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  1. When the great equalizer shuts down
    schools, peers, and parents in pandemic times
    Autor*in: Agostinelli, Francesco; Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 28264
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Lockdown; Schule; Schüler
    Umfang: 49 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  2. When the great equalizer shuts down
    schools, peers, and parents in pandemic times
    Autor*in: Agostinelli, Francesco; Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

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    Schriftenreihe: Cowles Foundation discussion paper ; no. 2267 (December 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. It takes a village: the economics of parenting with neighborhood and peer effects
    Autor*in: Agostinelli, Francesco; Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

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    Schriftenreihe: Cowles Foundation discussion paper ; no. 2228 (April 2020)
    Schlagworte: Jugendliche; Weiterführende Schule; Bildungsinvestition; Eltern; Soziale Gruppe; Nachbarschaft; Schätzung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. This time it's different
    the role of women's employment in a pandemic recession
    Autor*in: Alon, Titan; Doepke, Matthias; Olmstead-Rumsey, Jane; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27660
    Schlagworte: Arbeitslosigkeit; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte; Männliche Arbeitskräfte; Coronavirus; Wirtschaftskrise; Lohnstruktur; USA
    Umfang: 62 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  5. This time it's different
    the role of women's employment in a pandemic recession
    Autor*in: Tertilt, Michele; Doepke, Matthias; Alon, Titan; Olmstead-Rumsey, Jane
    Erschienen: 10 August 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP15149
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten)
  6. This time it's different: the role of women's employment in a pandemic recession
    Autor*in: Alon, Titan; Doepke, Matthias; Olmstead-Rumsey, Jane; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In recent US recessions, employment losses have been much larger for men than for women. Yet, in the current recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the opposite is true: unemployment is higher among women. In this paper, we analyze the causes and... mehr

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    In recent US recessions, employment losses have been much larger for men than for women. Yet, in the current recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the opposite is true: unemployment is higher among women. In this paper, we analyze the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. We argue that women have experienced sharp employment losses both because their employment is concentrated in heavily affected sectors such as restaurants, and due to increased childcare needs caused by school and daycare closures, preventing many women from working. We analyze the repercussions of this trend using a quantitative macroeconomic model featuring heterogeneity in gender, marital status, childcare needs, and human capital. Our quantitative analysis suggests that a pandemic recession will i) feature a strong transmission from employment to aggregate demand due to diminished within-household insurance; ii) result in a widening of the gender wage gap throughout the recovery; and iii) contribute to a weakening of the gender norms that currently produce a lopsided distribution of the division of labor in home work and childcare.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/224004
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13562
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. When the great equalizer shuts down: schools, peers, and parents in pandemic times
    Autor*in: Agostinelli, Francesco; Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    What are the effects of school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic on children's education? Online education is an imperfect substitute for in-person learning, particularly for children from low-income families. Peer effects also change: schools... mehr

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    What are the effects of school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic on children's education? Online education is an imperfect substitute for in-person learning, particularly for children from low-income families. Peer effects also change: schools allow children from different socio-economic backgrounds to mix together, and this effect is lost when schools are closed. Another factor is the response of parents, some of whom compensate for the changed environment through their own efforts, while others are unable to do so. We examine the interaction of these factors with the aid of a structural model of skill formation. We find that school closures have a large and persistent effect on educational outcomes that is highly unequal. High school students from poor neighborhoods suffer a learning loss of 0.4 standard deviations, whereas children from rich neighborhoods remain unscathed. The channels operating through schools, peers, and parents all contribute to growing educational inequality during the pandemic.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232717
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13965
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Why didn't the college premium rise everywhere?
    employment protection and on-the-job investment in skills
    Autor*in: Doepke, Matthias; Gaetani, Ruben
    Erschienen: June 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27331
    Schlagworte: Bildungsertrag; Arbeitnehmerschutz; Betriebliches Bildungsmanagement; Bildungsinvestition; USA; Deutschland
    Umfang: 52 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  9. From Mancession to Shecession
    Women's Employment in Regular and Pandemic Recessions
    Autor*in: Alon, Titan; Coskun, Sena; Doepke, Matthias; Koll, David; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine the impact of the global recession triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic on women's versus men's employment. Whereas recent recessions in advanced economies usually had a disproportionate impact on men's employment, giving rise to the moniker... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We examine the impact of the global recession triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic on women's versus men's employment. Whereas recent recessions in advanced economies usually had a disproportionate impact on men's employment, giving rise to the moniker "mancessions," we show that the pandemic recession of 2020 was a "shecession" in most countries with larger employment declines among women. We examine the causes behind this pattern using micro data from several national labor force surveys, and show that both the composition of women's employment across industries and occupations as well as increased childcare needs during closures of schools and daycare centers made important contributions. While many countries exhibit similar patterns, we also emphasize how policy choices such as furloughing policies and the extent of school closures shape the pandemic's impact on the labor market. Another notable finding is the central role of telecommuting: gender gaps in the employment impact of the pandemic arise almost entirely among workers who are unable to work from home. Nevertheless, among telecommuters a different kind of gender gap arises: women working from home during the pandemic spent more work time also doing childcare and experienced greater productivity reductions than men. We discuss what our findings imply for gender equality in a post-pandemic labor market that will likely continue to be characterized by pervasive telecommuting

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28632
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Konjunktur; Beschäftigungseffekt; Geschlecht; Vergleich; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte; Arbeitskräfte; Welt
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  10. A soul's view of the optimal population problem
    Autor*in: De la Croix, David; Doepke, Matthias
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between... mehr

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    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between population size and the welfare of each person alive. A welfare criterion that speaks to this issue inherently requires evaluating the welfare of nonexistent people, because some people exist only in some allocations but not in others. To make progress, we consider the population problem in an environment where population is variable, but there is a fixed supply of souls, who may experience multiple incarnations over time. Rather than pondering the value of nonexistence, from the souls' perspective comparing larger or smaller populations merely involves valuing shorter or longer waits until the next incarnation. We argue that such comparisons are possible on the basis of introspection and lead to intuitive welfare criteria with attractive properties. We emphasize that one does not have to believe in reincarnation to accept the resulting criteria - rather, reincarnation serves as a metaphor to facilitate the necessary utility comparisons.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236253
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14222
    Schlagworte: Wohlfahrtsökonomik; Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion; Ethik; Utilitarismus; Soziale Diskontrate; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Theorie; population ethics; repugnant conclusion; endogenous discounting; utilitarianism; reincarnation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. From mancession to shecession: women's employment in regular and pandemic recessions
    Autor*in: Alon, Titan; Coskun, Sena; Doepke, Matthias; Koll, David; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the impact of the global recession triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic on women's versus men's employment. Whereas recent recessions in advanced economies usually had a disproportionate impact on men's employment, giving rise to the moniker... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    We examine the impact of the global recession triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic on women's versus men's employment. Whereas recent recessions in advanced economies usually had a disproportionate impact on men's employment, giving rise to the moniker "mancessions," we show that the pandemic recession of 2020 was a "shecession" in most countries with larger employment declines among women. We examine the causes behind this pattern using micro data from several national labor force surveys, and show that both the composition of women's employment across industries and occupations as well as increased childcare needs during closures of schools and daycare centers made important contributions. While many countries exhibit similar patterns, we also emphasize how policy choices such as furloughing policies and the extent of school closures shape the pandemic's impact on the labor market. Another notable finding is the central role of telecommuting: gender gaps in the employment impact of the pandemic arise almost entirely among workers who are unable to work from home. Nevertheless, among telecommuters a different kind of gender gap arises: women working from home during the pandemic spent more work time also doing childcare and experienced greater productivity reductions than men. We discuss what our findings imply for gender equality in a post-pandemic labor market that will likely continue to be characterized by pervasive telecommuting.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236254
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14223
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; pandemics; recessions; business cycle; gender equality; school closures; childcare; gender wage gap
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 104 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. A Soul's View of the Optimal Population Problem
    Autor*in: De la Croix, David; Doepke, Matthias
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between population size and the welfare of each person alive. A welfare criterion that speaks to this issue inherently requires evaluating the welfare of nonexistent people, because some people exist only in some allocations but not in others. To make progress, we consider the population problem in an environment where population is variable, but there is a fixed supply of souls, who may experience multiple incarnations over time. Rather than pondering the value of nonexistence, from the souls' perspective comparing larger or smaller populations merely involves valuing shorter or longer waits until the next incarnation. We argue that such comparisons are possible on the basis of introspection and lead to intuitive welfare criteria with attractive properties. We emphasize that one does not have to believe in reincarnation to accept the resulting criteria; rather, reincarnation serves as a metaphor to facilitate the necessary utility comparisons

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28554
    Schlagworte: Wohlfahrtsökonomik; Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion; Ethik; Utilitarismus; Soziale Diskontrate; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Theorie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  13. The economics of parenting
    Autor*in: Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
    Erschienen: 01 February 2019
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP13500
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The economics of fertility
    a new era
    Autor*in: Doepke, Matthias; Hannusch, Anne; Kindermann, Fabian; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In this survey, we argue that the economic analysis of fertility has entered a new era. First-generation models of fertility choice were designed to account for two empirical regularities that, in the past, held both across countries and across... mehr

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    In this survey, we argue that the economic analysis of fertility has entered a new era. First-generation models of fertility choice were designed to account for two empirical regularities that, in the past, held both across countries and across families in a given country: a negative relationship between income and fertility, and another negative relationship between women's labor force participation and fertility. The economics of fertility has entered a new era because these stylized facts no longer universally hold. In high-income countries, the income-fertility relationship has flattened and in some cases reversed, and the cross-country relationship between women's labor force participation and fertility is now positive. We summarize these new facts and describe new models that are designed to address them. The common theme of these new theories is that they view factors that determine the compatibility of women's career and family goals as key drivers of fertility. We highlight four factors that facilitate combining a career with a family: family policy, cooperative fathers, favorable social norms, and flexible labor markets. We also review other recent developments in the literature, and we point out promising new directions for future research on the economics of fertility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263440
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15224
    Schlagworte: fertility; family economics; marital bargaining
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 131 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Educational inequality
    Autor*in: Blanden, Jo; Doepke, Matthias; Stuhler, Jan
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how... mehr

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    This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how patterns of educational inequality vary across countries, time, and generations, and establish a link between educational inequality and social mobility. We interpret this evidence from the perspective of economic models of skill acquisition and investment in human capital. The models account for different channels underlying unequal education and highlight how endogenous responses in parents' and children's educational investments generate a close link between economic inequality and educational inequality. Given concerns over the extended school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic, we also summarize early evidence on the impact of the pandemic on children's education and on possible long-run repercussions for educational inequality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263441
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15225
    Schlagworte: educational inequality; education finance; social mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 128 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Educational inequality
    Autor*in: Blanden, Jo; Doepke, Matthias; Stuhler, Jan
    Erschienen: 11 April 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17211
    Schlagworte: educational inequality; Education Finance; Social mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 129 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Gendered impacts of Covid-19 in developing countries
    Autor*in: Alon, Titan; Doepke, Matthias; Manysheva, Kristina; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  BREAD, the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development, [Cambridge, Massachusetts]

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    Schriftenreihe: BREAD working paper ; no. 603
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Beschäftigungseffekt; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte; Mütter; Nigeria; Entwicklungsländer
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Education inequality
    Autor*in: Blanden, Jo; Doepke, Matthias; Stuhler, Jan
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1849 (April 2022)
    Schlagworte: educational inequality; education finance; children
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, Illustrationen
  19. Do rising returns to education justify "helicopter" parenting?
    increased stakes in educational achievement explain why today's anxious parents engage in intensive parenting styles
    Autor*in: Doepke, Matthias; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Parents now engage in much more intensive parenting styles compared to a few decades ago. Today's parents supervise their children more closely, spend more time interacting with them, help much more with homework, and place more emphasis on... mehr

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    Parents now engage in much more intensive parenting styles compared to a few decades ago. Today's parents supervise their children more closely, spend more time interacting with them, help much more with homework, and place more emphasis on educational achievement. More intensive parenting has also led to more unequal parenting: highly educated parents with high incomes have increased their parenting investments the most, leading to a growing "parenting gap" in society. These trends can contribute to declining social mobility and further exacerbate rising inequality, which raises the question of how policymakers should respond.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260721
    Schriftenreihe: IZA world of labor ; 2021, 487
    Schlagworte: parenting; parenting style; inequality; returns to education
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen10.15185/izawol.487
  20. The economics of fertility
    a new era
    Autor*in: Doepke, Matthias; Hannusch, Anne; Kindermann, Fabian; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: 11 April 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17212
    Schlagworte: Fertility; Family Economics; marital bargaining
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 132 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The economics of women's rights
    Autor*in: Tertilt, Michele; Doepke, Matthias; Montenbruck, Laura; Hannusch, Anne
    Erschienen: 02 November 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17637
    Schlagworte: Frauenpolitik; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; Gleichberechtigung; Bildungsinvestition; Gesundheitskosten; Humankapital; Wirtschaftswachstum; Entwicklung; Welt; Women’s Rights; Female Suffrage; Family Economics; Bargaining; Political Economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten)
  22. The Economics of Women's Rights
    Autor*in: Tertilt, Michele; Doepke, Matthias; Montenbruck, Laura; Hannusch, Anne
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Two centuries ago, in most countries around the world, women were unable to vote, had no say over their own children or property, and could not obtain a divorce. Women have gradually gained rights in many areas of life, and this legal expansion has... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Two centuries ago, in most countries around the world, women were unable to vote, had no say over their own children or property, and could not obtain a divorce. Women have gradually gained rights in many areas of life, and this legal expansion has been closely intertwined with economic development. We aim to understand the drivers behind these reforms. To this end, we distinguish between four types of women's rights--economic, political, labor, and body--and document their evolution over the past 50 years across countries. We summarize the political-economy mechanisms that link economic development to changes in women's rights and show empirically that these mechanisms account for a large share of the variation in women's rights across countries and over time

     
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  23. The impact of COVID-19 on gender equality
    Autor*in: Alon, Titan; Doepke, Matthias; Olmstead-Rumsey, Jane; Tertilt, Michele
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26947
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Beschäftigungseffekt; Gleichberechtigung; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte; Atypische Beschäftigung; Telearbeit; Kinderbetreuung; USA
    Umfang: 37 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  24. A soul's view of the optimal population problem
    Autor*in: De la Croix, David; Doepke, Matthias
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institut de recherche économiques et sociales, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve

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    Schriftenreihe: LIDAM discussion paper IRES ; 2021, 07
    Schlagworte: Wohlfahrtsökonomik; Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion; Ethik; Utilitarismus; Soziale Diskontrate; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Theorie; Population Ethics; Repugnant Conclusion; Endogenous Discounting; Utilitarianism; Reincarnation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. When the great equalizer shuts down
    schools, peers, and parents in pandemic times
    Autor*in: Agostinelli, Francesco; Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CHILD, Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic Economics, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Università degli studi di Torino, [Torino]

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    Schriftenreihe: CHILD working papers ; no. 81 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Schule; Lockdown; Schüler; Bildungsertrag; Bildungsökonomik; Theorie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen