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  1. Educação no meio rural: diferenciais entre o rural e o urbano
    Autor*in: Pereira, Caroline Nascimento; Castro, César Nunes de
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The present work presents an analysis of rural education compared to the urban education to support the formulation of educational policies for the rural areas. This area suffered for many years with the absence of specific educational policies,... mehr

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    The present work presents an analysis of rural education compared to the urban education to support the formulation of educational policies for the rural areas. This area suffered for many years with the absence of specific educational policies, especially since the 1960s, when agricultural modernization took place in the countryside. Despite some policies implemented over the years, mainly in the 2000s, the differentials are still striking between the two realities. For the analysis of education in the area, the most recent data from the School Census, National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) and Demographic Census were used. The work begins with a discussion on development and educational public policies in rural areas, followed by a brief history of education in the Brazilian field. The following sections present socioeconomic information on the rural population, considering income and education, the profile of Brazilian basic education and the results of the Basic Education Assessment System (Saeb), with a focus on rural results.

     
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    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240826
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2632
    Schlagworte: rural development; public policies; rural education
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Assistência técnica na agricultura brasileira: uma análise sobre a origem da orientação técnica por meio do Censo Agropecuário de 2017
    Autor*in: Pereira, Caroline Nascimento; Castro, César Nunes de
    Erschienen: outubro de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Technical assistance as a support tool and source of information for rural producers has undergone several transformations over the years. After brief attempts to introduce the service, ATER gained strength in the period of agricultural... mehr

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    Technical assistance as a support tool and source of information for rural producers has undergone several transformations over the years. After brief attempts to introduce the service, ATER gained strength in the period of agricultural technification in the 1960s. Agricultural credit provided resources for producers to introduce the technological package to crops, which was disseminated through technical assistance among agricultural establishments. Some decades passed after the creation, and even dismantling, of the main institutions and entities in the sector, but technical assistance remains an indispensable service to improve the performance of the productive activity, in addition to the possibility of reducing costs and increasing profitability. Furthermore, the role of extension workers is essential to collaborate with social issues in the field, such as productive organization, associations, among others. Despite the proven importance, only 20% of Brazilian agricultural establishments have some type of technical guidance in the 2017 Agricultural Census. The public ATER, which has great capillarity throughout Brazil and qualified human capital, showed a reduction in performance among the 2006 Agricultural Census and 2017. In opposite, other sources of technical guidance have shown significant growth, such as self-orientation and cooperatives. The greater use of other sources is welcome, mainly due to the specificities of each region and the type of agriculture practiced, however many establishments, mainly in the North and Northeast of Brazil, do not have the resources and scale to hire their own employees or in the region there is no culture cooperatives, which prevents the production of many small establishments.

     
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    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/249222
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2704
    Schlagworte: social assistance policies; Benefício de Prestação Continuada; social protection systems
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Agricultura nordestina: análise comparativa entre os Censos Agropecuários de 2006 a 2017
    Autor*in: Castro, César Nunes de; Pereira, Caroline Nascimento
    Erschienen: julho de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    Agriculture in Brazil's Northeastern Region compared to the rest of the country has a history of low productivity and little use of technological innovations. This scenario is the result of public policies that did not favor the Northeast to the same... mehr

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    Agriculture in Brazil's Northeastern Region compared to the rest of the country has a history of low productivity and little use of technological innovations. This scenario is the result of public policies that did not favor the Northeast to the same extent of the Central-South region of Brazil. One-off investments were made over the years, such as irrigated perimeters, local productive arrangements, among other focused actions that produced concentrated growth. Thus, it is important to analyze how the Northeastern agriculture and the use of technological innovations behaved using data from the 2006 and 2017 Agricultural Censuses. The hypothesis of the work is that there was productive growth and greater adoption of technologies by most producers. The data confi rmed that despite agricultural growth and greater use of technologies, it remains focused and concentrated in a few areas.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243029
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2675
    Schlagworte: Agricultural Census; Northest; technological innovations
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. O Pronaf no Nordeste: análise a partir dos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2017
    Autor*in: Castro, César Nunes de; Freitas, Rogério Edivaldo
    Erschienen: julho de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The goal of the study is to analyze family farmers in Brazilian Northeast Region, based on a brief approach and the Pronaf insertion in that area. Exploratory analysis was developed based on 2017 agricultural census. Results highlight great number of... mehr

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    The goal of the study is to analyze family farmers in Brazilian Northeast Region, based on a brief approach and the Pronaf insertion in that area. Exploratory analysis was developed based on 2017 agricultural census. Results highlight great number of agricultural units which raise animals or dedicated to some kind of farming, especially medium size animal, horticultural production and plant extractivism. There is notable family units and non-family units income disparity. In family units, agricultural activities from Pronaf farmers are the major income responsible, although income arising from non-agricultural activities cannot be denied. Other public policies deserve to be improved in that region, that is, infrastructure, rural extension, and agricultural insurance. There are several contingency factors especially relevant for local small and Pronaf producers, that is, the technological base and the guarantee assets asked for concluding the Pronaf loans. Moreover, local migratory process has diminished the number of young producers, a critical point for long-term Pronaf's impact and, fi nally yet importantly, the water disputes in Brazilian Northeast.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243030
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2677
    Schlagworte: Brazil; Northeast region; agricultural; Pronaf; agricultural census
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  5. Avaliação do Programa Nacional de Apoio à Captação de Água de Chuva e Outras Tecnologias Sociais (Programa Cisternas), à luz dos objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
    Autor*in: Castro, César Nunes de
    Erschienen: dezembro de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    In 2012, as a result of the Rio+20 Conference of the United Nations (UN), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were created, including access to drinking water and basic sanitation (challenge 6 of the SDGs). In Brazil, the semiarid region is the... mehr

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    In 2012, as a result of the Rio+20 Conference of the United Nations (UN), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were created, including access to drinking water and basic sanitation (challenge 6 of the SDGs). In Brazil, the semiarid region is the region where achieving the goals of SDG 6 is most challenging. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, a new proposal to deal with the issue of water scarcity and droughts, regular event in that region,began to take shape under the aegis of the idea of coexistence with the semiarid region. Some innovative approaches emerge from this perspective, including the use of cisterns for the storage of rainwater by the rural population. The purpose of this article is to analyze this initiative since its inception (before being incorporated into the list of public policies of the federal government) until the present day, in light of its impacts on the benefited region and its contribution to SDG 6. Evidence presented in this article indicates that the Cisterns Program's contribution to achieving the goals of SDG 6 is significant. Due to the evidence recorded in this, and in many other articles, of the positive impacts of cisterns on beneficiaries, the continuation of the Cisterns Program is justified, with the purpose of one day to mitigating the most harmful effects of droughts on the population of the Brazilian semiarid region, thirst and hunger.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261037
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2722
    Schlagworte: Sustainable Development Goals; semiarid; cisterns program
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Agricultura familiar Nordestina, políticas públicas e segurança alimentar
    Autor*in: Castro, César Nunes de; Freitas, Rogério Edivaldo
    Erschienen: novembro de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The remarkable expansion of Brazilian agricultural production in recent decades has not been uniform across the territory, nor in terms of cultivated species and type of animal production. Some crops prospered significantly more than others, and... mehr

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    DS 194
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    The remarkable expansion of Brazilian agricultural production in recent decades has not been uniform across the territory, nor in terms of cultivated species and type of animal production. Some crops prospered significantly more than others, and expanded at a faster pace. In this scenario, how did the evolution of the production of basic food items for the Brazilian population, products aimed primarily at the domestic market, behave? In an attempt to answer this question, we analyze, through data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, the production of family farming in the Northeast of some selected agricultural products that constitute items in the regional basic food basket. From this analysis, the production of family farming and regional food security and of the farming families themselves are related, and, finally, the relationship of family farming, through the production of basic items, with federal promoting programs, such as the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), is investigated. Such programs, and their relationship with family farming, and their impacts on regional food security, constitute the second, and greatest, objective of this study. In summary, the article highlights their importance as an incentive measure for the production of family farming in the Brazil's Northeast.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265279
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2708
    Schlagworte: family farming; Northeast; National School Feeding Program; Food Aquisition Program; food security
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)