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  1. Women's education, fertility and children's health during a gender equalization process
    evidence from a child labor reform in Spain
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Cabrales, Antonio; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: enero 2021
    Verlag:  FEDEA, [Madrid]

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / FEDEA ; 2021, 04
    Schlagworte: education; fertility; infant health; gender equalization
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Mothers' care
    reversing early childhood health shocks through parental investments
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Cabrales, Antonio; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: 14 January 2019
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP13451
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  3. Education and gender differences in mortality rates
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: June 2019
    Verlag:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 1103
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Teacher performance pay and student learning
    evidence from a nationwide program in Peru
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Lombardi, María
    Erschienen: September 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study the impact on student achievement of a nationwide teacher pay-for-performance program implemented in Peruvian public secondary schools in 2015. Schools compete in a tournament primarily based on 8th graders' performance in a standardized... mehr

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    We study the impact on student achievement of a nationwide teacher pay-for-performance program implemented in Peruvian public secondary schools in 2015. Schools compete in a tournament primarily based on 8th graders' performance in a standardized test, where the principal and teachers of the top 20 percent of schools receive a substantial bonus. We perform a difference-in-differences estimation comparing the internal grades of 8th and 9th graders of the same school, before and after the program. We find a precisely estimated zero effect on student achievement, and we reject impacts greater than 0.017 standard deviations, well below those previously found in the literature. We provide evidence against a series of potential explanations, and argue that this zero effect could be a consequence of teachers' uncertainty about how to improve their students' performance in the standardized test tied to the bonus.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207425
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12600
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The effect of removing early retirement on mortality
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Ye, Han
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper sheds new light on the mortality effect of delaying retirement by investigating the impacts of the 1967 Spanish pension reform. This reform exogenously changed the early retirement age, depending on the date individuals started... mehr

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    This paper sheds new light on the mortality effect of delaying retirement by investigating the impacts of the 1967 Spanish pension reform. This reform exogenously changed the early retirement age, depending on the date individuals started contributing to the Social Security system. Those contributing before 1 January 1967 maintained the right to voluntarily retire early (at age 60), while individuals who started contributing after that date could not voluntarily claim a pension until the age of 65. Using the Spanish administrative Social Security data, we find that the reform delayed the individuals' labour market exit by around half a year and increased the probability that individuals take up disability pensions, partial pensions, and no pensions. We show evidence that delaying exiting employment increases the hazard of dying between the ages of 60 and 69, for almost all individuals. Heterogeneous analysis indicates that the increase in mortality is stronger for those employed in low-skilled, physically and psychosocially demanding jobs. Moreover, we show that allowing for flexible retirement schemes, such as partial retirement, mitigates the detrimental effect of delaying retirement on mortality.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265798
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15577
    Schlagworte: delaying retirement; mortality; heterogeneity; flexible retirement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The effect of removing early retirement on mortality
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Ye, Han
    Erschienen: junio de 2022
    Verlag:  [FEDEA], [Madrid]

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    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / Fedea ; 2022, 06
    Schlagworte: Pension reform; Mortality; Delaying retirement; Instrumental variable
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Safety at work and immigration
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Martín Bassols, Nicolau; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper examines the effect of immigration on workplace safety, a new and previously unexplored outcome in the literature. We use a novel administrative dataset of the universe of workplace accidents reported in Spain from 2003 to 2015 and follow... mehr

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    This paper examines the effect of immigration on workplace safety, a new and previously unexplored outcome in the literature. We use a novel administrative dataset of the universe of workplace accidents reported in Spain from 2003 to 2015 and follow an IV strategy based on the distribution of early migrants settlements across provinces. Our results show that the massive inflow of immigrants between 2003 and 2009 reduced the number of workplace accidents by 10,980 for native workers (7% of the overall reduction during that period). This is driven by Spanish-born workers shifting away from manual occupations to those involving more interpersonal interactions. Immigrant flows during the economic crisis (2010-2015) had no impact on natives’ workplace safety. The scarcity of jobs during that period could have prevented shifts between occupations. Finally, we find no effects of immigration on the workplace safety of immigrants. These results add a previously unexplored dimension to the immigration debate that should be taken into account when evaluating the costs and benefits of migration flows.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/218862
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 565
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Who benefits from general knowledge?
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Duchini, Emma
    Erschienen: February 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    While vocational education is meant to provide occupational-specific skills that are directly employable, their returns may be limited in fast-changing economies. Conversely, general education should provide learning skills, but these may have little... mehr

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    While vocational education is meant to provide occupational-specific skills that are directly employable, their returns may be limited in fast-changing economies. Conversely, general education should provide learning skills, but these may have little value at low levels of education. This paper sheds light on this debate by exploiting a recent Spanish reform that postpones students' choice between these two educational pathways from age 14 to 16. To identify exogenous changes in its staggered implementation, we instrument this with the pre-reform across-province variation in the share of students in general education. Results indicate that, by shifting educational investment from vocational to general education after age 16, the reform improves occupational outcomes, and results in a significant rise in monthly wages. The effects are larger after the financial crisis, but are concentrated among middle to high-skilled individuals. In contrast, those who acquire only basic general education have worse long-term employment prospects than vocationally-trained individuals.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215391
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12995
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Hit where it hurts
    healthcare access and intimate partner violence
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Rice, Caoimhe T.; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper investigates the causal link between healthcare access and the help-seeking behavior of intimate partner violence (IPV) victims. Healthcare access can be an important entry point for screening or detecting IPV. Doctors are required by law... mehr

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    This paper investigates the causal link between healthcare access and the help-seeking behavior of intimate partner violence (IPV) victims. Healthcare access can be an important entry point for screening or detecting IPV. Doctors are required by law to report any injuries to a judge if they suspect they are the result of a crime and can inform and direct victims to IPV services. We exploit the 2012 reform in Spain that removed access to the public healthcare system for undocumented immigrants. We use court reports and protection order requests from the Judicial Branch of the Spanish government to perform a difference-in-differences approach, comparing the help-seeking behavior of foreign and Spanish women before and after the reform. We find that the impact of the reform was immediate; foreign women's IPV reporting and application for protection orders decreased by 12%. This effect is entirely driven by regions with stronger enforcement of the reform. We show suggestive evidence that the reform left the underlying levels of IPV incidence unaffected. Instead, the results are driven by a reduction in injury reports by medical centers. Our findings are important given the increase in migration flows globally as well as for current debates on granting/limiting access to healthcare for marginalized groups.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272621
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15994
    Schlagworte: healthcare access; intimate partner violence; reporting; undocumented immigrants
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Mothers' care
    reversing early childhood health shocks through parental investments
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Cabrales, Antonio; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series ; no. 1629
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)
  11. Education and gender differences in mortality rates
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: Jube 2019
    Verlag:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series ; no. 1660
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Mothers' care
    reversing early childhood health shocks through parental investments
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Cabrales, Antonio; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 1068
    Schlagworte: minimum working age; education; child health; gender
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Mothers' care
    reversing early childhood health shocks through parental investments
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Cabrales, Antonio; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We explore the effects of a child labor regulation that changed the legal working age from 14 to 16 over the health of their offspring. We show that the reform was detrimental for the health of the son's of affected parents at delivery. Yet, in the... mehr

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    We explore the effects of a child labor regulation that changed the legal working age from 14 to 16 over the health of their offspring. We show that the reform was detrimental for the health of the son's of affected parents at delivery. Yet, in the medium run, the effects of the reform are insignificant for both male and female children. The sons of treated mothers are perceived as still having worse health at older ages, even if their objective health status has recovered. These boys are also more likely to have private health insurance, which suggests more concerned mothers.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/198810
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 7450 (January 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  14. The unintended effects of increasing the legal working age on family behavior
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: May 2015
    Verlag:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 833
    Schlagworte: Jugendarbeitsschutz; Kinderarbeit; Fertilität; Familienökonomik; Spanien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The unintended effects of increasing the legal working age on family behaviour
    Autor*in: Bellés-Obrero, Cristina; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Vall Castelló, Judit
    Erschienen: May, 2015
    Verlag:  [Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business], [Barcelona]

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    Schriftenreihe: [Working papers / Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business ; 1484]
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarktreform; Wirkungsanalyse; Frauenbildung; Fertilität; Schwangerschaft; Gesundheit; Kinder; Spanien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)