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  1. Global dynamic timelines for IPRs harmonization against software piracy
    Autor*in: Andrés, Antonio R.; Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Inst. for Advanced Development Studies, La Paz

    This paper employs a recent methodological innovation on intellectual property rights (IPRs) harmonization to project global timelines for common policies against business software piracy. The findings on 99 countries are premised on 15 fundamental... mehr

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    This paper employs a recent methodological innovation on intellectual property rights (IPRs) harmonization to project global timelines for common policies against business software piracy. The findings on 99 countries are premised on 15 fundamental characteristics of software piracy based on income-levels (high-income, lower-middle-income, uppermiddle- income and low-income), legal-origins (English common-law, French civil-law, German civil-law and, Scandinavian civil-law) and, regional proximity (South Asia, Europe & Central Asia, East Asia & the Pacific, Middle East & North Africa, Latin America & the Caribbean and, Sub-Saharan Africa). The results broadly show that a feasible horizon for the harmonization of blanket policies ranges from 4 to 10 years. -- software piracy ; intellectual property rights ; panel data ; convergence

     
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    hdl: 10419/87826
    Schriftenreihe: Development research working paper series ; 01/2013
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([8] S.)
  2. The impact of formal institutions on knowledge economy
    Autor*in: Andrés, Antonio R.; Asongu, Simplice A.; Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich S.
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Inst. for Advanced Development Studies, La Paz

    Using Kauffman, Kraay, and Mastruzzi governance indicators, this article analyzes the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy- by assessing how the enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) through good governance mechanisms... mehr

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    Using Kauffman, Kraay, and Mastruzzi governance indicators, this article analyzes the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy- by assessing how the enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) through good governance mechanisms affects the knowledge economy. The article also employs the World Bank's four components of the knowledge economy index characteristic of its knowledge for development (K4D) framework. We estimate panel data models for 22 Middle East & North African and Sub-Sahara African countries over the period 1996-2010. The results show that for this group of countries the enforcement of IPR laws (treaties), although necessary, is not a sufficient condition for a knowledge economy. The results also suggest that other factors are more likely to determine the knowledge economies of these nations. Overall these findings have important implications for both policy and further research.

     
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    hdl: 10419/106332
    Schriftenreihe: Development research working paper series ; 05/2013
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (40 S.)
  3. Globalization, peace & stability, governance, and knowledge economy
    Autor*in: Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich S.; Asongu, Simplice A.; Andrés, Antonio R.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Inst. for Advanced Development Studies, La Paz

    A previous analysis of the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy of 22 Middle-Eastern and Sub-Sahara African countries during the 1996-2010 time period concluded that formal institutions were necessary, but inadequate, determinants... mehr

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    A previous analysis of the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy of 22 Middle-Eastern and Sub-Sahara African countries during the 1996-2010 time period concluded that formal institutions were necessary, but inadequate, determinants of the knowledge economy. To extend that study, this paper claims that globalization induces peace and stability, which affects governance and through governance the knowledge economy. The claim addresses one weakness of previous research that did not consider the effects on the knowledge economy of globalization. We model the proposition as a three-stage process in four hypotheses, and estimate each hypothesis using robust estimators that are capable of dealing with the usual statistical problems without sacrificing economic relevance and significance. The results indicate that globalization has varying effects on peace and stability, and peace and stability affect governance differently depending on what kind of globalization induces it. For instance, the effects on governance induced by globalization defined as trade are stronger than those resulting from globalization taken to be foreign direct investment. Hence, we conclude that foreign direct investment is not a powerful mechanism for stimulating and sustaining the knowledge economy in our sample of countries. However, since globalization-induced peace and stability have both positive and negative effects on governance simultaneously, we also conclude that while the prospect for knowledge economy in African countries is dim, it is still realistic and attainable as long as these countries continue to engage in the kind of globalization that does indeed induce peace and stability. We further conclude that there is a need for a sharper focus on economic and institutional governance than on general governance as one possible extension of this paper.

     
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    hdl: 10419/106342
    Schriftenreihe: Development research working paper series ; 04/2014
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([35] S.)
  4. China's strategies in economic diplomacy
    a survey of updated lessons for Africa, the West and China
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.; Aminkeng, Gilbert A. A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    The Washington consensus, the hitherto dominant scheme is being encroached by the Beijing model. Many African nations are increasingly embracing this Beijing approach because the dominant Western model has failed to deliver on a number of fronts.... mehr

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    The Washington consensus, the hitherto dominant scheme is being encroached by the Beijing model. Many African nations are increasingly embracing this Beijing approach because the dominant Western model has failed to deliver on a number of fronts. This is increasingly evident because China's economic diplomacy has been politely and strategically coined to achieve just that. A case study is used here to articulate the currents of the survey. The paper puts some structure on China’s economic diplomatic strategies and discusses lessons for Africa, China and the West. It contributes to existing literature by critically engaging on why it is necessary for the West to adjust the conception and definition of the Washington Consensus as a complement to the Beijing model. In order to remain relevant in the 21st century and beyond, the Washington consensus can incorporate the Moyo (2013) conjecture which postulates that, while the Beijing model is optimal in the short-run, the Washington Consensus remains the optimal long-term development model because it is more inclusive.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123650
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/036
    Schlagworte: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen; Geopolitik; China; Afrika; Westliche Staaten
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (32 S.)
  5. The impact of software piracy on inclusive human development
    evidence from Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Andrés, Antonio R.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This paper examines two dimensions of the software piracy-development nexus to complement existing formal literature. It empirically assesses the incidence of piracy on the Human Development Index (HDI) and its constituents and then the... mehr

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    This paper examines two dimensions of the software piracy-development nexus to complement existing formal literature. It empirically assesses the incidence of piracy on the Human Development Index (HDI) and its constituents and then the instrumentality of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) treaties (laws) in the linkages. An instrumental variable or Two-stage least squares is applied on panel of 11 African countries with data for the period 2000-2010. Three main findings are established: (1) software piracy has a negative incidence on inequality adjusted human development; (2) the unappealing effect of piracy on the HDI is fuelled by per capita economic prosperity and life expectancy components of human emancipation; (3) software piracy increases literacy. Two major policy implications have been retained from the findings. Firstly, adherence to international IPRs protection treaties (laws) may not impede per capita economic prosperity and could improve life-expectancy. Secondly, adoption of tight IPRs regimes may negatively affect human development by diminishing the literacy rate and restricting diffusion of knowledge.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123647
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/035
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (30 S.)
  6. Foreign aid and governance in Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    Purpose - This paper investigates the effect of foreign aid on governance in order to extend the debates on foreign aid and to verify common positions from Moyo's 'Dead Aid', Collier's 'Bottom Billion' and Eubank's 'Somaliland'. The empirical... mehr

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    Purpose - This paper investigates the effect of foreign aid on governance in order to extend the debates on foreign aid and to verify common positions from Moyo's 'Dead Aid', Collier's 'Bottom Billion' and Eubank's 'Somaliland'. The empirical evidence is based on updated data from 52 African countries for the period 1996-2010. Design/methodology/approach - An endogeneity robust instrumental variable Two-Stage-Least Squares empirical strategy is employed. Findings - The findings reveal that development assistance deteriorates economic (regulation quality and government effectiveness) and institutional (corruption-control and rule of law) governance, but has an insignificant effect on political (political stability, voice and accountability) governance. While, these findings are broadly in accordance with Moyo (2009) and Collier (2007) on weak governance, they neither confirm the Eubank (2012) position on political governance nor the Asongu (2012) stance on the aid-corruption nexus in his debate with Okada & Samreth (2012). Practical implications - The use of foreign aid as an instrument to influence the election and replacement of political leaders in Africa may have insignificant results. It is time to solve the second tragedy of foreign aid and that economists and policy makers start rethinking the models and theories on which foreign aid is used to influence economic, institutional and political governance in recipient countries. Originality/value - The paper extends the debate on foreign aid and institutions in Africa in the light a plethora of recent studies in the aid literature.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123640
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/034
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (35 S.)
  7. Reinventing foreign aid for inclusive and sustainable development
    a survey
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This survey essay reviews over 200 papers in arguing that in order to achieve sustainable and inclusive development, foreign aid should not orient developing countries towards industrialisation in the perspective of Kuznets but in the view of... mehr

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    This survey essay reviews over 200 papers in arguing that in order to achieve sustainable and inclusive development, foreign aid should not orient developing countries towards industrialisation in the perspective of Kuznets but in the view of Piketty. Abandoning the former's view that inequality will fall with progress in industrialisation and placing more emphasis on inequality in foreign aid policy will lead to more sustainable development outcomes. Inter alia: mitigate short-term poverty; address concerns of burgeoning population growth; train recipient governments on inclusive development; fight corruption and mismanagement and; avoid the shortfalls of celebrated Kuznets' conjectures. We discuss how the essay addresses post-2015 development challenges and provide foreign aid policy instruments with which discussed objectives can be achieved. In summary, the essay provides useful policy measures to avoid past pitfalls. 'Output may be growing, and yet the mass of the people may be becoming poorer' (Lewis, 1955). 'Lewis led all developing countries to water, proverbially speaking, some African countries have so far chosen not to drink' (Amavilah, 2014). Piketty (2014) has led all developing countries to the stream again and a challenging policy syndrome of our time is how foreign aid can help them to drink.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123648
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/033
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (34 S.)
  8. Revolution empirics
    predicting the Arab Spring
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    The paper examines whether the Arab Spring phenomenon was predictable by complete elimination in the dispersion of core demands for better governance, more jobs and stable consumer prices. A methodological innovation of the Generalized Methods of... mehr

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    The paper examines whether the Arab Spring phenomenon was predictable by complete elimination in the dispersion of core demands for better governance, more jobs and stable consumer prices. A methodological innovation of the Generalized Methods of Moments is employed to assess the feasibility and timing of the revolution. The empirical evidence reveals that from a projection date of 2007, the Arab Spring was foreseeable between 2011 and 2012. The paper contributes at the same time to the empirics of predicting revolutions and the scarce literature on modeling the future of socio-economic events. Caveats and cautions are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123641
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/032
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (36 S.)
  9. Institutions and poverty
    a critical comment based on evolving currents and debates
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Kodila-Tedika, Oasis
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    Tebaldi & Mohan (2010, JDS) have established an empirical nexus between institutions and monetary poverty. We first, reflect their findings in light of recent development models, debates and currents in post-2010 literature. We then re-examine their... mehr

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    Tebaldi & Mohan (2010, JDS) have established an empirical nexus between institutions and monetary poverty. We first, reflect their findings in light of recent development models, debates and currents in post-2010 literature. We then re-examine their results with a non-monetary and multidimensional poverty indicator first published in 2010. Our findings confirm the negative relationship and the nexus disappears with control for average income. Hence, confirming the conclusions of the underlying study that institutions could have an indirect effect on multidimensional poverty. In other words, the poverty eradication effect of institutions is through income-average as opposed to income-inequality. We discuss the confirmed findings in light of implications to: (1) debates over preferences in economic rights; (2) China's development/outlook; (3) the Chinese model versus sustainable development; (4) the Fosu conjectures; (5) Piketty's & Kuznets' celebrated literatures and (6) future research to ascertain the inequality mechanism.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123645
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/031
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (21 S.), graph. Darst.
  10. Foreign aid, investment and fiscal policy behavior
    theory and empirical evidence
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Jellal, Mohammed
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    The paper provides theoretical and empirical justifications for the instrumentality of foreign aid in stimulating private investment and fixed capital formation through fiscal policy mechanisms. We propose an endogenous growth theory based on an... mehr

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    The paper provides theoretical and empirical justifications for the instrumentality of foreign aid in stimulating private investment and fixed capital formation through fiscal policy mechanisms. We propose an endogenous growth theory based on an extension of Barro (1990) by postulating that the positive effect of aid mitigates the burden of the taxation system on the private sector of recipient countries. The empirical validity is based on 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. While the findings on the tax effort channel are overwhelmingly consistent with theory across specifications and fundamental characteristics, those of the government expenditure channel are a little heterogeneous but broadly in line with the theoretical postulations. Justification for the slight heterogeneity and policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123642
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/030
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (37 S.)
  11. The role of lifelong learning in political stability and non-violence
    evidence from Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Nwachukwu, Jacinta C.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    Purpose - Education as a weapon in the fight against conflict and violence remains widely debated in policy and academic circles. Against the background of growing political instability in Africa and the central role of the knowledge economy in 21st... mehr

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    Purpose - Education as a weapon in the fight against conflict and violence remains widely debated in policy and academic circles. Against the background of growing political instability in Africa and the central role of the knowledge economy in 21st century development, this paper provides three contributions to existing literature. It assesses how political stability/ non-violence is linked to the incremental, synergy and lifelong learning effects of education. Design/methodology/approach - We define lifelong learning as the combined knowledge acquired during primary, secondary and tertiary education. Principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensions of educational and political indicators. An endogeneity robust dynamic system Generalized Methods of Moments is used for the estimations. Findings - We establish three main findings. First, education is a useful weapon in the fight against political instability. Second, there is an incremental effect of education in the transition from secondary to tertiary schools. Third, lifelong learning also has positive and synergy effects. This means that the impact of lifelong learning is higher than the combined independent effects of various educational levels. The empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. Practical implications - A plethora of policy implications are discussed, inter alia: how the drive towards increasing the knowledge economy through lifelong learning can be an effective tool in the fight against violence and political insurgency in Africa. Originality/value - As the continent is nursing knowledge economy ambitions, the paper is original in investigating the determinants of political stability/non violence from three dimensions of education attainment: the incremental, the lifelong learning and a synergy effect.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123636
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/029
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (30 S.)
  12. A brief clarification to the questionable economics of foreign aid for inclusive human development
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    The study clarifies the questionable economics of foreign aid for inclusive human development. It investigates the effect of a plethora of foreign aid dynamics on the inequality adjusted human development index. Contemporary and non-contemporary OLS,... mehr

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    The study clarifies the questionable economics of foreign aid for inclusive human development. It investigates the effect of a plethora of foreign aid dynamics on the inequality adjusted human development index. Contemporary and non-contemporary OLS, Fixed-effects and a system GMM technique with forward orthogonal deviations are employed. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 53 African countries for the period 2005-2012. The following findings are established. First, the impacts of aid dynamics with high degrees of substitution are positive. These include, aid for: social infrastructure, economic infrastructure, the productive sector and the multi-sector. Second, the effect of humanitarian assistance is consistently negative across specifications and models. Third, the effects of programme assistance and action on debts are ambiguous because they become positive with the GMM technique. Justifications for these changes and clarifications with respect to existing literature are provided. Policy implications are discussed in light of Piketty's celebrated literature and the post-2015 development agenda. We also provide some recommendations for a rethinking of theories and models on which development assistance is based.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123634
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/028
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (22 S.)
  13. The effects of remittances on output per worker in Sub-Saharan Africa
    a production function approach
    Autor*in: Ssozi, John; Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This paper uses a production function to examine the channels through which remittances affect output per worker in 31 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries from 1980-2010. We find that remittances directly increase output per worker if complemented... mehr

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    This paper uses a production function to examine the channels through which remittances affect output per worker in 31 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries from 1980-2010. We find that remittances directly increase output per worker if complemented with education. The indirect effects vary with the economic characteristics of the recipient nations: while remittances have increased human capital among the low-income nations, among the upper-middle-income nations, they have mostly increased total factor productivity, but are still inversely related to factor inputs among the lower-middle-income nations of SSA. Finally, remittances are more effective when institutional risk is reducing.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123632
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/027
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (33 S.), graph. Darst.
  14. Middle class in Africa
    determinants and consequences
    Autor*in: Kodila-Tedika, Oasis; Asongu, Simplice A.; Kayembe, Julio Mukendi
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This study complements the inclusive growth literature by examining the determinants and consequences of the middle class in a continent where economic growth has been relatively high. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 33 African... mehr

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    This study complements the inclusive growth literature by examining the determinants and consequences of the middle class in a continent where economic growth has been relatively high. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 33 African countries for a 2010 cross-sectional study. OLS, 2SLS, 3SLS and SUR estimation techniques are employed to regress a plethora of middle class indicators, notably, the: floating, middle-class with floating, middle-class without floating, lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income categories. Results can be classified into two main strands. First, results on determinants broadly show that GDP per capita and education positively affect all middle class dependent variables. However, we have seen a negative nexus for the effect of ethnic fragmentation, political stability in general and partially for economic vulnerability. Simple positive correlations have been observed for: the size of the informal sector, openness and democracy. Second, on the consequences, the middle class enables the accumulation of human and infrastructural capital, while its effect is null on political stability and democracy in the short-run but positive for governance and modernisation. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123638
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/026
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (31 S.), graph. Darst.
  15. Economic implications of business dynamics for KE-associated economic growth and inclusive development in African countries
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich S.; Andrés, Antonio R.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This paper develops an empirically-relevant framework (a) to examine whether or not the African business environment hinders or promotes the knowledge economy (KE), (b) to determine how the KE which emerges from such an environment affects economic... mehr

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    This paper develops an empirically-relevant framework (a) to examine whether or not the African business environment hinders or promotes the knowledge economy (KE), (b) to determine how the KE which emerges from such an environment affects economic growth, and (c) how growth in turn relates to the 'inclusive development' of 53 African countries during the 1996-2010 time period. The framework provides a modest guide to policymaking about, and further research into, such relationships. We implement the framework by building a three-stage model and rationalizing it as five interrelated hypotheses. To allow greater concentration on the issues that are themselves already complex, our model is very simple, but clear. For example, we make neither an attempt to evaluate causality nor to test for it, even though we suspect the links to be multi-directional - opportunity costs are everywhere. Instead we focus on fundamental relationships between the dynamics of starting business and doing business as expressed in the state of KE, and through it to the inclusive development via the economic growth of those countries. Estimation results indicate that the dynamics of starting and doing business explain strongly a large part of variations in KE. The link between KE and economic growth exists, but it is weak, and we provide plausible reasons for such a result. Despite the weak association between KE and economic growth, KE-influenced growth plays a very important role in inclusive development. In fact, growth of this kind has stronger effects on inclusive development and by implication on poverty reduction, than some of conventional controls in this study such as FDI, foreign aid, and even private investment. There is clearly room for further research to improve the results, but just as clearly practical policy is best served by not neglecting the relationships examined in this paper.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/023
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  16. Taxation, foreign aid and political governance
    figures to the facts of a celebrated literature
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This paper puts figures to the facts of Eubank (2012), a recently celebrated paper in the Journal of Development Studies. We investigate the underpinning Somaliland-based hypothesis that foreign aid dilutes the positive role of taxation on political... mehr

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    This paper puts figures to the facts of Eubank (2012), a recently celebrated paper in the Journal of Development Studies. We investigate the underpinning Somaliland-based hypothesis that foreign aid dilutes the positive role of taxation on political governance. The assessment is based on 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. For more policy options, the dataset is disaggregated into fundamental characteristics of African development based on income-levels, legal origins, natural resources and landlockeness. While the Eubank hypothesis is invalid in baseline Africa, low-income and English common law countries of the continent, we cannot conclude on its validity for other fundamental characteristics of development. Policy implications, caveats and future directions are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123639
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/022
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (33 S.)
  17. May the soul of the IFS financial system definition RIP in developing countries
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    In this paper, we dissect with great acuteness contemporary insufficiencies of the IFS (2008) definition of the financial system and conclude from sound theoretical underpinnings and empirical justifications that the foundation, on which it is based,... mehr

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    In this paper, we dissect with great acuteness contemporary insufficiencies of the IFS (2008) definition of the financial system and conclude from sound theoretical underpinnings and empirical justifications that the foundation, on which it is based, while solid for developed countries, holds less ground in developing countries. Perhaps one of the deepest empirical hollows in the financial development literature has been the equation of financial depth in the perspective of money supply to liquid liabilities. This equation has put on the margin (and skewed) burgeoning phenomena of mobile banking, knowledge economy (KE), inequality…etc. We conclude that the informal financial sector, a previously missing component in the IFS conception and definition of the financial system can only be marginalized at the cost of misunderstanding recent burgeoning trends in mobile phone penetration, KE and poverty. Hence, the IFS definition has incontrovertibly fought its final dead battle and lost in the face of soaring trends highlighted above. Despite the plethora of econometric and policy-making sins the definition has committed in developing countries through bias estimates and misleading inferences, may its soul RIP.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123635
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/021
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (24 S.)
  18. The questionable economics of development assistance in Africa
    hot-fresh evidence, 1996 - 2010
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This paper assesses the aid-development nexus in 52 African countries using updated data (1996-2010) and a new indicator of human development (adjusted for inequality). The effects of Total Net Official Development Assistance (NODA), NODA from the... mehr

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    This paper assesses the aid-development nexus in 52 African countries using updated data (1996-2010) and a new indicator of human development (adjusted for inequality). The effects of Total Net Official Development Assistance (NODA), NODA from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and NODA from Multilateral donors on economic prosperity (at national and per capita levels) are also examined. The findings broadly indicate that development assistance is detrimental to GDP growth, GDP per capita growth and inequality adjusted human development. The magnitude of negativity (which is consistent across specifications and development dynamics) is highest for NODA from Multilateral donors, followed by NODA from DAC countries. Given concerns on the achievement of the MDGs, the relevance of these results point to the deficiency of foreign aid as a sustainable cure to poverty in Africa. Though the stated intents or purposes of aid are socio-economic, the actual impact from the findings negates this. It is a momentous epoque to solve the second tragedy of foreign aid; it is high time economists and policy makers start rethinking the models and theories on which foreign aid is based. In the meantime, it is up to people who care about the poor to hold aid agencies accountable for piecemeal results. Policy implications and caveats are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123637
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/020
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (43 S.), graph. Darst.
  19. Real effective exchange rate imbalances and macroeconomic adjustments
    evidence from the CEMAC zone
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    We assess the behavior of real effective exchange rates (REERs) of members of the CEMAC zone with respect to their long-term equilibrium paths. A reduced form of the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER) model is estimated and associated... mehr

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    We assess the behavior of real effective exchange rates (REERs) of members of the CEMAC zone with respect to their long-term equilibrium paths. A reduced form of the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER) model is estimated and associated misalignments are derived for the period 1980 to 2009. Our findings suggest that for majority of countries, macroeconomic fundamentals have the expected associations with the exchange rate fluctuations. The analysis also reveals that, only the REER adjustments of Cameroon and Gabon are significant in restoring the long-term equilibrium in event of a shock. The Cameroonian economic fundamentals of terms of trade, government expenditure and openness have different long-term relations with the REER in comparison to those of other member states. Ultimately, there is no need for an adjustment in the level of the peg based on the present quantitative analysis of REER paths.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123623
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/019
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (15 S.)
  20. Software piracy and scientific publications
    knowledge economy evidence from Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    This paper is an extension of the debate on the nexus between the strength of IPRs and prospects for knowledge economy. It assesses the relationships between software piracy and scientific publications in African countries for which data is... mehr

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    This paper is an extension of the debate on the nexus between the strength of IPRs and prospects for knowledge economy. It assesses the relationships between software piracy and scientific publications in African countries for which data is available. The findings which reveal a positive nexus are broadly consistent with the school of thought postulating that, the East Asian miracle has been largely due to weaker IPRs regimes at the early stages of development. As a policy implication, less stringent IPRs regimes on scientific-related software (at least in the short-run) will substantially boost contributions to and dissemination of knowledge through scientific and technical publications in Africa. IPRs laws (treaties) on scientific-oriented software should be strengthened in tandem with progress in: scientific and technical publications and; knowledge spillovers essential for economic growth and development. More policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123628
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/018
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (24 S.)
  21. On taxation, political accountability and foreign aid
    empirics to a celebrated literature
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    The Eubank (2012, JDS) findings on taxation, political accountability and foreign aid has had an important influence in academic and policy-making debates. Eubank has warned that his findings should not be generalized across Africa until they are... mehr

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    The Eubank (2012, JDS) findings on taxation, political accountability and foreign aid has had an important influence in academic and policy-making debates. Eubank has warned that his findings should not be generalized across Africa until they are backed by robust empirical evidence. This paper puts some empirical structure to the celebrated literature. The empirical evidence which is based on data from 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010 broadly confirms the Somaliland-based Eubank (2012) hypothesis that in the absence of foreign aid, the dependence of government on local tax revenues provides the leverage for better political governance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123627
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/017
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.)
  22. Knowledge economy gaps, policy syndromes and catch-up strategies
    fresh South Korean lessons to Africa
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    Africa's overall knowledge index fell between 2000 and 2009. South Korea's economic miracle is largely due to a knowledge-based development strategy that holds valuable lessons for African countries in their current pursuit towards knowledge... mehr

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    Africa's overall knowledge index fell between 2000 and 2009. South Korea's economic miracle is largely due to a knowledge-based development strategy that holds valuable lessons for African countries in their current pursuit towards knowledge economies. Using updated data (1996-2010), this paper presents fresh South Korean lessons to Africa by assessing the knowledge economy (KE) gaps, deriving policy syndromes and providing catch-up strategies. The 53 African frontier countries are decomposed into fundamental characteristics of wealth, legal origins, regional proximity, oil-exporting, political stability and landlockedness. The World Bank's four KE components are used: education, innovation, information & communication technology (ICT) and economic incentives & institutional regime. Absolute beta and sigma convergence techniques are employed as empirical strategies. With the exception of ICT for which catch-up is not very apparent, in increasing order it is visible in: innovation, economic incentives, education and institutional regime. The speed of catch-up varies between 8.66% and 30.00% per annum with respective time to full or 100% catch-up of 34.64 years and 10 years. Based on the trends and dynamics in the KE gaps, policy syndromes and compelling catch-up strategies are discussed. Issues standing on the way to KE in Africa are dissected with great acuteness before South Korean relevant solutions are provided. The paper is original in its provision of practical policy initiatives drawn from the Korean experience to African countries embarking on a transition to KE.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123626
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/014
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (60 S.), graph. Darst.
  23. A development consensus reconciling the Beijing Model and Washington Consensus
    views and agenda
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    Reconciling the two dominant development models of the Washington Consensus (WC) and Beijing Model (BM) remains a critical challenge in the literature. The challenge is even more demanding when emerging development paradigms like the Liberal... mehr

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    Reconciling the two dominant development models of the Washington Consensus (WC) and Beijing Model (BM) remains a critical challenge in the literature. The challenge is even more demanding when emerging development paradigms like the Liberal Institutional Pluralism (LIP) and New Structural Economics (NSE) schools have to be integrated. While the latter has recognized both State and market failures but failed to provide a unified theory, the former has left the challenging concern of how institutional diversity matter in the development process. We synthesize perspectives from over 150 recently published papers on development and Sino-African relations in order to present the relevance of both the WC and BM in the long-term and short-run respectively. While the paper provides a unified theory by reconciling the WC and the BM to complement the NSE, it at the same time presents a case for economic rights and political rights as short-run and long-run development priorities respectively. By reconciling the WC with the BM, the study contributes at the same to macroeconomic NSE literature of unifying a development theory and to the LIP literature on institutional preferences with stages of development. Hence, the proposed reconciliation takes into account the structural and institutional realities of nations at difference stages of the process of development.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123629
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/013
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (32 S.)
  24. Globalization, peace & stability, governance, and knowledge economy
    Autor*in: Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich S.; Asongu, Simplice A.; Andrés, Antonio R.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    A previous analysis of the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy of 22 Middle-Eastern and Sub-Sahara African countries during the 1996-2010 time period concluded that formal institutions were necessary, but inadequate, determinants... mehr

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    A previous analysis of the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy of 22 Middle-Eastern and Sub-Sahara African countries during the 1996-2010 time period concluded that formal institutions were necessary, but inadequate, determinants of the knowledge economy. To extend that study, this paper claims that globalization induces peace and stability, which affects governance and through governance the knowledge economy. The claim addresses one weakness of previous research that did not consider the effects on the knowledge economy of globalization. We model the proposition as a three-stage process in four hypotheses, and estimate each hypothesis using robust estimators that are capable of dealing with the usual statistical problems without sacrificing economic relevance and significance. The results indicate that globalization has varying effects on peace and stability, and peace and stability affect governance differently depending on what kind of globalization induces it. For instance, the effects on governance induced by globalization defined as trade are stronger than those resulting from globalization taken to be foreign direct investment. Hence, we conclude that foreign direct investment is not a powerful mechanism for stimulating and sustaining the knowledge economy in our sample of countries. However, since globalization-induced peace and stability have both positive and negative effects on governance simultaneously, we also conclude that while the prospect for knowledge economy in African countries is dim, it is still realistic and attainable as long as these countries continue to engage in the kind of globalization that does indeed induce peace and stability. We further conclude that there is a need for a sharper focus on economic and institutional governance than on general governance as one possible extension of this paper.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123624
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/012
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (45 S.)
  25. Global trajectories, dynamics, and tendencies of business software piracy
    benchmarking IPRs harmonization
    Autor*in: Asongu, Simplice A.; Andrés, Antonio R.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), [Yaoundé]

    In this paper, we examine global trajectories, dynamics, and tendencies of software piracy to ease the benchmarking of current efforts towards harmonizing the standards and enforcements of Intellectual Property Rights (henceforth IPRs) protection... mehr

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    In this paper, we examine global trajectories, dynamics, and tendencies of software piracy to ease the benchmarking of current efforts towards harmonizing the standards and enforcements of Intellectual Property Rights (henceforth IPRs) protection worldwide. Our empirical exercise is based on 15 different panel regressions, which together consists of 99 countries. The richness of the dataset allows us to disaggregate countries into fundamental characteristics of business software piracy based on income-levels (high-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income and low-income), legal-origins (English common-law, French civil-law, German civil-law and, Scandinavian civil-law) and, regional proximity (South Asia, Europe & Central Asia, East Asia & the Pacific, Middle East & North Africa, Latin America & the Caribbean and, Sub-Saharan Africa). Our main finding suggest that, a genuine timeframe for standardizing IPRs laws in the fight against software piracy is most feasible within a horizon of 4.3 to 10.4 years. In other words, full (100%) convergence within the specified timeframe will mean the enforcements of IPRs regimes without distinction of nationality or locality within identified fundamental characteristics of software piracy. The absence of convergence (in absolute and conditional terms) for the World panel indicates that, blanket policies may not be effective unless they are contingent on the prevailing trajectories, dynamics and tendencies of software piracy. Policy implications and caveats are also discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/123621
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/14/011
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (42 S.)