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  1. Trends in absolute income mobility in North America and Europe

    We compute rates of absolute upward income mobility for the 1960-1987 birth cohorts in eight countries in North America and Europe. Rates and trends in absolute mobility varied dramatically across countries during this period: the US and Canada saw... mehr

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    We compute rates of absolute upward income mobility for the 1960-1987 birth cohorts in eight countries in North America and Europe. Rates and trends in absolute mobility varied dramatically across countries during this period: the US and Canada saw upward mobility rates near 50% for recent cohorts, while countries like Norway and Finland saw sustained rates above 70%. Decomposition analysis suggests that differences in the marginal income distributions, especially the amount of cross-cohort income inequality, were the primary driver of differing mobility rates across countries. We also demonstrate that absolute mobility rates can be accurately estimated without linked parent-child data.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246020
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2020, 11
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Challenges for the childcare market: the implications of COVID-19 for childcare providers in England
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    The closures of childcare providers to most families during the COVID-19 crisis have underlined the importance of access to childcare, both to support paid work and to help shape young children's environment. However, the crisis has had severe... mehr

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    The closures of childcare providers to most families during the COVID-19 crisis have underlined the importance of access to childcare, both to support paid work and to help shape young children's environment. However, the crisis has had severe consequences for the finances of childcare providers, which were already weak in several parts of the sector going into the crisis. Despite a range of government support programmes, many providers lost income during lockdown. In the medium term, a longer-lasting fall in demand for childcare or an increase in costs related to social distancing could seriously hamper financial sustainability in the sector going forward. In this report, we assess the consequences of the pandemic - and the resulting public health response - for the finances of early years childcare providers. The pandemic has hit demand for childcare hard: during the lockdown, when only vulnerable children and those with key worker parents were able to access childcare, fewer than 250,000 children aged 0 to 4 were attending childcare on a given day, compared to around 1.4 million before the pandemic. Since June, the sector has been allowed to serve all children in England, but even before the summer holidays, take-up peaked at 420,000 children. We summarise the packages of support available to providers to help them cope with the loss of demand during the lockdown and over the next few months, and we model how these have interacted with the loss of income due to the crisis and with providers' pre-existing finances. We also discuss how the changes to providers' finances might affect capacity in the sector, and whether and how the government might intervene to support providers. [...]

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Lumpkin, Rachel (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781912805983
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235063
    Schriftenreihe: IFS report ; R175
    Schlagworte: Kinderbetreuung; Markt; Coronavirus; Finanzierung; England
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 93 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Trends in intergenerational home ownership and wealth transmission
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1756 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: housing; intergenerational mobility; wealth; cohorts
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Educational inequality
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how... mehr

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    This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how patterns of educational inequality vary across countries, time, and generations, and establish a link between educational inequality and social mobility. We interpret this evidence from the perspective of economic models of skill acquisition and investment in human capital. The models account for different channels underlying unequal education and highlight how endogenous responses in parents' and children's educational investments generate a close link between economic inequality and educational inequality. Given concerns over the extended school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic, we also summarize early evidence on the impact of the pandemic on children's education and on possible long-run repercussions for educational inequality.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263441
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15225
    Schlagworte: educational inequality; education finance; social mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 128 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Educational inequality
    Erschienen: 11 April 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17211
    Schlagworte: educational inequality; Education Finance; Social mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 129 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Education inequality
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1849 (April 2022)
    Schlagworte: educational inequality; education finance; children
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, Illustrationen
  7. Do non-monetary interventions improve staff retention?
    evidence from English NHS hospitals
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Excessive turnover reduces the stock of an organization's human capital. In the public sector, where wage increases are often constrained, managers need to leverage non-monetary working conditions to retain their workers. We investigate whether... mehr

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    Excessive turnover reduces the stock of an organization's human capital. In the public sector, where wage increases are often constrained, managers need to leverage non-monetary working conditions to retain their workers. We investigate whether workers are responsive to improvements in non-wage aspects of their job by evaluating the impact on nurse retention of a programme that encouraged public hospitals to increase staff retention through data monitoring and improving the non-pecuniary aspects of nursing jobs. Employing rich employee-level administrative data from the universe of English NHS hospitals, and a staggered difference-in-difference design, we find that the programme has improved nursing retention within hospitals and decreased exits from the public hospital sector. Our results indicate that a light-touch intervention can shift management behavior and improve hospital workforce turnover. These findings are important in sectors affected by labor supply shortages, and they are especially policy-relevant in the health care context, where such shortages have potentially negative effects on patient outcomes.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265701
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15480
    Schlagworte: labor supply; workforce retention; non-monetary incentives; hospital care; staggered difference-in-differences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Effect of dropout on labour market outcomes for upper secondary vocational track students
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Department of Economics, University of Bergen], [Bergen]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; no. 22, 06
    Schlagworte: human capital; dropout; employment; NEET; vocational education; upper secondary education; apprenticeship; instrumental variable
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Non-monetary interventions, workforce retention and hospital quality
    evidence from the English NHS
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Excessive turnover can signicantly impair an organization's performance. Using high-quality administrative data and staggered dierence-in-dierences strategies, we evaluate the impact of a programme that encouraged public hospitals to increase staff... mehr

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    Excessive turnover can signicantly impair an organization's performance. Using high-quality administrative data and staggered dierence-in-dierences strategies, we evaluate the impact of a programme that encouraged public hospitals to increase staff retention by providing data and guidelines on how to improve the non-pecuniary aspects of nursing jobs. We find that the programme has decreased the nurse turnover rate by 4.49%, decreased exits from the public hospital sector by 5.38%, and reduced mortality within 30 days from hospital admission by 3.45%, preventing 11,400 deaths. Our results are consistent with a theoretical model in which information is provided to managers of multi-unit organizations, who trade off coordinating decisions across units and adapting them to local conditions.

     

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    hdl: 10419/279077
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16379
    Schlagworte: labor supply; workforce retention; non-monetary incentives; hospital care; staggered difference-in-differences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Educational Inequality*
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how patterns of educational inequality vary across countries, time, and generations, and establish a link between educational inequality and social mobility. We interpret this evidence from the perspective of economic models of skill acquisition and investment in human capital. The models account for different channels underlying unequal education and highlight how endogenous responses in parents' and children's educational investments generate a close link between economic inequality and educational inequality. Given concerns over the extended school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic, we also summarize early evidence on the impact of the pandemic on children's education and on possible long-run repercussions for educational inequality

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29979
    Schlagworte: Bildungschancen; Bildungsniveau; Einkommensverteilung; Soziale Ungleichheit; England; USA; Australien; Deutschland; Vergleich; Bildungsökonomik
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  11. Transition from school to work
    search time and job duration
    Autor*in: Bratberg, Espen
    Erschienen: 1998
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    We consider the early labour market experience of young persons. Using a large data sample of Norwegian individuals finishing education in 1989-91, we analyse the transition from school to work and the duration of the first job. We allow the search... mehr

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    We consider the early labour market experience of young persons. Using a large data sample of Norwegian individuals finishing education in 1989-91, we analyse the transition from school to work and the duration of the first job. We allow the search duration, the accepted wage, and the job duration to be connected in a system of simultaneous equations which is estimated by maximum likelihood. The empirical evidence suggests that individuals with higher levels of schooling get jobs more quickly, and also have longer durations of their first jobs. Apprentices have shorter search periods and stay in their jobs longer than other individuals at the same educational level. Females appear to have lower reservation wages when entering the labour market (shorter search time and lower wages). They also stay in the first job longer than males do. The search duration and the accepted wage affect job duration positively, but the estimated covariance terms suggest unobserved factors working in the opposite direction.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 27
    Schlagworte: Absolventen; Arbeitsuche; Lohn; Betriebszugehörigkeit; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 27 S, graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Literaturverz. S. 17 - 18

  12. Incentives in social insurance
    Autor*in: Bratberg, Espen
    Erschienen: 1996
    Verlag:  Dep. of Economics, Univ. of Bergen, Bergen

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    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    Schriftenreihe: Dissertations in economics ; 11
    Schlagworte: Soziale Sicherheit; Norwegen
    Umfang: 155 S. : graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Zugl.: Bergen, Univ., Diss., 1996

    Enth. 4 Beitr.

  13. Unemployment, labour force composition and sickness absence
    a panel data study
    Erschienen: 2002
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sozialwissenschaften (300); Wirtschaft (330)
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; No. 466
    Schlagworte: Erwerbsunfähigkeit; Fehlzeit; Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitnehmer; Schätzung
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)Erwerbsunfähigkeit; (stw)Fehlzeit; (stw)Arbeitslosigkeit; (stw)Arbeitskräfte; (stw)Schätzung; (stw)Norwegen; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: 24 S., graph. Darst., 21 cm
  14. Transitions from school to work
    search time and job duration
    Erschienen: 1998
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sozialwissenschaften (300); Wirtschaft (330)
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; No. 27
    Schlagworte: Schulabgänger; Schulabgängerin; Stellensuche; Gehalt; Lohn; Betriebszugehörigkeit; Schätzung; :z Geschichte 1985-1991
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)1985-1991; (stw)Absolventen; (stw)Arbeitsuche; (stw)Lohn; (stw)Betriebszugehörigkeit; (stw)Schätzung; (stw)Norwegen; Graue Literatur; Buch; Arbeitspapier; Online-Publikation; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: 27 S., 21 cm
  15. Trends in absolute income mobility in North America and Europe

    We compute rates of absolute upward income mobility for the 1960-1987 birth cohorts in eight countries in North America and Europe. Rates and trends in absolute mobility varied dramatically across countries during this period: the US and Canada saw... mehr

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    We compute rates of absolute upward income mobility for the 1960-1987 birth cohorts in eight countries in North America and Europe. Rates and trends in absolute mobility varied dramatically across countries during this period: the US and Canada saw upward mobility rates near 50% for recent cohorts, while countries like Norway and Finland saw sustained rates above 70%. Decomposition analysis suggests that differences in the marginal income distributions, especially the amount of cross-cohort income inequality, were the primary driver of differing mobility rates across countries. We also demonstrate that absolute mobility rates can be accurately estimated without linked parent-child data.

     

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/223898
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13456
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 94 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Unemployment, labour force composition and sickness absence
    a panel data study

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 669 (2002.05)
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 02,05
    Schlagworte: Erwerbsunfähigkeit; Fehlzeit; Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitskräfte; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 24 S, graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Literaturverz. S. 15 - 16

  17. Assessing the effects of early retirement programs

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 00,9
    Schlagworte: Flexible Altersgrenze; Arbeitslosigkeit; Erwerbstätigkeit; Norwegen
    Umfang: 18 S
  18. Assessing the effects of early retirement programs

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Economics ; 2000,4
    Schlagworte: Flexible Altersgrenze; Arbeitslosigkeit; Erwerbstätigkeit; Norwegen
    Umfang: 18 S
  19. Sickness absence over the business cycle

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 00,4
    Schlagworte: Fehlzeit; Konjunktur; Norwegen
    Umfang: 41 S, graph. Darst
  20. Unemployment, labour force composition and sickness absence
    a panel data study
    Erschienen: 2002
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 466
    Schlagworte: Erwerbsunfähigkeit; Fehlzeit; Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitskräfte; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 24 S, graph. Darst
  21. Income effects of divorce in families with children
    Erschienen: 2002

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 02,20
    Schlagworte: Einkommensverteilung; Familienökonomik; Kinderbetreuung; Norwegen; Ehe
    Umfang: 17, [10] S, graph. Darst
    Bemerkung(en):

    Literaturverz. S. 15 - 17

  22. Assessing changes in intergenerational earnings mobility

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 02,26
    Schlagworte: Einkommensverteilung; Soziale Mobilität; Generationengerechtigkeit; Norwegen
    Umfang: 14, 6, 2 S, graph. Darst
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  23. A panel data study of physicians' labor supply
    the case of Norway
    Erschienen: 2003
    Verlag:  Univ., Center for Economic Studies [u.a.], Munich

    Physicians are key personnel in a sector which is important due to its size as well as the quality of service it provides. We estimate the labor supply of physicians employed at hospitals in Norway, using personnel register data merged with other... mehr

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    bc 1391-895
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    1 : Z 104.53:895
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 624 (895)
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    ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München, Bibliothek
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    Physicians are key personnel in a sector which is important due to its size as well as the quality of service it provides. We estimate the labor supply of physicians employed at hospitals in Norway, using personnel register data merged with other public records. A dynamic labor supply equation is estimated using a sample of 1303 physicians observed over the period 1993-97. The methods of estimation are GMM and system GMM. We reject the static model in favor of a dynamic model and obtain a long-run wage elasticity of about 0.55. This is considerably higher than previously estimated for physicians, in particular for those who are not self-employed.

     

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    RVK Klassifikation: QB 910
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 895
    Schlagworte: Ärzte; Arbeitsangebot; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 21 S, graph Darst
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    Literaturverz. S. 17 - 19

  24. A panel data study of physicians' labor supply
    the case of Norway

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 669 (03.01)
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Druck
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 03,01
    Schlagworte: Ärzte; Arbeitsangebot; Schätzung; Norwegen
    Umfang: 22 S
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  25. Do voluntary international environmental agreements work?

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 669 (03.06)
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Druck
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; 03,06
    Schlagworte: Internationale Umweltpolitik; Umweltabkommen; Öffentliche Güter; Bewertung
    Umfang: 26 S, graph. Darst
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