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  1. The backlash of globalization
    Erschienen: September 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We review the literature on the globalization backlash, seen as the political shift of voters and parties in a protectionist and isolationist direction, with substantive implications on governments' leaning and enacted policies. Using newly assembled... mehr

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    We review the literature on the globalization backlash, seen as the political shift of voters and parties in a protectionist and isolationist direction, with substantive implications on governments' leaning and enacted policies. Using newly assembled data for 23 advanced democracies, we document a protectionist and isolationist shift in electorates, legislatures, and executives from the mid-1990s onwards. This is associated with a noticeable protectionist shift in trade policy - although with some notable nuances - especially since the financial crisis of 2008. We discuss the economics of the backlash. From a theoretical perspective, we highlight how the backlash may arise within standard trade models when taking into account the ‘social footprint’ of globalization. Then, we review the empirical literature on the drivers of the backlash. Two main messages emerge from our analysis: (1) globalization is a significant driver of the backlash, by means of the distributional consequences entailed by rising trade exposure; yet (2) the backlash is only partly determined by trade. Technological change, crisis-driven fiscal austerity, immigration, and cultural concerns are found to play an important role in creating politically consequential cleavages. Looking ahead, we discuss possible future developments, with specific focus on the issue of social mobility.

     

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    hdl: 10419/245470
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9289 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Globalisierung; Bibliometrie; Welt; globalization; social footprint; backlash
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The backlash of globalization
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1800 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: globalization; protectionist and isolationist direction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The backlash of globalization
    Erschienen: 07 September 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16521
    Schlagworte: Globalisierung; Bibliometrie; Welt
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. We were the robots
    automation and voting behavior in Western Europe
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology... mehr

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    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology scores from the Manifesto Project. We measure exposure to automation both at the regional level, based on the ex-ante industry specialization of each region, and at the individual level, based on individual characteristics and pre-sample employment patterns in the region of residence. We instrument robot adoption in each country using the pace of robot adoption in other countries. Higher exposure to robot adoption is found to increase support for nationalist and radical-right parties. Unveiling some potential transmission channels, higher robot exposure at the individual level leads to poorer perceived economic conditions and well-being, lower satisfaction with the government and democracy, and a reduction in perceived political self-efficacy.

     

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    hdl: 10419/201984
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 7758 (July 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. We were the robots
    automation and voting behavior in Western Europe
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology... mehr

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    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology scores from the Manifesto Project. We measure exposure to automation both at the regional level, based on the ex-ante industry specialization of each region, and at the individual level, based on individual characteristics and pre-sample employment patterns in the region of residence. We instrument robot adoption in each country using the pace of robot adoption in other countries. Higher exposure to robot adoption is found to increase support for nationalist and radicalright parties. Unveiling some potential transmission channels, higher robot exposure at the individual level leads to poorer perceived economic conditions andwell-being, lower satisfaction with the government and democracy, and a reduction in perceived political self-efficacy.

     

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    hdl: 10419/202831
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12485
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. We were the robots
    automation and voting behavior in Western Europe
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, Department of Economics, University College London, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration ; CPD 19, 17
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. New imported inputs, wages and worker mobility
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A growing body of research has contributed to understanding the labor market and political effects of globalization. This paper explores an overlooked aspect of trade-induced adjustments in the labor market: the institutional aspect. We take... mehr

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    A growing body of research has contributed to understanding the labor market and political effects of globalization. This paper explores an overlooked aspect of trade-induced adjustments in the labor market: the institutional aspect. We take advantage of the two-tier collective bargaining structure of the Italian labor market, whereby the first tier entails setting minimum wages at the contract level. Using an instrumental variable strategy and exploiting variations in contract-level exposure to trade, we find for the 1995-2003 period that, on average, the surge in imports decreased contractual minimum wages by 1.5%. This impact increases in the share of unskilled workers employed in the contract. This negative institutional effect contrasts with a nonsignificant effect of trade on total wages, with the latter becoming positive and large only for highly skilled workers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/207539
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12715
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The political consequences of green policies
    evidence from Italy
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    For many governments enacting green policies is a priority, but these often entail substantial and uneven costs on citizens. How does the introduction of green policies affect voting? We study this question in the context of a major ban on polluting... mehr

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    For many governments enacting green policies is a priority, but these often entail substantial and uneven costs on citizens. How does the introduction of green policies affect voting? We study this question in the context of a major ban on polluting cars introduced in Milan. The policy was strongly opposed by the right-wing populist party Lega, portraying it as a "radical-chic-leftist" initiative penalizing common people. We show that owners of banned vehicles - who incurred a median loss of €3,750 - were significantly more likely to vote for Lega in the subsequent elections. This electoral shift does not stem from increased environmental skepticism, but rather from the perceived unfairness of the policy and its pocketbook implications. In fact, recipients of compensation from the local government were not more likely to switch to Lega. The findings underscore that addressing the distributive consequences is key for advancing green policies that are politically sustainable.

     

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    hdl: 10419/252116
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9599 (2022)
    Schlagworte: environmental politics; green policies; distributional consequences; compensation mechanisms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The political consequences of green policies
    evidence from Italy
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milano, Italia

    For many governments, enacting green policies is a priority, but such policies often impose on citizens substantial and uneven costs. How does the introduction of green policies affect voting? We study this question in the context of a major ban on... mehr

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    For many governments, enacting green policies is a priority, but such policies often impose on citizens substantial and uneven costs. How does the introduction of green policies affect voting? We study this question in the context of a major ban on polluting cars introduced in Milan, which was strongly opposed by the populist right party Lega. Using several inferential strategies, we show that owners of banned vehicles - who incurred a median loss of €3,750 - were significantly more likely to vote for Lega in the subsequent elections. Our analysis indicates that this electoral change did not stem from a broader shift against environmentalism, but rather from disaffection with the policy's uneven pocketbook implications. In line with this pattern, recipients of compensation from the local government were not more likely to switch to Lega. The findings highlight the central importance of distributive consequences in shaping the political ramifications of green policies.

     

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    hdl: 10419/267493
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei ; 2022, 28
    Schlagworte: environmental politics; green policies; distributional consequences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The social footprint of globalization
    towards the introduction of strategic industries in quantitative trade models
    Erschienen: 08 February 2024
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

    We argue that our understanding of industrial policy in the presence of `strategic' industries that exert positive externalities on the national economy may benefit from an extension of quantitative general equilibrium trade models making the extent... mehr

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    We argue that our understanding of industrial policy in the presence of `strategic' industries that exert positive externalities on the national economy may benefit from an extension of quantitative general equilibrium trade models making the extent and pattern of trade-induced reallocations more salient. To make these features relevant for national welfare, we introduce the notion of the `social footprint' of globalization as the result of suboptimal trade-induced structural transformation in the presence of externalities. For proof of concept, we use simple workhorse models featuring two countries and two industries (only one of which is `strategic') to highlight the role of the `scale elasticity' of the strategic industry and the consequences of the most common assumptions on market structure in quantitative trade analyses.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18820
    Schlagworte: agriculture; Text as data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The social footprint of globalization
    towards the introduction of strategic industries in quantitative trade models
    Erschienen: 08 February 2024
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

    We argue that our understanding of industrial policy in the presence of `strategic' industries that exert positive externalities on the national economy may benefit from an extension of quantitative general equilibrium trade models making the extent... mehr

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    We argue that our understanding of industrial policy in the presence of `strategic' industries that exert positive externalities on the national economy may benefit from an extension of quantitative general equilibrium trade models making the extent and pattern of trade-induced reallocations more salient. To make these features relevant for national welfare, we introduce the notion of the `social footprint' of globalization as the result of suboptimal trade-induced structural transformation in the presence of externalities. For proof of concept, we use simple workhorse models featuring two countries and two industries (only one of which is `strategic') to highlight the role of the `scale elasticity' of the strategic industry and the consequences of the most common assumptions on market structure in quantitative trade analyses.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18820
    Schlagworte: agriculture; Text as data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Globalisation and firm exit
    differences between small and large firms
    Erschienen: 2008
    Verlag:  Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, Gent

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    Schriftenreihe: Vlerick Leuven Gent working paper series ; 2008,06
    Schlagworte: Globalisierung; Oligopol; Unvollkommener Wettbewerb; Marktaustritt; Vergleich; Großunternehmen; KMU; Europa
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 37 S., 192 KB)
  13. Low-cost import competition
    do small firms respond differently?
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  Katholieke Univ. Leuven, Faculty of Business and Economics, Leuven

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    Schriftenreihe: OR ; 1001
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([9] S.)
  14. International trade with heterogenous firms and asymmetric product varieties
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  Katholieke Univ. Leuven, Faculty of Business and Economics, Leuven

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    Schriftenreihe: OR ; 1005
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (26 S.), graph. Darst.
  15. New imported inputs, new domestic products
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, [Milano]

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    Schriftenreihe: Development studies working papers / Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano ; 312
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (37 S.)
  16. The social footprint of globalization
    owards the introduction of strategic industries in quantitative trade models
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1973 (January 2024)
    Schlagworte: globalization; quantitative trade models; trade liberalization; market structure; externalities; strategic industries
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The hidden cost of globalization
    import competition and mental distress
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 10874
    Schlagworte: Globalisierung; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Import; Stress; Arbeitskräfte; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 27, [10] S., graph. Darst.
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  18. The hidden cost of globalization
    import competition and mental distress
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  CESifo, München

    We study the effect of import competition on workers' mental distress. To this purpose, we source information on the mental health of British workers from the British Household Panel Survey, and combine it with measures of import competition in more... mehr

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    We study the effect of import competition on workers' mental distress. To this purpose, we source information on the mental health of British workers from the British Household Panel Survey, and combine it with measures of import competition in more than 100 industries over 2001-2007. We find an increase in import competition to have a positive, statistically significant, and large impact on mental distress. The effect is strikingly robust to controlling for a wide range of individual, household, and industry characteristics. We show that part of the effect is due to import competition worsening the current labor market situation of individuals, in terms of higher probability of job displacement and lower wage growth. Additionally, and most importantly, we show that import competition worsens mental health also for individuals witnessing no change in observable labor market conditions, by increasing stress on the job and worsening expectations about the future.

     

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    hdl: 10419/123217
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 5586
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (27, [11] S.), graph. Darst.