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  1. The virus of fear: the political impact of Ebola in the U.S.
    Autor*in: Campante, Filipe R.; Depetris-Chauvin, Emilio; Durante, Ruben
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile

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    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / Instituto de Economia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ; 552 (2020)
    Schlagworte: Fear; Emotions; Elections; Immigration; Ebola
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Media and social capital
    Autor*in: Campante, Filipe R.; Durante, Ruben; Tesei, Andrea
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London, London

    We survey the empirical literature in economics on the impact of media technologies on social capital. Motivated by a simple model of information and collective action, we cover a range of different outcomes related to social capital, from social and... mehr

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    We survey the empirical literature in economics on the impact of media technologies on social capital. Motivated by a simple model of information and collective action, we cover a range of different outcomes related to social capital, from social and political participation to interpersonal trust, in its benign and destructive manifestations. The impact of media technologies hinges on their content ("information" vs "entertainment"), their effectiveness in fostering coordination, and the networks they create, as well as individual characteristics and media consumption choices.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260500
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London ; no. 930 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: Social capital; media; collective action; information; coordination; participation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Visual stereotypes in news media
    Autor*in: Ash, Elliott; Durante, Ruben; Grebenshchikova, Mariia; Schwarz, Carlo
    Erschienen: 08 October 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16624
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Mindfulness reduces information avoidance
    Autor*in: Ash, Elliott; Sgroi, Daniel; Tuckwell, Anthony; Zhuo, Shi
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Warwick economics research papers ; no: 1372 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: mindfulness; information avoidance; randomized controlled trial
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Media and Social Capital
    Autor*in: Campante, Filipe R.; Durante, Ruben; Tesei, Andrea
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We survey the empirical literature in economics on the impact of media technologies on social capital. Motivated by a simple model of information and collective action, we cover a range of different outcomes related to social capital, from social and... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We survey the empirical literature in economics on the impact of media technologies on social capital. Motivated by a simple model of information and collective action, we cover a range of different outcomes related to social capital, from social and political participation to interpersonal trust, in its benign and destructive manifestations. The impact of media technologies hinges on their content ("information" vs "entertainment"), their effectiveness in fostering coordination, and the networks they create, as well as individual characteristics and media consumption choices

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29230
    Schlagworte: Kommunikationsmedien; Social Web; Sozialkapital
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  6. Calamities, common interests, shared identity
    what shapes altruism and reciprocity?
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Cabrales, Antonio; Dolls, Mathias; Durante, Ruben; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We conduct a large-scale survey experiment in nine European countries to study how priming a major crisis (COVID-19), common economic interests, and a shared identity influences altruism, reciprocity and trust of EU citizens. We find that priming the... mehr

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    We conduct a large-scale survey experiment in nine European countries to study how priming a major crisis (COVID-19), common economic interests, and a shared identity influences altruism, reciprocity and trust of EU citizens. We find that priming the COVID-19 pandemic increases altruism and reciprocity towards compatriots, citizens of other EU countries, and non-EU citizens. Priming common European values also boosts altruism and reciprocity but only towards compatriots and fellow Europeans.Priming common economic interests has no tangible impact on behaviour. Trust in others is not affected by any treatment. Our results are consistent with the parochial altruism hypothesis, which asserts that because altruism arises out of inter-group conflict, humans show a tendency to favor members of their own groups.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236731
    Schriftenreihe: EconPol working paper ; vol. 5, 64 (2021, May)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Europe; altruism; reciprocity; survey experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Media and social capital
    Autor*in: Campante, Filipe R.; Durante, Ruben; Tesei, Andrea
    Erschienen: 01 September 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16500
    Schlagworte: social capital; media; collective action; Information; coordination; Participation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. calamities, common interests, shared identity: what shapes altruism and reciprocity?
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Cabrales, Antonio; Dolls, Mathias; Durante, Ruben; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, [London, United Kingdom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; no. 256
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Europe; altruism; reciprocity; survey experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Economic Interests, Worldviews, and Identities
    Theory and Evidence on Ideational Politics
    Autor*in: Ash, Elliott; Mukand, Sharun W.; Rodrik, Dani
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We distinguish between ideational and interest-based appeals to voters on the supply side of politics, and integrate the Keynes-Hayek perspective on the importance of ideas with the Stigler-Becker approach emphasizing vested interests. In our model,... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We distinguish between ideational and interest-based appeals to voters on the supply side of politics, and integrate the Keynes-Hayek perspective on the importance of ideas with the Stigler-Becker approach emphasizing vested interests. In our model, political entrepreneurs discover identity and worldview "memes" (narratives, cues, frames) that shift beliefs about voters' identities or their views of how the world works. We identify a complementarity between worldview politics and identity politics and illustrate how they may reinforce each other. Furthermore, we show how adverse economic shocks may result in a greater incidence of ideational politics. We use these results to analyze data on 60,000 televised political ads in U.S. localities over the years 2000 through 2018. Our empirical work quantifies ideational politics and provides support for the key model implications, including the impact of higher inequality on both identity and worldview politics

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29474
    Schlagworte: Gesellschaftliches Bewusstsein; Wahlverhalten; Politische Einstellung; Interessenpolitik; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  10. Media capture by banks
    Autor*in: Durante, Ruben; Fabiani, Andrea; Peydró, José-Luis
    Erschienen: 07 September 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP15260
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Real-time inequality and the welfare state in motion
    evidence from COVID-19 in Spain
    Autor*in: Aspachs, Oriol; Durante, Ruben; Graziano, Alberto; Mestres, Josep; García Montalvo, José; Reynal-Querol, Marta
    Erschienen: 31 July 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP15118
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Asocial capital
    civic culture and social distancing during COVID-19
    Autor*in: Durante, Ruben; Guiso, Luigi; Gulino, Giorgio
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  EIEF, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: EIEF working paper ; 20, 12 (May 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Real-time inequality and the welfare state in motion
    evidence from COVID-19 in Spain
    Autor*in: Aspachs, Oriol; Durante, Ruben; Graziano, Alberto; Mestres, Josep; García Montalvo, José; Reynal-Querol, Marta
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Economic working paper ; no. 1741
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten)
  14. Real-time inequality and the welfare state in motion
    evidence from COVID-19 in Spain
    Autor*in: Aspachs, Oriol; Durante, Ruben; Graziano, Alberto; Mestres, Josep; García Montalvo, José; Reynal-Querol, Marta
    Erschienen: July 2020
    Verlag:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Economic working paper ; no. 1734
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Calamities, common interests, shared identity: what shapes altruism and reciprocity?
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Cabrales, Antonio; Dolls, Mathias; Durante, Ruben; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We conduct a large-scale survey experiment in nine European countries to study how priming a major crisis (COVID-19), common economic interests, and a shared identity influences altruism, reciprocity and trust of EU citizens. We find that priming the... mehr

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    We conduct a large-scale survey experiment in nine European countries to study how priming a major crisis (COVID-19), common economic interests, and a shared identity influences altruism, reciprocity and trust of EU citizens. We find that priming the COVID-19 pandemic increases altruism and reciprocity towards compatriots, citizens of other EU countries, and non-EU citizens. Priming common European values also boosts altruism and reciprocity but only towards compatriots and fellow Europeans. Priming common economic interests has no tangible impact on behaviour. Trust in others is not affected by any treatment. Our results are consistent with the parochial altruism hypothesis, which asserts that because altruism arises out of inter-group conflict, humans show a tendency to favor members of their own groups.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236442
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14411
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Europe; altruism; reciprocity; survey experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Calamities, common interests, shared identity
    what shapes altruism and reciprocity?
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Cabrales, Antonio; Dolls, Mathias; Durante, Ruben; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We conduct a large-scale survey experiment in nine European countries to study how priming a major crisis (COVID-19), common economic interests, and a shared identity influences altruism, reciprocity and trust of EU citizens. We find that priming the... mehr

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    We conduct a large-scale survey experiment in nine European countries to study how priming a major crisis (COVID-19), common economic interests, and a shared identity influences altruism, reciprocity and trust of EU citizens. We find that priming the COVID-19 pandemic increases altruism and reciprocity towards compatriots, citizens of other EU countries, and non-EU citizens. Priming common European values also boosts altruism and reciprocity but only towards compatriots and fellow Europeans. Priming common economic interests has no tangible impact on behaviour. Trust in others is not affected by any treatment. Our results are consistent with the parochial altruism hypothesis, which asserts that because altruism arises out of inter-group conflict, humans show a tendency to favor members of their own groups.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236654
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9112 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; Europe; altruism; reciprocity; survey experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Real-time inequality and the welfare state in motion
    evidence from COVID-19 in Spain
    Autor*in: Aspachs, Oriol; Durante, Ruben; Graziano, Alberto; Mestres, Josep; García Montalvo, José; Reynal-Querol, Marta
    Erschienen: September 2020
    Verlag:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 1202
    Schlagworte: inequality; COVID-19; administrative data; high frequency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. A machine learning approach to analyze and support anti-corruption policy
    Autor*in: Ash, Elliott; Galletta, Sergio; Giommoni, Tommaso
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Can machine learning support better governance? In the context of Brazilian municipalities, 2001-2012, we have access to detailed accounts of local budgets and audit data on the associated fiscal corruption. Using the budget variables as predictors,... mehr

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    Can machine learning support better governance? In the context of Brazilian municipalities, 2001-2012, we have access to detailed accounts of local budgets and audit data on the associated fiscal corruption. Using the budget variables as predictors, we train a tree-based gradient-boosted classifier to predict the presence of corruption in held-out test data. The trained model, when applied to new data, provides a prediction-based measure of corruption that can be used for new empirical analysis or to support policy responses. We validate the empirical usefulness of this measure by replicating and extending some previous empirical evidence on corruption issues in Brazil. We then explore how the predictions can be used to support policies toward corruption. Our policy simulations show that, relative to the status quo policy of random audits, a targeted policy guided by the machine predictions could detect almost twice as many corrupt municipalities for the same audit rate. Similar gains can be achieved for a politically neutral targeting policy that equalizes audit rates across political parties.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235385
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9015 (2021)
    Schlagworte: algorithmic decision-making; corruption policy; local public finance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Internal migration and the spread of Covid-19
    Autor*in: Valsecchi, Michele; Durante, Ruben
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  CEFIR, Moscow

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    Schriftenreihe: NES working paper series ; no. 276
    Schlagworte: internal migration; mobility; health; epidemic; Covid-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Lost in the net?
    broadband internet and youth mental health
    Autor*in: Donati, Dante; Durante, Ruben; Sobbrio, Francesco; Zejcirovic, Dijana
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    How does the internet affect young people's mental health? We study this question in the context of Italy using administrative data on the universe of cases of mental disorders diagnosed in Italian hospitals between 2001 and 2013, which we combine... mehr

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    How does the internet affect young people's mental health? We study this question in the context of Italy using administrative data on the universe of cases of mental disorders diagnosed in Italian hospitals between 2001 and 2013, which we combine with information on the availability of highspeed internet at the municipal level. Our identification strategy exploits differences in the proximity of municipalities to the pre-existing voice telecommunication infrastructure, which was previously irrelevant but became salient after the advent of the internet. We find that access to high-speed internet has a significant positive effect on the incidence of mental disorders for young cohorts but not for older ones. In particular, internet access leads to an increase in diagnoses of depression, anxiety, drug abuse, and personality disorders - for both males and females - and of eating and sleep disorders - for females only. We find similar results for urgent and compulsory hospitalizations and self-harm episodes. These results suggest that the effect of broadband is driven by a rise in the underlying prevalence of mental disorders and not merely by increased awareness about these pathologies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263418
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15202
    Schlagworte: mental health; internet; ADSL; 3G
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Economic interests, worldviews, and identities
    theory and evidence on ideational politics
    Autor*in: Ash, Elliott; Mukand, Sharun W.; Rodrik, Dani
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Harvard Kennedy School, John F. Kennedy School of Government, [Cambridge, MA]

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    Schriftenreihe: Faculty research working paper series / Harvard Kennedy School, John F. Kennedy School of Government ; RWP21, 032 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Gesellschaftliches Bewusstsein; Wahlverhalten; Politische Einstellung; Interessenpolitik; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Economic interests, worldviews and identities
    theory and evidence on ideational politics
    Autor*in: Ash, Elliott; Mukand, Sharun W.; Rodrik, Dani
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We distinguish between ideational and interest-based appeals to voters on the supply side of politics, and integrate the Keynes-Hayek perspective on the importance of ideas with the Stigler-Becker approach emphasizing vested interests. In our model,... mehr

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    We distinguish between ideational and interest-based appeals to voters on the supply side of politics, and integrate the Keynes-Hayek perspective on the importance of ideas with the Stigler-Becker approach emphasizing vested interests. In our model, political entrepreneurs discover identity and worldview “memes” (narratives, cues, frames) that shift beliefs about voters’ identities or their views of how the world works. We identify a complementarity between worldview politics and identity politics and illustrate how they may reinforce each other.Furthermore, we show how adverse economic shocks may result in a greater incidence of ideational politics. We use these results to analyze data on 60,000 televised political ads in U.S. localities over the years 2000 through 2018. Our empirical work quantifies ideational politics and provides support for the key model implications, including the impact of higher inequality on both identity and worldview politics.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252018
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9501 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Gesellschaftliches Bewusstsein; Wahlverhalten; Politische Einstellung; Interessenpolitik; USA; economic interests; identity; narratives; ideational politics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Visual representation and stereotypes in news media
    Autor*in: Ash, Elliott; Durante, Ruben; Grebenshchikova, Maria; Schwarz, Carlo
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We propose a new method for measuring gender and ethnic stereotypes in news reports. By combining computer vision and natural language processing tools, the method allows us to analyze both images and text as well as the interaction between the two.... mehr

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    We propose a new method for measuring gender and ethnic stereotypes in news reports. By combining computer vision and natural language processing tools, the method allows us to analyze both images and text as well as the interaction between the two. We apply this approach to over 2 million web articles published in the New York Times and Fox News between 2000 and 2020. We find that in both outlets, men and whites are generally over-represented relative to their population share, while women and Hispanics are under-represented. We also document that news content perpetuates common stereotypes such as associating Blacks and Hispanics with low-skill jobs, crime, and poverty, and Asians with high-skill jobs and science. For jobs, we show that the relationship between visual representation and racial stereotypes holds even after controlling for the actual share of a group in a given occupation. Finally, we find that group representation in the news is influenced by the gender and ethnic identity of authors and editors.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260816
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9686 (2022)
    Schlagworte: stereotypes; gender; race; media; computer vision; text analysis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Lost in the net?
    broadband internet and youth mental health
    Autor*in: Donati, Dante; Durante, Ruben; Sobbrio, Francesco; Zejcirovic, Dijana
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    How does the internet affect young people’s mental health? We study this question in the context of Italy using administrative data on the universe of cases of mental disorders diagnosed in Italian hospitals between 2001 and 2013, which we combine... mehr

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    How does the internet affect young people’s mental health? We study this question in the context of Italy using administrative data on the universe of cases of mental disorders diagnosed in Italian hospitals between 2001 and 2013, which we combine with information on the availability of high-speed internet at the municipal level. Our identification strategy exploits differences in the proximity of municipalities to the pre-existing voice telecommunication infrastructure, which was previously irrelevant but became salient after the advent of the internet. We find that access to high-speed internet has a significant positive effect on the incidence of mental disorders for young cohorts but not for older ones. In particular, internet access leads to an increase in diagnoses of depression, anxiety, drug abuse, and personality disorders - for both males and females - and of eating and sleep disorders - for females only. We find similar results for urgent and compulsory hospitalizations and self-harm episodes. These results suggest that the effect of broadband is driven by a rise in the underlying prevalence of mental disorders and not merely by increased awareness about these pathologies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260806
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9676 (2022)
    Schlagworte: mental health; internet; ADSL; 3G
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  25. Media capture by banks
    Autor*in: Durante, Ruben; Fabiani, Andrea; Laeven, Luc; Peydró, José-Luis
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Do media slant news in favor of the banks they borrow from? We study how lending connections affect news coverage of banks earnings reports and of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis on major newspapers from several European countries. We find that... mehr

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    Do media slant news in favor of the banks they borrow from? We study how lending connections affect news coverage of banks earnings reports and of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis on major newspapers from several European countries. We find that newspapers cover announcements by their lenders - relative to those of other banks - significantly more when they report profits than when they report losses. Such pro-lender bias is stronger for more leveraged outlets and banks, and operates on the extensive margin for general-interest newspapers and on the intensive margin for financial newspapers. Regarding the Eurozone crisis we find that newspapers connected to banks more exposed to stressed sovereign bonds are more likely to promote a narrative of the crisis favorable to banks and to oppose debt-restructuring measures detrimental to creditors. Our findings support the concern that financial distress and increased dependence on creditors may undermine media companies' editorial independence.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263430
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15214
    Schlagworte: media bias; banks; newspapers; earnings reports; Eurozone crisis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen