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  1. The terrorism-finance nexus contingent on globalisation and governance dynamics in Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nchofoung, Tii Njivukuh
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study empirically verifies the effect of terrorism on financial development and how globalisation and governance modulate the incidence of terrorism on financial development in Africa. Two terrorism indicators are adopted for this study, namely,... mehr

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    This study empirically verifies the effect of terrorism on financial development and how globalisation and governance modulate the incidence of terrorism on financial development in Africa. Two terrorism indicators are adopted for this study, namely, the: number of terrorism incidences and number of terrorism deaths. The methodology involves the pooled data technique running from 1996-2018 for 34 African countries. The results from the POLS, Driscoll-Kraay and the Newey-West standard error corrections show that terrorism is detrimental to financial development. From the interactive regressions, three major tendencies are apparent. First, terrorism dynamics consistently have an unconditional negative effect on financial development. Second, the globalization and government dynamics modulate the terrorism dynamics to broadly induce a negative net effect on financial development. Third, policy thresholds at which the modulating variables reverse the net effect on financial development from negative to positive are: (i) 71.61572 trade (% of GDP) and 13.97872 FDI (% of GDP) for the incidence of terror and (ii) 1.16201 trade (% of GDP) for terror deaths. The computed thresholds make economic sense and worthwhile in terms of policy implications because they are within statistical range. The result is robust to alternative measures of terrorism and financial development. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244191
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 016
    Schlagworte: terrorism; financial development; globalisation; governance; Pooled data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  2. Effects of political institutions on the external debt-economic growth nexus in Africa
    Autor*in: Nounamo, Yann; Asongu, Simplice; Ndieupa, Henri Njangang; Tadadjeu, Sosson
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The main contribution of this study is the determination of an endogenous threshold of institutional quality, beyond which external debt would affect economic growth differently. The focus is on 14 countries of the African Franc zone over the period... mehr

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    The main contribution of this study is the determination of an endogenous threshold of institutional quality, beyond which external debt would affect economic growth differently. The focus is on 14 countries of the African Franc zone over the period 1985-2015. Based on the panel Smooth Threshold Regression model, the results reveal that the relationship between external debt and economic growth is based on institutional quality. It is found that the level of indebtedness at which the effect of external debt on economic growth becomes negative is higher in countries with lower levels of corruption and high levels of democracy. This means that poor institutional quality prevents a country from taking full advantage of its credit opportunities. Thus, the more countries become democratic, the more debt helps finance economic growth. These results are robust to sensitivity analysis and Generalized Method of Moments estimation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244192
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 017
    Schlagworte: external debt; political institutions; economic growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten)
  3. Is financial development shaping or shaking economic sophistication in African countries?
    Autor*in: Ndieupa, Henri Njangang; Asongu, Simplice; Tadadjeu, Sosson; Nounamo, Yann
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper aims to investigate the effect of financial development on economic complexity using a panel dataset of 24 African countries over the period 1983-2017. The empirical evidence is based on two different approaches. First, we adopt the... mehr

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    This paper aims to investigate the effect of financial development on economic complexity using a panel dataset of 24 African countries over the period 1983-2017. The empirical evidence is based on two different approaches. First, we adopt the Hoechle (2007) procedure which produces Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to account for heteroscedasticity and cross-sectional dependence. Second, we implement the system Generalized Method of Moments to account for endogeneity. The results show that financial development increases economic complexity in Africa. Looking at the regional difference, the results show that this effect is less beneficial for SSA countries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244193
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 018
    Schlagworte: Financial development; Economic complexity; Panel data analysis; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The asymmetric effect of internet access on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Abdulqadir, Idris A.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This article investigates the asymmetric effect of internet access (index of the internet) on economic growth in 42 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 2008-2018. The estimation procedure is obtained following a dynamic panel... mehr

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    This article investigates the asymmetric effect of internet access (index of the internet) on economic growth in 42 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 2008-2018. The estimation procedure is obtained following a dynamic panel threshold regression technique via 1000 bootstrap replications and the 400 grids search developed by Hansen (1996, 1999, 2000). The investigation first explores the presence of inflection points in the relationship between internet access and economic growth through the application of Hansen's threshold models. The finding from the nonlinearity threshold model revealed a significant internet threshold-effect of 3.55 percent for growth. The article also examines the linear short-run effect of internet access on economic growth while controlling for the effects of private sector credit, trade openness, government regulation, and tariff regimes. The marginal effect of internet access is evaluated at the minimum, and the maximum levels of government regulation and tariffs regime are positive. On the other hand, the minimum and maximum levels of private sector credit and trade openness are negative via the interaction terms. The article advances the literature by its nonlinear transformation of the relevance of internet access on economic growth by exploring interactive mechanisms of: internet access versus financial resource, internet access versus trade, internet access versus government regulation, and internet access versus the tariff regimes from end-user subscriptions. In policy terms, the statistical significance of the joint impact of government regulations and tariff regimes is relevant in the operation of the telecommunication industry in SSA countries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249083
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 075
    Schlagworte: Internet access; economic growth; government regulations; trade openness; tariff regimes; sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The rise and fall of the energy-carbon Kuznets curve
    evidence from Africa
    Autor*in: Shobande, Olatunji Abdul; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Purpose - This paper provides an analysis of the energy-carbon Kuznets curve hypothesis (CKC) using a second-generation panel methodology. Design/methodology/approach - Specifically, we investigate whether energy consumption, natural resources, and... mehr

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    Purpose - This paper provides an analysis of the energy-carbon Kuznets curve hypothesis (CKC) using a second-generation panel methodology. Design/methodology/approach - Specifically, we investigate whether energy consumption, natural resources, and governance explain the CKC proposition. Our empirical strategy is based on the Westerlund panel cointegration test, augmented mean group (AMG), and vector autoregressive (VAR) panel Granger-causality tests. Findings - The results suggest that the CKC hypothesis is incomplete without these mechanisms, as they play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in Africa. We recommend improving the environmental standards and proper regulatory and monitoring systems to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable development in the continent. Originality/value -The study revisits the CKC hypothesis with particular emphasis on governance and more robust empirical estimation techniques.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249077
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 069
    Schlagworte: carbon cuts; Energy consumption; Governance; Climate crisis; Panel analysis; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  6. Toward cleaner production
    can mobile phone technology help reduce inorganic fertilizer application? : evidence using a national level dataset
    Autor*in: Khan, Nawab; Ray, Ram L.; Kassem, Hazem S.; Ihtisham, Muhammad; Shahzad, Abdullah; Asongu, Simplice; Ansah, Stephen; Zhang, Shemei
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and... mehr

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    Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and agricultural sustainability goals. The main objectives of this study were to assess MPU, mobile phone promotion policy, and whether the mediation role of human capital can help reduce IF use. This study used baseline regression analysis and propensity score matching, difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) to assess the impact of MPU on IF usage. However, the two-stage instrumental variables method (IVM) was used to study the effects of mobile phone promotion policy on IF usage. This study used a national dataset from 7,987 rural households in Afghanistan to investigate the impacts of MPU and associated promotion policies on IF application. The baseline regression outcomes showed that the MPU significantly reduced IF usage. The evaluation mechanism revealed that mobile phones help reduce IF application by improving the human capital of farmers. Besides, evidence from the DID technique showed that mobile phone promotion policies lowered IF application. These results remained robust after applying the PSM-DID method and two-stage IVM to control endogenous decisions of rural households. This study results imply that enhancing the accessibility of wideband in remote areas, promoting MPU, and increasing investment in information communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure can help decrease the IF application in agriculture. Thus, the government should invest in remote areas to facilitate access to ICTs, such as having a telephone and access to a cellular and internet network to provide an environment and facility to apply IF effectively. Further, particular policy support must focus on how vulnerable populations access the internet and mobile phone technologies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249076
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 066
    Schlagworte: mobile phone usage; propensity score matching; difference-in-difference; inorganic fertilizer usage; human capital; sustainable development; Afghanistan
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Does corporate social responsibility initiative dissuade the increasing electoral violence in sub-Saharan Africa?
    evidence from Nigeria's oil producing region
    Autor*in: Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of... mehr

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    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on reducing incidents of electoral violence in the oil-producing communities. Design/methodology/approach - This paper adopts a survey technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 1200 households were sampled across the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Findings - The results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that GMoU model made significant impact in deterring occurrences of electoral violence, when interventions on cluster development boards (CDBs) are designed to mitigate the intricate of political clashes in the region. Practical implication - This implies that CSR interventions of MOCs play a vital role in reducing incidents of electoral violence in Nigeria's oil producing region. Social implication - Reducing the increasing electoral violence in the oil host communities, will in turn create an enabling environment for more extensive and responsible business of Multinational Corporation in sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value -This paper extends and contributes to the literature on CSR initiatives of multinational enterprises in developing countries and rationale for demands for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249074
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 063
    Schlagworte: Electoral violence; corporate social responsibility; multinational oil companies; sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Effects of infrastructures on environmental quality contingent on trade openness and governance dynamics in Africa
    Autor*in: Nchofoung, Tii Njivukuh; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The objective of this study is to evaluate: (i) the effects of infrastructures on CO2 emission and (ii) how trade openness and governance contribute to mitigating these effects. The results from the system GMM methodology for 36 African countries... mehr

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    The objective of this study is to evaluate: (i) the effects of infrastructures on CO2 emission and (ii) how trade openness and governance contribute to mitigating these effects. The results from the system GMM methodology for 36 African countries between the 2003-2019 period show that infrastructural development exacerbates CO2 emission in Africa. This result is robust across different types of infrastructural development indexes. When the indirect effect regressions are carried out by interacting governance and trade openness with the different infrastructural development variables, the following results are obtained. Firstly, infrastructural development interacts with governance producing a positive net effect, up to a governance threshold estimate of 0.532 when the positive net effect is nullified. Secondly, infrastructures interact with trade openness producing a negative net effect up to a trade openness threshold of 78.066914 (% of GDP) when the negative net effect is nullified. Positive and negative synergy effects are also apparent. Practical policy implications are discussed based on the results obtained.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249073
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 062
    Schlagworte: Infrastructures; CO2; trade openness; governance; Africa; System GMM
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. ICT for sustainable development
    global comparative evidence of globalisation thresholds
    Autor*in: Nchofoung, Tii Njivukuh; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The objectives of this paper are to investigate the effect of ICT on sustainable development and the mechanisms through which the effect is modulated. The methodology involves the: (i) Fixed Effects estimator to control for individual heterogeneity,... mehr

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    The objectives of this paper are to investigate the effect of ICT on sustainable development and the mechanisms through which the effect is modulated. The methodology involves the: (i) Fixed Effects estimator to control for individual heterogeneity, (ii) Driscoll and Kraay estimator to control for cross-section dependence between panels, (iii) the Mean Group estimator to take into account the averages between panel groups, (iv) the system GMM to correct for unobserved heterogeneity and simultaneity bias and (v) the instrumental variable Fixed Effects Tobit to take in to account the limited range in our dependent variable. The results show that ICT has a positive and significant effect on sustainable development. Whereas overall net effects are positive, the findings are contingent on the choice of the ICT measurement, the geographical location of the economy and the income group category. The study recommends policy makers to take into account ICT and the advantages it offers in the elaboration of measures for the sustainable development agenda.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249072
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 061
    Schlagworte: ICT; Sustainable development; panel data; trade openness; foreign direct investments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The macroeconomic impact of recent political conflicts in Africa
    generalized synthetic counterfactual evidence
    Autor*in: Diop, Samba; Asongu, Simplice; Tchamyou, Vanessa
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper measures the macroeconomic impact of recent political crisis, protest and uprisings in Africa with the generalized synthetic control method and evaluates the role played by natural resource dependence on the modulation of the impact. We... mehr

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    This paper measures the macroeconomic impact of recent political crisis, protest and uprisings in Africa with the generalized synthetic control method and evaluates the role played by natural resource dependence on the modulation of the impact. We find that political crisis, protests and uprisings have a significant and negative impact on economic growth while the impact is positive on investment and price level. For economic growth, the deviation of the actual series from the counterfactual is negative, instantaneous, persistent and highly significant; indicating non-negligible costs of the shock. Indeed, dependence on natural resources amplifies the negative effect of political crisis, protests and uprisings on GDP. Finally, the more the treated country depends on natural resources, the more it becomes resilient from the investment losses caused by political crisis.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249071
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 060
    Schlagworte: political conflicts; economic growth; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Towards efforts to enhance tax revenue mobilisation in Africa
    exploring synergies between industrialisation and ICTs
    Autor*in: Ofori, Isaac Kwesi; Ofori, Pamela E.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Motivated by the momentous rise in ICT diffusion, the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area agreement, and the expected rebound of foreign direct investment inflow to Africa from 2022, this study examines the joint effects of... mehr

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    Motivated by the momentous rise in ICT diffusion, the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area agreement, and the expected rebound of foreign direct investment inflow to Africa from 2022, this study examines the joint effects of industrialisation and ICT diffusion on resource mobilisation in Africa. To this end, we use data on 42 African countries for the period 1996 - 2020 for the analysis. First, we provide evidence robust to several specifications from the dynamic system GMM to show that although unconditionally both industrialisation and ICT diffusion enhance (i) goods and services tax (GST), and (ii) profits, corporate and income tax (PCIT) mobilisation efforts in Africa, the effects of the former are rather remarkable in the presence of the latter. Particularly, the results show that, while ICTs amplify the effect of industrialisation on GST, only ICT usage and ICT skills matter for PCIT. Second, the study unveils ICT thresholds for complementary policies. Accordingly, industrialisation and ICTs are necessary and sufficient conditions for tax revenue mobilisation only below some ICT thresholds. Above these ICT thresholds, complementary policies are needed to maintain the overall positive incidence on tax revenue mobilisation. Policy recommendations are provided in the end.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249069
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 058
    Schlagworte: AfCFTA; Africa; ICT access; ICT diffusion; Industrialisation; Tax; Revenue
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Has knowledge improved economic growth?
    evidence from Nigeria and South Africa
    Autor*in: Shobande, Olatunji Abdul; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines whether knowledge causes economic growth in Africa's two leading economies: Nigeria and South Africa. Using the Vector Autoregressive and Vector Error Correction approach, the findings show cointegration among the variables. The... mehr

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    This study examines whether knowledge causes economic growth in Africa's two leading economies: Nigeria and South Africa. Using the Vector Autoregressive and Vector Error Correction approach, the findings show cointegration among the variables. The speed of convergence of the variables to their long-term mean values is relatively higher for South Africa than for Nigeria. In the short run, it is observed that knowledge unidirectionally Granger causes growth for Nigeria, whereas bidirectional causality is observed for South Africa. The higher correlation between knowledge and growth in South Africa reflects the success of greater investment in education. Nigeria must increase investment in education and modern infrastructure to converge to South Africa's growth trajectory. Moreover, for Nigeria, (i) knowledge unidirectionally Granger cause growth, (ii) evidence of bidirectional causality flow is apparent between trade, the economic incentive and growth and (iii) health unidirectionally Granger cause knowledge. As for South Africa: (i) there is bidirectional causality between knowledge, trade openness and growth, whereas investment and economic incentive, unidirectionally Granger causes growth, (ii) investment, trade openness and health unidirectionally Granger cause knowledge and (iii) economic incentive unidirectionally Granger cause trade openness. In conclusion, this paper argues that a transformed education system can provide the knowledge base essential for promoting and sustaining economic growth.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249070
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 059
    Schlagworte: Convergence; Growth performance; Knowledge-based economy; Nigeria; South Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  13. The asymmetric effect of internet access on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Abdulqadir, Idris A.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This article investigates the asymmetric effect of internet access (index of the internet) on economic growth in 42 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 2008-2018.The estimation procedure is obtained following a dynamic panel threshold... mehr

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    This article investigates the asymmetric effect of internet access (index of the internet) on economic growth in 42 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 2008-2018.The estimation procedure is obtained following a dynamic panel threshold regression technique via 1000 bootstrap replications and the 400 grids search developed by Hansen (1996, 1999, 2000). The investigation first explores the presence of inflection points in the relationship between internet access and economic growth through the application of Hansen's threshold models. The finding from the nonlinearity threshold model revealed a significant internet threshold-effect of 3.55 percent for growth. The article also examines the linear short-run effect of internet access on economic growth while controlling for the effects of private sector credit, trade openness, government regulation, and tariff regimes. The marginal effect of internet access is evaluated at the minimum, and the maximum levels of government regulation and tariffs regime are positive. On the other hand, the minimum and maximum levels of private sector credit and trade openness are negative via the interaction terms. The article advances the literature by its nonlinear transformation of the relevance of internet access on economic growth by exploring interactive mechanisms of internet access versus financial resource, internet access versus trade, internet access versus government regulation, and internet access versus the tariff regimes from end-user subscriptions. In policy terms, the statistical significance of the joint impact of government regulations and tariff regimes is relevant in the operation of the telecommunication industry in SSA countries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249078
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 070
    Schlagworte: Internet access; economic growth; government regulations; trade openness; tariff regimes; sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The synergy between governance and economic integration in promoting female economic inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Ofori, Pamela E.; Asongu, Simplice; Tchamyou, Vanessa
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The debate on the need for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to increase female participation in the economic sector has intensified the coming into force of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and good governance. This study... mehr

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    The debate on the need for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to increase female participation in the economic sector has intensified the coming into force of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and good governance. This study investigates the joint effects of governance (comprising of political, economic and institutional governance) and economic integration on female economic participation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study employs panel data of 42 countries in SSA spanning 1996-2020 for the analysis. The empirical strategy uses the dynamic System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) estimation technique. The findings reveal that the single effect of economic integration on female economic participation is necessary but not sufficient. Hence, complementing economic integration with good governance further enhances female economic participation in SSA. In general, the joint effect of economic integration and good governance should be a concern for policymakers to promote female economic inclusion.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249079
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 071
    Schlagworte: economic integration; governance; female economic participation; sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The political implication of women and industrialisation in Africa
    Autor*in: Nchofoung, Tii Njivukuh; Asongu, Simplice; Tchamyou, Vanessa
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the effect of political implications of women on industrialisation in Africa. The results after controlling for cross-sectional dependency show that women political implication Granger causes industrialisation in Africa. Besides,... mehr

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    This study examines the effect of political implications of women on industrialisation in Africa. The results after controlling for cross-sectional dependency show that women political implication Granger causes industrialisation in Africa. Besides, the Fixed effect Driscoll/Kraay standard error estimator reveal that women political empowerment negatively affect industrialisation in Africa. These negative effects are nullified by high economic freedom and high female economic participation in the economy. The investment freedom thresholds require for the negative net effects to be nullified are 52.30469, 55.51639, 49.324895, and 55.594059 respectively for the women political empowerment index, women civil liberty, women political participation and women civil society participation interactions; while when women economic participation rates of 43.0777, 35.82, and 46.9 are attained for women political empowerment index, women civil liberty and women civil society participation respectively, complementary policies are needed for a positive effect on industrialisation. The study implores policy makers to improve on the economic freedom of the countries and to elaborate on policies that favour women economic inclusion, if policy towards political inclusion is foreseen in the industrialisation agenda.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249080
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 072
    Schlagworte: political empowerment; women; industrialisation; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Unravelling the mysteries of underdevelopment in Africa
    Autor*in: Achuo, Elvis Dze; Nchofoung, Tii Njivukuh; Asongu, Simplice; Dinga, Gildas Dohba
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Achieving sustainable development has been the dream of every society across the globe especially sequel to the dawn of the industrial revolution. Thus, understanding the fundamental determinants of the socio-politico-economic development of every... mehr

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    Achieving sustainable development has been the dream of every society across the globe especially sequel to the dawn of the industrial revolution. Thus, understanding the fundamental determinants of the socio-politico-economic development of every economy is of prime importance for investors, policymakers, development agencies and the society at large. It is in this light that this study sought to empirically examine the key factors that explain the socioeconomic development patterns in Africa. The Instrumental Variable Two Stage Least Squares (IV-2SLS) estimation technique is adopted for a panel of 38 African countries over the 1996-2019 period. The empirical findings reveal that financial development and human capital are development enhancing in Africa while external financial inflows are detrimental to economic development. In addition, when other specific macroeconomic and structural variables were introduced in the model, the results show that institutional quality through governance, natural resources abundance, and industrialisation all explain both the social and economic development dynamics. These results were specific to income group, export structures and level of development. Moreover, salient policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249081
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 073
    Schlagworte: Underdevelopment; Financial development; Human capital; Institutional quality; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten)
  17. Governance in mitigating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality
    a cross-country analysis of policy thresholds
    Autor*in: Ndieupa, Henri Njangang; Asongu, Simplice; Tadadjeu, Sosson; Nounamo, Yann; Kamguia, Brice
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study assesses the role of governance in modulating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality in 45 countries in the world. The empirical evidence is based on Pooled Ordinary Least Squares and the Generalised Method of Moments. The findings... mehr

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    The study assesses the role of governance in modulating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality in 45 countries in the world. The empirical evidence is based on Pooled Ordinary Least Squares and the Generalised Method of Moments. The findings show that oil rents unconditionally increase wealth inequality while govenance dyanmics (in terms of rule of law, corruption-control, government effectiveness, regulatory quality) moderate oil rents for an overall net negative effect on wealth inequality. Good governance thresholds at which the unconditional effect of oil rents on the wealth inequality changes from positive to negative are computed and discussed. It follows that while governance is a necessary condition for improving the redistributive effects of oil wealth, it becomes a sufficient condition for net positive improvements in wealth distribution only when some critical levels of good governance have been reached. Other policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249060
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 049
    Schlagworte: Governance; Oil wealth; Wealth inequality; Panel data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  18. Human development and governance in Africa
    do good fences make good neighbours?
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Diop, Samba
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    In this paper, we revisit the relationship between governance and human development in Africa during the period 2010-2019 taking into account the existence of spatial dependence and controlling the endogeneity problem through a Generalized Spatial... mehr

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    In this paper, we revisit the relationship between governance and human development in Africa during the period 2010-2019 taking into account the existence of spatial dependence and controlling the endogeneity problem through a Generalized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The exploratory spatial data analysis reveals the existence of spatial dependence of human development and governance quality. Our empirical findings support that in Africa, "good fences make good neighbours" or proximity matters in the distribution of human development. Implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249062
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 051
    Schlagworte: Governance; human development; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa xx Seiten)
  19. Inequality and renewable energy consumption in sub-Saharan Africa
    implication for high income countries
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study investigates conclusions from the scholarly literature that for low and middleincome countries, higher income inequality is linked with lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using a sample of 39 sub-Saharan countries consisting of lower-... mehr

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    The study investigates conclusions from the scholarly literature that for low and middleincome countries, higher income inequality is linked with lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using a sample of 39 sub-Saharan countries consisting of lower- and middleincome countries, this study investigates how increasing inequality affects renewable energy consumption. Three income inequality indicators are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the Palma ratio and Atkinson index. The empirical evidence is based on quadratic Tobit regressions. The investigated assumption is only partially valid because a net positive impact is apparent only in one of the three income inequality variables used in the study. Hence, it is difficult to establish whether the inequality or equality hypothesis underpinning the nexus between income inequality and renewable energy consumption hold for Sub-Saharan Africa. However, based on the significant results in terms of the threshold, the equality hypothesis is valid when the Atkinson index is below a threshold of 0.6180 while the inequality hypothesis becomes valid when the Atkinson index exceeds the threshold of 0.6180. Hence, as the main policy implication, for the equitable redistribution of income to be promoted and, therefore, for policies that favor income inequality for renewable energy consumption not to be encouraged, policy makers should keep the Atkinson index below a threshold of 0.6180. An implication for Europe and/or high income countries is provided, notably, that the equality hypothesis on the nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions may not withstand empirical scrutiny but contingent on: (i) the measurements of income inequality and (ii) inequality thresholds when a specific income inequality measurement is retained.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244166
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/20, 094
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  20. Promoting female economic inclusion for tax performance in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Adegboye, Alex; Nnanna, Joseph
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study explores whether female economic inclusion enhances tax performance in a sample of 48 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2018. The study's empirical evidence is based on the generalized method of moments in order to account for... mehr

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    This study explores whether female economic inclusion enhances tax performance in a sample of 48 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2018. The study's empirical evidence is based on the generalized method of moments in order to account for endogeneity concerns. Three tax performance measurements are used, notably, total taxes revenue excluding social contributions, reported tax revenue derived from natural resources sources, and total non-resource tax revenue. Three female inclusion indicators are used, namely, female employment in industry, female labour force participation, and female employment. The following empirical evidences are documented; (i) There is a negative net effect from the enhancement of female employment in the industry on the total tax revenue. (ii) There is a positive net effect of female employment in the industry on the non-resource taxes. An extended threshold analysis is performed to establish the critical masses that could further influence tax performance positively. The following thresholds are established. (i) a minimum of 15.35 "employment in industry, female (% of female employment)" for the total tax revenue and (ii) a maximum of 23.75 "employment in industry, female (% of female employment)" for the non-resource tax revenue. These critical masses are crucial for sustainable development because, below or beyond these thresholds, policy makers should complement the female economic inclusion with other economic measures designed to improve tax performance in Sub-Saharan Africa.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244165
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/20, 093
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  21. Tribalism and finance
    Autor*in: Kodila-Tedika, Oasis; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    We assess the correlations between tribalism and financial development in 60 countries using data averages from 2000-2010. The tribalism index is used to measure tribalism whereas financial development is measured from perspectives of financial... mehr

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    We assess the correlations between tribalism and financial development in 60 countries using data averages from 2000-2010. The tribalism index is used to measure tribalism whereas financial development is measured from perspectives of financial intermediary and stock market developments. The long term finance variable is stock market capitalisation while the short run variable is private and domestic credit. We find that tribalism is negatively correlated with financial development and the magnitude of negativity is higher for financial intermediary development relative to stock market development. The findings are particularly relevant to African and Middle Eastern countries where the scourge of tribalism is most pronounced.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244164
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/20, 092
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Aid grants vs. technical cooperation grants
    implications for inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa, 1984-2018
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Ezeaku, Hillary Chijindu
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the effects of aid grants on inclusive growth in 37 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1984-2018. Grant aid is decomposed into aid grants and technical cooperation grants. Two inclusive growth indicators are used... mehr

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    This study investigates the effects of aid grants on inclusive growth in 37 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1984-2018. Grant aid is decomposed into aid grants and technical cooperation grants. Two inclusive growth indicators are used namely: gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth and unemployment rate. The dynamic panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach which is employed comprises three different estimators; the pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG), and dynamic fixed effect (DFE). The Hausman diagnostics were used to assess the efficiency and consistency of the estimators. Based on the PMG estimator, our findings show that aid grants and technical cooperation grants exert a positive influence on GDP per capita growth in the long-run. However, while the observed influence of aid grants is found to be significant, technical cooperation grants display insignificant effects. In the short run, however, the PMG estimates show that aid grants and technical cooperation grants have negative and insignificant effects on GDP per capita growth. On the other hand, results based the DFE estimators reveal that neither of the aid grants has influenced the unemployment rate positively in the short-run. However, whereas aid grants contribute significantly to the reduction of the unemployment rate in the long run, technical cooperation grants do not. This study complements the attendant literature by assessing how aid grants versus technical cooperation grants affect inclusive growth. The findings are relevant to international policy coordination for the attainment of sustainable development goals.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244163
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/20, 091
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The comparative economics of financial access in gender economic inclusion
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice; Nting, Rexon T.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study has investigated the comparative importance of financial access in promoting gender inclusion in African countries. Gender inclusion is proxied by the female labour participation rate while financial channels include: financial system... mehr

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    The study has investigated the comparative importance of financial access in promoting gender inclusion in African countries. Gender inclusion is proxied by the female labour participation rate while financial channels include: financial system deposits and private domestic credit. The empirical evidence is based on non-contemporary Fixed Effects regressions. In order to provide more implications on comparative relevance, the dataset is categorised into income levels (middle income versus (vs.) low income); legal origins (French civil law vs. English common law); religious domination (Islam vs. Christianity); openness to sea (coastal vs. landlocked); resource-wealth (oil-poor vs. oil-rich) and political stability (stable vs. unstable). Six main hypotheses are tested, notably, that middle income, English common law, Christianity, coastal, oil-rich and stable countries enjoy better levels of "financial access"-induced gender inclusion compared to respectively, low income, French civil law, Islam, landlocked, oil-poor and unstable countries. All six tested hypothesis are validated. This is the first study on the comparative importance of financial access in gender economic participation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244161
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/20, 089
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  24. Oil extraction in Nigeria's Ogoniland
    the role of corporate social responsibility in averting a resurgence of violence
    Autor*in: Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This paper contributes to the literature on the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in oil extraction communities of developing countries. It specifically examines the impact of Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU) interventions of... mehr

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    This paper contributes to the literature on the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in oil extraction communities of developing countries. It specifically examines the impact of Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU) interventions of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on preventing a resurgence of violence in the Ogoniland of Nigeria. One thousand, two hundred respondent households were sampled across the six kingdoms of Ogoniland. Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching (PSM) and logit model show that GMoUs of MOCs generate significant reductions on key drivers of insurgence in Ogoniland. This suggests that taking on more Cluster Development Boards (CDBs) should form the basis for CSR practice in Ogoniland with the objective of equipping young people with entrepreneurship skills, creating employment, promoting environmental clean-up, and checking the return of violent conflicts. This in turn provides the enabling environment for businesses to thrive in the Nigeria's oil producing region.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244160
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/20, 088
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Financial sector transparency, financial crises and market power
    a cross-country evidence
    Autor*in: Kusi, Baah Aye; Agbloyor, Elikplimi Komla; Gyeke-Dako, Agyapomaa; Asongu, Simplice
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study investigates how financial sector transparency moderates the influence of financial crises on bank market power across seventy-five economies between 2004 and 2014. Employing two-step dynamic system generalized method of moments the study... mehr

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    The study investigates how financial sector transparency moderates the influence of financial crises on bank market power across seventy-five economies between 2004 and 2014. Employing two-step dynamic system generalized method of moments the study shows that while public sector-led financial sector transparency reduces bank market power, private sector-led financial sector transparency promotes bank market power given that private sector-led transparency gives financial cost advantage to financially sound banks to solidify the market power and dominance. Similarly, while financial crises reduce the market power of banks implying that during financial crises banks lose their market power, financial sector transparency promotes the negative effect of financial crises on bank market power. This implies that during financial crises, financial sector transparency whether enforced through private or public sector, boosts the weakening effect of financial crises on bank market power. These findings imply that regulators can rely on financial transparency to tame bank market power to enhance banking competitiveness. The findings and results are consistent even when country, time and continental effects are controlled for.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244159
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/20, 087
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen