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  1. Even more discouraged?
    the NEET generation at the age of COVID-19
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Brunetti, Irene; Mussida, Chiara; Schicchitano, Sergio
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper evaluates if and to what extend the risk of becoming Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) has worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. The analysis is based on a unique dataset from the merging of two sample surveys, the... mehr

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    This paper evaluates if and to what extend the risk of becoming Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) has worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. The analysis is based on a unique dataset from the merging of two sample surveys, the Italian Labor Force Survey and the Institutional Quality Index dataset. We find that the probability of being NEET significantly increased during the pandemic, but heterogeneously between age cohorts and geographical areas. The most affected categories have been young people (aged 25-34) and those living in North-West regions. Females are mostly affected compared to males, especially those experiencing motherhood and living in a Southern province. Investment in education reduces the NEET status, mainly for age-group 25-34 in the South. Participation in the civil society significantly reduces the probability to being NEET. Finally, active policies conducted at regional level are a further educational investment that protect from becoming NEET, although their effectiveness is not significant in the Southern regions. We provide novel evidence to inform policymakers and help building evidence-based policies, tailored on local needs.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235028
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 863
    Schlagworte: NEET; Covid-19 pandemic; quality institutions; Italian provinces
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Who lost the most?
    distributive effects of COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Brunetti, Irene; Mussida, Chiara; Scicchitano, Sergio
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper investigates what happened to the wage distribution in Italy during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows which categories of workers and economic sectors have suffered more than others and to what extent both the actual level... mehr

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    This paper investigates what happened to the wage distribution in Italy during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows which categories of workers and economic sectors have suffered more than others and to what extent both the actual level of smart-working and the ability to Working From-Home can influence the wage distribution. We use a unique dataset relying on the merging of two sample surveys: the Italian Labor Force Survey set up by National Institute of Statistics and the Italian Survey of Professions conducted by the National Institute for Public Policy Analysis. We estimate quantile regression models accounting for selection. First, the findings reveal that the pandemic has affected the wages of the whole workers, but the effect is higher at the bottom of the wage distribution. Second, the actual working from home mitigates the negative distributional consequences of the COVID-19 observed for those at the bottom of the wage distribution. However, the advantage of workers at the bottom tail of the wage distribution seems to lessen in the long term once the health emergency is passed. Third, looking at sectoral heterogeneity, retail and the restaurant are the most hit sectors in terms of wage loss. Fourth, separating by gender, men have been mostly hit by the pandemic, particularly at lowest deciles, though they benefited more from working at home at higher deciles. Finally, women appear as the one that in the long run would benefit more from increasing working from home possibility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233481
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 829
    Schlagworte: Wage inequality; COVID-19; Working from home; Quantile regression
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Delayed graduation and university dropout
    a review of theoretical approaches
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Baici, Eliana; Casalone, Giorgia; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: September 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper surveys the theoretical approaches used in the literature to study the phenomenon of delayed graduation and university dropout. The classical human capital model does not contemplate failure, which the amended human capital model does.... mehr

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    This paper surveys the theoretical approaches used in the literature to study the phenomenon of delayed graduation and university dropout. The classical human capital model does not contemplate failure, which the amended human capital model does. Delayed graduation and university dropout are two stages of the same decision repeated over the years to step aside or leave when the net returns to education expected ex ante are negative. Failure can also be taken as a signal of the real skills of individuals who do not succeed to gain a higher level of education. The job search approach underlines the role of positive/negative local labor market conditions as a factor able to explain choices of investment in human capital. Within the bargaining approach, the decision to delay graduation or dropout from university is related to bargaining within the family between parents and children: the former give their children better consumption opportunities in return for their presence at home. Although the amended human capital model is certainly the most compelling one, the other approaches help framing factors which are neglected in the human capital model, forming a well-structured body of knowledge to better understand the phenomenon under scrutiny, while also suggesting a set of policy tools to better control it.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207426
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12601
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The economics of university dropouts and delayed graduation
    a survey
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Baici, Eliana; Casalone, Giorgia; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    This survey organizes and discusses the theoretical and empirical literature on the determinants of university student achievements. According to the theoretical framework, the decision to invest in tertiary education is a sequential process made... mehr

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    This survey organizes and discusses the theoretical and empirical literature on the determinants of university student achievements. According to the theoretical framework, the decision to invest in tertiary education is a sequential process made under gradually decreasing levels of uncertainty on education costs and future returns. Students, applying a learning by doing approach, update their information set each academic year and revise benefits and costs associated to tertiary education. Accordingly, they decide whether to continue university studies in order to get a degree or to withdraw. This university decisional process is discussed by clustering the determinants of university outcomes into four main categories - students' characteristics, abilities and behavior; parental background and family networks; characteristics of the tertiary education system and its institutions; labor market performance - which are drawn from the empirical evidence. The policy advice resulting from the encompassing analysis is to provide an all-inclusive orientation activity for students, before they enroll at university. A complete understanding of the potential costs and benefits of this human capital investment can in fact reduce the risk of early withdrawal or delayed graduation.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/175578
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 189
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  5. Delayed graduation and university dropout
    a review of theoretical approaches
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Baici, Eliana; Casalone, Giorgia; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper surveys the theoretical approaches used in the literature to study the phenomenon of delayed graduation and university dropout. The classical human capital model does not contemplate failure, which the amended human capital model does.... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 565
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper surveys the theoretical approaches used in the literature to study the phenomenon of delayed graduation and university dropout. The classical human capital model does not contemplate failure, which the amended human capital model does. Delayed graduation and university dropout are two stages of the same decision repeated over the years to step aside or leave when the net returns to education expected ex ante are negative. Failure can also be taken as a signal of the real skills of individuals who do not succeed to gain a higher level of education, The job search approach underlines the role of positive/negative local labor market conditions as a factor able to explain choices of investment in human capital. Within the bargaining approach, the decision to delay graduation or dropout from university is related to bargaining within the family between parents and children: the former give their children better consumption opportunities in return for their presence at home. Although the amended human capital model is certainly the most compelling one, the other approaches help framing factors which are neglected in the human capital model, forming a well-structured body of knowledge to better understand the phenomenon under scrutiny, while also suggesting a set of policy tools to better control it.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/203475
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 399
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The economics of university dropouts and delayed graduation
    a survey
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Baici, Eliana; Casalone, Giorgia; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: March 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    This survey organizes and discusses the theoretical and empirical literature on the determinants of university student achievements. According to the theoretical framework, the decision to invest in tertiary education is a sequential process made... mehr

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4 (11421)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This survey organizes and discusses the theoretical and empirical literature on the determinants of university student achievements. According to the theoretical framework, the decision to invest in tertiary education is a sequential process made under gradually decreasing levels of uncertainty on education costs and future returns. Students, applying a learning by doing approach, update their information set each academic year and revise benefits and costs associated to tertiary education. Accordingly, they decide whether to continue university studies in order to get a degree or to withdraw. This university decisional process is discussed by clustering the determinants of university outcomes into four main categories - students' characteristics, abilities and behavior; parental background and family networks; characteristics of the tertiary education system and its institutions; labor market performance - which are drawn from the empirical evidence. The policy advice resulting from the encompassing analysis is to provide an all-inclusive orientation activity for students, before they enroll at university. A complete understanding of the potential costs and benefits of this human capital investment can in fact reduce the risk of early withdrawal or delayed graduation.

     
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    Volltext (kostenfrei)
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    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/180439
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11421
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  7. The intergenerational transmission of liberal professions
    nepotism versus abilities
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Nicoletti, Cheti
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Dep. of Economics and Related Studies, Univ. of York, York

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers in economics ; 14/14
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (34, VI S.)
  8. The intergenerational mobility of liberal professions
    nepotism versus abilities
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Nicoletti, Cheti
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  ISER, [Colchester]

    By using university administrative and survey data on Italian graduates, we analyze the transmission of liberal professions from fathers to children. We assess the effect of nepotism and family networking, separately from other transmission channels,... mehr

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    By using university administrative and survey data on Italian graduates, we analyze the transmission of liberal professions from fathers to children. We assess the effect of nepotism and family networking, separately from other transmission channels, on the probability of choosing a degree that gives access to liberal professions, of obtaining a licensing and of starting a liberal profession. The results suggest that the effect of nepotism and networking is irrelevant on the degree choice, modest on the success rate at the licensing exam, but large and significant on the probability to start a liberal profession.

     
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/126461
    Schriftenreihe: ISER Working Paper Series ; 2014-39
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([2], 35, VI S.)
  9. Student performance may not improve when universities are choosier
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Cappellari, Lorenzo; Francesconi, Marco
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  CESifo, München

    We use unique administrative data from a leading Italian University to estimate whether the use of admission tests and conditional progression schemes are effective strategies to select high-performing students. Previous work has mainly focused on... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    We use unique administrative data from a leading Italian University to estimate whether the use of admission tests and conditional progression schemes are effective strategies to select high-performing students. Previous work has mainly focused on the effect of selectivity policies on widening university access by individuals from ethnic minorities and disadvantaged background. -- college student performance ; college admission ; institutional selectivity ; difference-in-difference design

     
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/46391
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 3264
    Schlagworte: Studierende; Bildungsniveau; Hochschule; Personalauswahl; Schätzung; Italien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 9 S., 223 KB), graph. Darst.
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    Parallel als Druckausg. erschienen
  10. Delayed graduation and overeducation
    a test of the human capital model versus the screening hypothesis
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    The academic circles are devoting a growing interest to delayed graduation and overeducation, but none has analyzed the joint consequences of these two phenomena. Thus, this paper studies the link between graduation not within the minimum period and... mehr

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    The academic circles are devoting a growing interest to delayed graduation and overeducation, but none has analyzed the joint consequences of these two phenomena. Thus, this paper studies the link between graduation not within the minimum period and overeducation, and the effects of these variables on wages, using the ISFOL-Plus data. According to the human capital model, delayed graduation increases a student' human capital and should, therefore, reduce her probability of being overeducated, while increasing her wage. According to the screening hypothesis, instead, delayed graduation signals low skills and therefore increases the chances of being overeducated, while bearing a wage penalty. The evidence lines towards predictions based on the screening hypothesis. First, delayed graduation increases the chances of overeducation. In addition, the direct wage penalty associated to delayed graduation equals 7% of the median wage. However, being a determinant of overeducation, it also indirectly contributes to the penalty of 19.8% of the median wage associated to overeducation. These effects are sizeable, considering the very low returns to higher education in Italy reported in previous studies. -- university-to-work transition ; delayed graduation ; overeducation ; human capital theory ; screening hypothesis ; earnings equations ; Italy

     
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/58987
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 6413
    Schlagworte: Akademiker; Arbeitsmarktintegration; Unterbeschäftigung; Bildungsabschluss; Dauer; Signalling; Schätzung; Italien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 28 S., 283,92 KB), graph. Darst.