this sector.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670214
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243409
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 83
    Schlagworte: occupational choices; economic preferences; personal characteristics; Mozambique
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Absolute or relative
    perceptions of inequality among young adults in Mozambique
    Autor*in: Barletta, Giulia; Ferreira, Ines A.; Salvucci, Vincenzo
    Erschienen: February 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Different concepts of inequality lead to different positions in discussions about whether economic growth leads to increasing inequality. This study investigates how over 1,100 young adults in Mozambique perceive inequality and whether their... mehr

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    Different concepts of inequality lead to different positions in discussions about whether economic growth leads to increasing inequality. This study investigates how over 1,100 young adults in Mozambique perceive inequality and whether their perceptions are based on relative or absolute terms. It follows the line of work which examines attitudes (perceptions and preferences) towards different distributional axioms, and focuses on scale and translation invariance. Most of our respondents believe that inequality in their neighbourhood is too high and that circumstances beyond their control explain why some people are poor. We conclude that, while some respondents think in absolute terms, many do not agree with either the scale-invariance or the translation-invariance axioms, and there is great variation depending on the scenario presented to the respondents. We find some correlation between their way of thinking and gender, but no clear link with level of education and type of employment.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292673406
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283728
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 32
    Schlagworte: inequality; perceptions; absolute; relative; distributional axioms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The saga and limits of public financial management
    the Mozambican case
    Autor*in: Cruz, António; Ferreira, Ines A.; Flentø, Johnny; Tarp, Finn; Umarji, Mariam
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    At independence in 1975, the Frelimo government took over public administration from the colonial system and started to transform it. The public financial management (PFM) system was adapted to the central planning and management of the economy in... mehr

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    At independence in 1975, the Frelimo government took over public administration from the colonial system and started to transform it. The public financial management (PFM) system was adapted to the central planning and management of the economy in line with nationalist and Marxist-Leninist thinking. Collapse followed in the mid-1980s, amidst the Cold War and the liberalization of the economy. The PFM system was gradually and systematically reformed towards more transparent and efficient mechanisms, and successful reforms did coincide with high rates of economic growth for more than 20 years, after 1993. The reform process was supported by sizeable foreign aid to the extent that Mozambique became highly aid dependent. As the nationalist agenda became more forceful from around 2005-10, when the existence of large natural gas reserves in the Rovuma Basin was confirmed, the extraction of natural resources became the main government focus as a source of public revenue, and severe cracks in the PFM system started to emerge. The 'hidden debt' scandal in 2013-14, the renewed conflict between Frelimo and Renamo from 2013, and the insurgency war in Cabo Delgado from 2017 put the PFM system under pressure and performance suffered accordingly with significant economic and social costs. The paper brings out how difficult it is to make institutional reforms work, within a structure of political and economic power that may not benefit from them, even in the context of a high degree of aid dependence.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670764
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    hdl: 10419/248350
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 136
    Schlagworte: public financial management; Mozambique; reforms; general budget support
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The relative neglect of agriculture in Mozambique
    Autor*in: Carrilho, João Z.; Ferreira, Ines A.; Ribeiro, Rui N.; Tarp, Finn
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper explores agricultural performance of Mozambique, its institutional weaknesses, and the underlying factors that underpin an unsatisfactory performance during many decades. We point to the role of systemic political instability and violence... mehr

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    This paper explores agricultural performance of Mozambique, its institutional weaknesses, and the underlying factors that underpin an unsatisfactory performance during many decades. We point to the role of systemic political instability and violence combined with challenges to state legitimacy. Regional divides and lack of market integration continue to influence in a critical and all-encompassing manner. Finally, the way in which the interests of the elite and the influence of donors have affected progress in the agriculture sector suggests the need for concerted reorientation in existing strategies, policies, and priorities. This is reinforced by future challenges, including the extractive industry; population growth and internal migration; national and international markets; climate change; and COVID-19. We highlight the need to place the future of agriculture in Mozambique within a long-term perspective, focusing on the adoption and stabilization of an institutional framework aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and preserving the environment.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670757
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    hdl: 10419/248349
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 135
    Schlagworte: agriculture; environment; institutions; agricultural policy; productivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  8. An empirical analysis of state fragility and growth
    the impact of state ineffectiveness and political violence
    Autor*in: Ferreira, Ines A.
    Erschienen: February 2018
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The role of the state in promoting development is well established in the institutional economics literature. Yet, in recent decades the attention has been turned to the opposite side of the spectrum. Facing high levels of poverty and showing a... mehr

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    The role of the state in promoting development is well established in the institutional economics literature. Yet, in recent decades the attention has been turned to the opposite side of the spectrum. Facing high levels of poverty and showing a slower progress in achieving development outcomes, fragile states raised concerns among the development community, which felt urged to assist them. However, the quantitative empirical literature examining the link between state fragility and development is still relatively scanty. This paper sheds light on this issue by proposing an approach that comprises indicators for state ineffectiveness and political violence as two dimensions of state fragility, and by using data for the period 1993-2012 in order to understand their impact on growth. The results from standard econometric methods suggest that there is a significant negative effect of state ineffectiveness on economic growth, whereas they fail to find any significant impact of political violence.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292564711
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    hdl: 10419/190078
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2018, 29
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Institutions and governance in Mozambique
    a bird's eye view based on existing databases
    Autor*in: Ferreira, Ines A.
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Using publicly available databases and drawing on a wide range of indicators, this paper reviews the institutional performance of Mozambique across seven broad categories: rule of law and judicial independence; voice and freedom of... mehr

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    Using publicly available databases and drawing on a wide range of indicators, this paper reviews the institutional performance of Mozambique across seven broad categories: rule of law and judicial independence; voice and freedom of expression/association; political participation; accountability and transparency; political instability and violence, and external relations; state legitimacy and political leadership; and governance and state capacity. Overall, the selected indicators point to similar trends within each dimension and suggest limited progress during the last decades. Still, it is fundamental that these insights and the scores presented by the indicators are put into context, and that we understand the historical path of Mozambique, the internal and external factors at play, and the fact that it takes time for progress achieved to be reflected in this type of data.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292674618
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    hdl: 10419/283849
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2024, 3
    Schlagworte: Mozambique; institutions; governance; indicators; databases
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen