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  1. Életem. Mein Leben – Autobiografie von József Molnár
    Autor*in: Molnár, József
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Miller, München

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Ungarisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783000317873
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    Umfang: Online-Ressource
  2. A közszféra bérszintje és a magánszektorból átlépők szelekciója 1997-2008-ban
    Autor*in: Köllő, János
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The paper looks at the effect of exceptionally large fluctuations in the level of public sector pay on the number and quality of workers moving from the private to the public sector in Hungary. Special emphasis is put on the unique pay rises taking... mehr

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    The paper looks at the effect of exceptionally large fluctuations in the level of public sector pay on the number and quality of workers moving from the private to the public sector in Hungary. Special emphasis is put on the unique pay rises taking place before and after the 2002 elections. The study is based on a large panel of administrative data covering 1997-2008. The data suggest that flows to the public sector fell during and after the wage hikes. Repeated cross-section and panel wage regressions suggest that the quality of entrants, measured with their residual wages achieved in the private sector prior to their departure, temporarily improved. A one per cent increase in the expected public sector pay increased the mean residual private-sector wage of those leaving for the public sector by more than half per cent. This selection effect was significantly stronger in the case of young workers. However, the decline of inward mobility substantially reduced the potentially benign impact of positive selection on the total workforce of the public sector. -- public sector ; wages ; mobility

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243578
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/108494
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labour market ; 2013/8
    Schlagworte: Vergütungssystem im öffentlichen Dienst; Arbeitsmobilität; Privatwirtschaft; Öffentlicher Dienst; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (37 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  3. Foglalkoztatás jogi szabályozása a közszférában
    a jogi szabályozás két neuralgikus pontja: az állásbiztonság és a kollektív alku
    Autor*in: Nacsa, Beáta
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The legal relationship between civil servants and the state, is not governed by the theory of sovereignty, which is relevant in the outer relationships between the state and its citizens, though it has some, limited effect on the inner relationships... mehr

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    The legal relationship between civil servants and the state, is not governed by the theory of sovereignty, which is relevant in the outer relationships between the state and its citizens, though it has some, limited effect on the inner relationships between the civil servant and the state organ, as well. The inner relationship falls into the category of "dependent work" and therefore civil servants must enjoy the employment rights generally applicable to employees with some alterations. Among such rights, two are investigated more closely in the paper: protection against unjust dismissal and collective rights of workers (right to organise, right to bargain collectively, and right to strike). In 2010 the Hungarian state modified its regulations on civil servants and introduced dismissal without notice referring to the argument that the parties of the legal relationship must be treated equally and because the civil servant can resign from its position without notice, the same right should be enjoyed by the state, as well. The Hungarian Constitutional Court and European Court of Justice nullified this law because of violating the right to work, the right to human dignity, and the right to hold public positions. The regulations on collective rights of civil servants have been systematically violated by the Hungarian legislator since 1992, when the first regulation on civil servants passed. Until 2011 the right to organise has been enjoyed without disturbance by civil servants but since than the state has organise the Bar of Hungarian Civil Servants into which all civil servants are obliged to enter. Because the Bar has rights which are usually considered to be union rights, therefore the Bar is a competitor of the civil servants' unions; consequently the regulations on the Bar violate the right to organise. The right to bargain collectively has never been enjoyed by unions of civil servants since 1992, despite such right is generally applied in developed countries app. since 1960-1970s and is also accepted by the international conventions on social and economic rights. The right to strike is also restricted by the Agreement on Right to Strike in Civil Service (1994) which prohibits the rights to strike far beyond the limits established by the Fundamental Law and the Act on Right to Strike (Act No. VII of 1989). Alternative methods of collective dispute settlement (mediation, arbitration) are also neglected by the Hungarian legal regime. -- public sector labor markets ; dispute resolution: strikes, arbitration, and mediation ; collective bargaining ; workers' rights

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243585
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/108491
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labour market ; 2013/9
    Schlagworte: Dienstrecht; Beschäftigungssicherung; Tarifverhandlungen; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (43 S.)
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  4. A munkaerő-piaci előrejelzések nemzetközi gyakorlata
    áttekintés a kvantitatív módszerekről és felhasználásukról 12 ország és az Európai Unió előrejelzési tapasztalatai alapján
    Autor*in: Gács, János; Bíró, Anikó
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The study presents a comprehensive overview of labour market forecasting activities, mostly quantitative, based on multi-sector models, in 12 countries and the European Union. The principal aim of this effort is to provide ideas, lessons and... mehr

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    The study presents a comprehensive overview of labour market forecasting activities, mostly quantitative, based on multi-sector models, in 12 countries and the European Union. The principal aim of this effort is to provide ideas, lessons and benchmarks for similar forecasting exercises in Hungary. After outlining the basic model of quantitative labour market forecasting the paper identifies the technical conditions of model building and model quantification, as well as the characteristic features of organising the forecasting work. This analysis is based on cross-country comparative analysis and on the presentation of examples from the individual countries. In the following section the authors address the paths of improvement in the traditional forecasting model. Here the possibilities of substitution in terms of occupations and qualifications are discussed, and the difficulties of including the generic skills as a new variable in the forecasts. A section is devoted to the analytical tools that can be used after the forecasts are ready, such as the shift-share analysis and the IFLM-indicator that compares forecasted demand and supply in individual occupations or qualification categories. The discussion of estimated future labour market imbalances and the measured accuracy of the forecasts leads the authors to a fundamental issue of labour market forecasts, i.e. whether the results of the calculations can be considered forecasts proper for future developments, or they should be seen simply as well-informed, systematic projections? The second part of the study provides a detailed presentation of forecasting practices in the individual countries. -- labour force requirement ; labour supply ; multi-sector models ; forecasting

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243639
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/108487
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labour market ; 2013/10
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarktprognose; Prognoseverfahren; Mehrsektoren-Modell; EU-Staaten; USA; Australien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (163 S.), Ill., graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  5. A japán vállalatirányítás (corporate governance) átalakulása
    Autor*in: Ozsvald, Éva
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The pressures to accommodate to the global standards of corporate governance (CG) for Japanese public companies had grown strong since the mid-1990s. A series of legal reforms has led to the formal imitation of the market oriented Anglo-American... mehr

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    The pressures to accommodate to the global standards of corporate governance (CG) for Japanese public companies had grown strong since the mid-1990s. A series of legal reforms has led to the formal imitation of the market oriented Anglo-American model which, however, was not accompanied by the functional convergence of the CG practices of the Japanese companies. Deeply rooted social norms, insider business culture and industry specific conditions had a strong effect on the course of CG reforms in Japan. A hybrid model of corporate governance has been emerging in which companies selectively combine the features of the traditional stakeholder based approach with those of the shareholder oriented system. -- Japan ; corporate governance ; shareholder value

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243592
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    hdl: 10419/108297
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2013/7
    Schlagworte: Corporate Governance; Shareholder Value; Japan
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (24 S.)
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  6. Kettős állami szerep a kockázatitőke-ágazatban
    Autor*in: Karsai, Judit
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    A double nature characterizes the behavior of the government in the venture capital market: a fear of systemic risk and the desire to stimulate companies with growth potential. It seems that the fear might be a bit excessive, disproportionately... mehr

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    A double nature characterizes the behavior of the government in the venture capital market: a fear of systemic risk and the desire to stimulate companies with growth potential. It seems that the fear might be a bit excessive, disproportionately restricting the effects of venture capital in the long-term development of enterprises. On the other hand, the government has considerably modernized its involvement as an investor in the venture capital market, better adapting its tools to the very nature of venture capital. Notwithstanding, the balance of these two effects can be drawn just over a long time. The article first overviews the effects of the crisis on the venture capital market, especially on the investable sources. This is followed by the description of the changing regulatory role of the government after the crisis, focusing on new regulations regarding the venture capital market: restrictions on the investment activity of institutional investors as well as new requirements for the operation of venture capital fund managers. The article ends with the description of the new trends of government as an investor in the venture capital market, including the varying successes of its domestic practice in Hungary compared with international experience. -- venture capital ; private equity ; public venture capital ; fund management ; institutional investors ; investment regulation

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243608
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    hdl: 10419/108302
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2013/8
    Schlagworte: Risikokapital; Private Equity; Institutioneller Investor; Gemischtwirtschaftliches Unternehmen; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (22 S.)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  7. A közalkalmazotti béremelés hatása a tanárok pályaelhagyási döntésére
    Autor*in: Varga, Júlia
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The paper investigates teachers' decisions to leave the profession. First we examine the role of earnings and earnings in alternative occupations in these decisions, and then the paper discusses how the public sector wage increase in 2002 has... mehr

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    The paper investigates teachers' decisions to leave the profession. First we examine the role of earnings and earnings in alternative occupations in these decisions, and then the paper discusses how the public sector wage increase in 2002 has effected exiting decisions of teachers. Using large merged administrative data-sets duration models were estimated. First binary choice Cox proportional hazard models (leaving teaching profession or not), then competing risk models which distinguish exits to another occupation and exits to no-working state. Results show, that earnings matter. Higher wages reduce the probability of exiting teacher profession to go to another occupation or to non-employment. The public sector wage increase has decreased the probability of leaving the teacher profession for inexperienced teachers temporarily, but one or two years after the effect disappeared. For experienced teachers who are older than 51 year-olds the wage increase found to reduce attrition. -- teacher salaries ; teacher attrition ; human capital

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243530
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    hdl: 10419/108496
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labour market ; 2013/4
    Schlagworte: Vergütungssystem im öffentlichen Dienst; Lehrkräfte; Berufswechsel; Präferenztheorie; Statistische Bestandsanalyse; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (28, [3] S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  8. A közszférából történő munkaerő-kiáramlás elemzése Magyarországon
    Autor*in: Elek, Petér S.; Szabó, Péter András
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    Based on the microbased panel datasets of the Labour Force Survey between 1998 and 2010 and the administrative Pension Fund data between 2000 and 2006 we analyse the number, composition and subsequent labour market behaviour of former public sector... mehr

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    Based on the microbased panel datasets of the Labour Force Survey between 1998 and 2010 and the administrative Pension Fund data between 2000 and 2006 we analyse the number, composition and subsequent labour market behaviour of former public sector employees in Hungary. We show that the greater stability of the public sector stems from the fact that the transition probabilities from it to unemployment and to other economic branches / occupations are both about half of the corresponding probabilities from the public sector. Meanwhile, the exit probabilities to inactivity do not differ substantially between the two sectors. By analysing the reemployment probabilities of the laid-off workers with Jenkins' discrete time hazard model we find that those who lost their jobs in the public sector find a new job with a 5-25 percent smaller intensity - i.e. by 5-25 percent more slowly - than their private sector counterparts. However, this difference disappears among the higher educated. Finally, after controlling for education, those who leave the public sector for the private sector do not become overeducated in their new job with a significantly higher probability than similar workers switching jobs within the private sector. -- labour market of the public sector ; labour market transition probabilities ; unemployment duration ; Jenkins discrete time hazard model

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243547
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    hdl: 10419/108488
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labour market ; 2013/5
    Schlagworte: Öffentlicher Dienst; Arbeitsmobilität; Arbeitslosigkeit; Qualitative Methode; Statistische Bestandsanalyse; Panel; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (32 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  9. Munkahely a közszférában
    biztonság és hivatás, a szubjektív szempontok szerepe
    Autor*in: Molnár, György; Kapitány, Zsuzsa
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    Sorting into public sector jobs may be motivated not only by the available income but also by other aspects, such as stronger demand for security or for social usefulness. The demand for larger job security - beside other factors - can be the... mehr

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    Sorting into public sector jobs may be motivated not only by the available income but also by other aspects, such as stronger demand for security or for social usefulness. The demand for larger job security - beside other factors - can be the consequence of family circumstances. We have identified several family conditions which increase the probability of sorting into the public sector: the case of single parents; long-term illness, which doesn't make it impossible to work; having a chronically ill child or pair; in case of women having a husband who previously experienced unemployment. In these cases the usual approach of risk-aversion in the literature is not really correct, optimizing family strategies would be much more accurate. In our paper we used volunteering as the proxy for direct social commitment. We show that this motive is important in case of employees working in human services (education, health and social care, culture, etc.); however it is absolutely missing in the public/government administration. The demand for redistribution can be another approach of social responsibility, connected to it through the aversion towards inequalities. The relatively higher demand for redistribution is characteristic only for employees working in the health and social care. We didn't restrict our analysis of volunteering and demand for redistribution to the sphere of employees, we tried to identify the main explanatory factors also for the whole population. Higher age, higher education, higher number of children (up to three), and the smaller settlement size increase the probability of volunteering. Higher income, higher education, higher number of children and the larger settlement size decrease the demand for redistribution, which - in average - is very high in Hungary. -- public sector employment ; public-private wage differentials ; job security ; volunteering ; demand for redistribution ; subjective well-being

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243554
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    hdl: 10419/108489
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labour market ; 2013/6
    Schlagworte: Öffentlicher Dienst; Lohnstruktur; Beschäftigungssicherung; Ehrenamtliche Arbeit; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (41 S.)
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  10. A közszféra és a vállalatok közötti bérátterjedések Magyarországon
    Autor*in: Telegdy, Álmos
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    I identify wage spillovers from the public to the corporate sector with the help of a large public sector wage increase, which raised public sector wages by 40 percent in two years time, changing the average public relative wage from a fallback of... mehr

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    I identify wage spillovers from the public to the corporate sector with the help of a large public sector wage increase, which raised public sector wages by 40 percent in two years time, changing the average public relative wage from a fallback of 10.5 percent to a 12.5 percent premium. The spillover effect is identified with along the variation of the share of public sector employment along gender, experience and occupation. The analysis shows that 10 percent higher share of public sector workers within worker-type increases corporate wages by 1.5 percent. The spillover effect is positively correlated with the public wage premium, with low corporate wages, with occupations which are abundant in the public sector, and services. It is also larger in labor market cells where there is a large number of vacancies in the public sector as well as for corporate workers hired after the wage increase. -- public sector ; wage spillower ; Hungary

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243561
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    hdl: 10419/108493
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labour market ; 2013/7
    Schlagworte: Vergütungssystem im öffentlichen Dienst; Spillover-Effekt; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (33 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  11. A személyi jövedelemadó-reform hatása a tb-nyugdíjakra
    Autor*in: Cseres-Gergely, Zsombor; Simonovits, András
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The Hungarian Personal Income Tax system is being transformed between 209 and 2013. Tax brackets and the previously existing tax credit is being abolished and this changes the net/gross income ratios in all income categories. This does not only lead... mehr

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    The Hungarian Personal Income Tax system is being transformed between 209 and 2013. Tax brackets and the previously existing tax credit is being abolished and this changes the net/gross income ratios in all income categories. This does not only lead to a significant loss in government's income, but also changes redistribution within the society. However, reallocation of net income is not the only change. At present, pension contributions are proportional to gross earnings, while pension benefits are proportional to net earnings. If this situation does not change, a substantial deficit in the pension fund occurs. This paper describes the size of this deficit and its distribution within the society. -- pension ; tax system ; taxation

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024733
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    hdl: 10419/108468
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labor market ; 2011,7
    Schlagworte: Steuersystem; Einkommensteuer; Altersvorsorge; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 17 S., 426,35 KB)
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  12. Utolérési kísérletek Magyarországon, 1870 - 2030
    Autor*in: Mihályi, Péter
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    -- catching up ; real convergence ; Red Queen Paradox ; Jánossy's growth theory ; long-term growth ; productivity mehr

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    -- catching up ; real convergence ; Red Queen Paradox ; Jánossy's growth theory ; long-term growth ; productivity

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024313
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    hdl: 10419/108205
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/1
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz; Wirtschaftswachstum; Wachstumstheorie; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 84 S., 1,57 MB), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in ungar. und engl. Sprache
  13. Az oktatási elszámoltathatósági rendszerek elmélete
    Autor*in: Horn, Dániel
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    Educational accountability is a timely topic in Hungary, because the law of LXXI/2006 has practically introduced educational accountability. School report cards have been published for the third time in 2011 for each school with a 6th, 8th or 10th... mehr

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    Educational accountability is a timely topic in Hungary, because the law of LXXI/2006 has practically introduced educational accountability. School report cards have been published for the third time in 2011 for each school with a 6th, 8th or 10th grade. These report cards publicize information about the students' mathematical and reading literacy skills, as well as statistics about the school and about the parents. This paper summarizes the most important theoretical and empirical literature about school accountability, using American and English studies. Although this paper is a pure summary with no intention to analyze the Hungarian system, it contains several conclusions that could be of the the Hungarian policy makers' interest. -- education ; accountability ; incentives

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024443
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    hdl: 10419/108210
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/13
    Schlagworte: Bildungsniveau; Ungarn
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  14. A tanári jellemzők hatása a tanulói teljesítményre
    Európai eredmények a TIMSS adatok alapján
    Autor*in: Hermann, Zoltán
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The paper investigates the effect of teacher characteristics (experience, level of education attainment and credentials, gender) on the achievement of eighth grade students using matched student-teacher data from the 1999, 2003 and 2007 TIMSS... mehr

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    The paper investigates the effect of teacher characteristics (experience, level of education attainment and credentials, gender) on the achievement of eighth grade students using matched student-teacher data from the 1999, 2003 and 2007 TIMSS surveys. The analysis covers European countries, thus contributing to the existing exclusively US-based literature. Non-random student-teacher matching is present in these countries, as well, similar to the US, and this can lead to biased estimates of teacher effects. We deal with this problem using a rich set of student level controls on the one hand, and applying a student fixed effect specification on the other. The results overall suggest that the lack of experience and a proper teacher education degree might drive down student achievement. However, there is a substantial heterogeneity among countries; teacher characteristics seem to matter only in less than half of the countries analysed. Even within this group the results are not robust in some cases, as the fixed-effect estimates are often non-significant. Nevertheless, where these are present, the teacher experience and credential effects are similar in magnitude to those in the US studies reporting strong effects. For Hungary the impact of teacher characteristics is ambiguous; significant only in some specifications. -- teacher experience ; teacher credentials ; student achievement ; TIMSS

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024818
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    hdl: 10419/108229
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/40
    Schlagworte: Lehrkräfte; Qualifikation; Wirkungsanalyse; Studierende; Bildungsniveau; EU-Staaten
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  15. A tandíj közgazdaságtana
    Szakirodalmi áttekintés
    Autor*in: Semjén, András
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    -- higher education ; cost-sharing ; tuition ; financial aid to students ; human capital ; access ; price-sensitivity mehr

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    -- higher education ; cost-sharing ; tuition ; financial aid to students ; human capital ; access ; price-sensitivity

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024825
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    hdl: 10419/108230
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/41
    Schlagworte: Studienfinanzierung; Selbstbeteiligung
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    Zsfassung in engl. und ungar. Sprache
  16. Magyar gazellák
    gyors növekedésű vállalatok jellemzői és kialakulásuk elemzése Magyarországon
    Autor*in: Békés, Gábor; Muraközy, Balázs
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    This study analyses properties of fast growing small and medium sized firms, known as gazelles. Using balance sheet information for the 2000-2008 period, we show that a small fraction of companies is responsible for a large share of new jobs created... mehr

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    This study analyses properties of fast growing small and medium sized firms, known as gazelles. Using balance sheet information for the 2000-2008 period, we show that a small fraction of companies is responsible for a large share of new jobs created in the business sector. For instance, the top 5% of fastest growing firms created 45.8% of new jobs, and 20% of new employment was generated by a mere 1% of firms. Importantly for policy, we show that the likelihood of becoming a gazelle is virtually the same in all industries and geographic regions. Using both probit regression and propensity score matching models, we show that younger firms with better financing background, more skilled labor force and better past growth performance are more likely to be gazelles. However, our model also shows that fast firm growth is highly idiosyncratic, and government or banks can not precisely predict which firm will actually turn into a gazelle. -- SME ; firm growth ; job creates

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024788
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    hdl: 10419/108470
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labor market ; 2011,9
    Schlagworte: Unternehmenswachstum; KMU; Zweiter Arbeitsmarkt; Probit-Modell; Matching; Ungarn
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  17. A munkakereslet nemzetközi tendenciái
    Autor*in: Horn, Dániel
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Labour Research Department, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The goal of this study is to find the model that best describes the trends in labor demand using international industry level longitudinal data. Our starting point is Kézdi et al. (2006), who uses a fixed-effect model to project labor demand. We take... mehr

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    The goal of this study is to find the model that best describes the trends in labor demand using international industry level longitudinal data. Our starting point is Kézdi et al. (2006), who uses a fixed-effect model to project labor demand. We take their model and compare it with several other specifications to test forecasting fit. The main conclusions of this study are that different functional forms are better for different industries, but the linear specification fares just fine in all industries. Moreover, fixed-effect models are not better than the simple models with level effects, but results of this latter are easier to interpret. Quasi-autoregressive models do not improve forecasting fit as much as expected. -- labor-demand ; forecasting ; industry level panel

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024467
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    hdl: 10419/108461
    Schriftenreihe: Budapest working papers on the labor market ; 2011,1
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftswachstum; Arbeitsnachfrage; Prognose
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 58 S., 906,13 KB)
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    Zsfassung in ungar. und engl. Sprache
  18. Árukapcsolás és csomagban történő értékesítés
    jogesetek és közgazdasági elmélet
    Autor*in: Valentiny, Pál
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    Economists and lawyers are badly divided on issues concerning tying and bundling. Permissivie and prohibitive attitudes are changing radically in the literature and in the legal practice. After a short discurse on the notions, we introduce the basic... mehr

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    Economists and lawyers are badly divided on issues concerning tying and bundling. Permissivie and prohibitive attitudes are changing radically in the literature and in the legal practice. After a short discurse on the notions, we introduce the basic ideas, theories and debates according to schools in economics and market structures. Based on relevant cases of the US and EU we finally summarize the changes in economic theory and their impact on the rule of reason in these cases. -- tying ; bundling ; antitrust ; competition policy ; economic theory ; cases

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024573
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    hdl: 10419/108245
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/21
    Schlagworte: Leistungsbündel; Wirtschaftstheorie
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 32 S., 248,33 KB), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  19. Termelői szervezetek zöldség-gyümölcs kisárutermelőket integráló szerepe a nagy kereskedelmi láncoknak történő értékesítésben
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The majority of the small-scale fruit and vegetable producers due to their small sizes are not able to meet the requirements of the large commercial chains by themselves. Only the cooperation could bring an effective solution. The POs are able to... mehr

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    The majority of the small-scale fruit and vegetable producers due to their small sizes are not able to meet the requirements of the large commercial chains by themselves. Only the cooperation could bring an effective solution. The POs are able to concentrate the scatteredsmall-scale commercial production and to supply as well as to homogenise all these. Furthermore, they are capable to provide activities, which a small-scale producer would not be able to undertake by itself. POs are the organisations which can become successful suppliers and due to their strong bargaining power also partners of the large commercial chains. The great number of small-scale producers can primarily become suppliers if they join these organisations. The POs are not yet frequent in the Hungarian fruit and vegetable sector; therefore, they do not play such a role in supplying to the large commercial chains as in the other Member States of the European Union. This is the fundamental reason of the difficulties encountered by the small-scale producers in supplying. The main reason of the difficulties between the successful Member States and Hungary is the significant share of the grey economy. On the one hand, it does not encourage the small-scale producers and on the other hand, it withdraws a large volume of goods from the legal sales channels through the POs. -- commerce ; concentration ; large commercial chains ; fruit and vegetable Producer Organisations

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024580
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    hdl: 10419/108246
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/22
    Schlagworte: Gemüsebau; Obstbau; Landwirtschaftliche Betriebsform; KMU; Unternehmenskonzentration; Handelskette; Ungarn
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: [80] S., 915,32 KB), graph. Darst., Kt.
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  20. Benzinárak földrajzi meghatározása
    Autor*in: Békés, Gábor; Koren, Miklós; Zsohár, Péter
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    The theory of geographical markets is based on the notion that economic activity is not evenly spread and regional inequalities have an impact on the decisions of economic agents. Retail gasoline markets are almost perfect examples of geographical... mehr

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    The theory of geographical markets is based on the notion that economic activity is not evenly spread and regional inequalities have an impact on the decisions of economic agents. Retail gasoline markets are almost perfect examples of geographical markets. The gasoline sold by the stations is a fairly homogeneous good and hence, stations compete for customers locally only. In this study we analyze how market structure, geographical attributes and in particular, demand will influence prices. Our work is a natural follow-up to the study of Csorba et al. (2009) who showed that Hungarian retail gasoline prices are affected by conditions of market competition. Compared to the related literature there are two novelties in this study. First, the dataset allows us combining station specific and local attributes to explain prices. With some chains applying different strategies compared to smaller firms, this is an important complementary feature compared to the studies relying on purely region/local market specific attributes. Second, we extend the estimation of the demand side and partly use it as instruments. Local GDP and population density are two common proxies for demand. We extend the analysis from households to contain firms' and transit traffic demand. To estimate the elasticity of demand we use quantitative (population, number of firms and tourists) and income-effect (per capita income, ratio of big firms and foreign tourists) variables. This methodology enables us to instrument station density, used in classical price estimation models, (partly) with demand factors. We find that demand influences prices mainly through the number of stations. There is some local price variation across chains, and the composition of station has a small impact as well. It is an interesting result, which, along with highways and country borders, has an effect on price determination. -- geographical markets ; retail gasoline ; 2SLS estimation

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024672
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    hdl: 10419/108244
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/30
    Schlagworte: Benzinpreis; Tankstelle; Nachfrage; Marktstruktur; Schätzung
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  21. A magyar külkereskedő vállalatok
    Autor*in: Békés, Gábor; Halpern, László; Muraközy, Balázs
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    This paper presents the specificities of Hungarian foreign trading firms from different perspectives, like concentration, efficiency and sectoral structure. Hungarian trade is highly concentrated similarly to other countries. Trading firms are more... mehr

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    This paper presents the specificities of Hungarian foreign trading firms from different perspectives, like concentration, efficiency and sectoral structure. Hungarian trade is highly concentrated similarly to other countries. Trading firms are more efficient than their non-trading peers, exporting firms lead the ranking. The trading status is more important in the efficiency ranking than the domestic vs. foreign ownership. This has primary relevance to policies, as they should remove all the barriers what firms confront when entering foreign markets in order to enhance productivity. -- foreign trade ; total factor productivity ; firms in Hungary

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024870
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    hdl: 10419/108243
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/43
    Schlagworte: Außenhandel; Produktivität; Ungarn
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  22. A kockázati tőkeipar két évtizedes fejlődése Magyarországon
    Autor*in: Karsai, Judit
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    -- Venture Capital ; Private Equity ; Buyout, Merger & Acquisition ; Corporate Restructuring mehr

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    -- Venture Capital ; Private Equity ; Buyout, Merger & Acquisition ; Corporate Restructuring

     
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    ISBN: 9786155024757
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    hdl: 10419/108236
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2011/36
    Schlagworte: Risikokapital; Private Equity; Übernahme; Organisatorischer Wandel; Ungarn
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    Zsfassung in ungar. und engl. Sprache
  23. Szubjektív jóllét és anyagi helyzet
    a kvantilis regresszió és az általánosított ordered probit modell eredményeinek összehasonlítása a standardelemzési módszerekkel
    Autor*in: Hajdu, Tamás; Hajdu, Gábor
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    In this study we examine the association between subjective well-being and material welfare using the data of 3600 individuals from the TÁRKI Household Monitor for the year 2007. Most of the empirical papers on the effect of income on subjective... mehr

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    In this study we examine the association between subjective well-being and material welfare using the data of 3600 individuals from the TÁRKI Household Monitor for the year 2007. Most of the empirical papers on the effect of income on subjective well-being use either OLS regression or ordered probit model. We apply various methods to explore this relationship more deeply. Comparing the results of OLS regression with quantile regression, and the ordered probit model with a generalized ordered probit model we show that more flexible techniques provide a more complete picture of the income-satisfaction relationship. In the OLS regression income has a positive impact on satisfaction, but the quantile regression models show that this association is less strong at the upper end, and stronger at the lower end of the conditional distribution of well-being. The standard ordered probit model predicts a significant positive effect at the highest satisfaction category, whereas the generalized model finds that income does not affect the probability of this highest response. On the other hand the generalized ordered probit model predicts a more negative effect for the lower response categories of satisfaction than the standard ordered probit model. These results suggest that higher income reduces unhappiness, but one can be satisfied without high income as well. Our results draw attention to the importance of the choice of methods in satisfaction research.

     
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    ISBN: 9786155243851
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    hdl: 10419/108308
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2013/28
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  24. A fiziokraták "utazó nagykövete"
    Nicolas Baudeau (1730 - 1792)
    Autor*in: Csató, Katalin
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    Nicolas Baudeau (1730-1792) was a theologian, historian and "economist-philosopher" of the second half of the eighteenth century. His name appears in manuals as a popularizer of the ideas of Quesnay and as the founder of the first journal of... mehr

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    Nicolas Baudeau (1730-1792) was a theologian, historian and "economist-philosopher" of the second half of the eighteenth century. His name appears in manuals as a popularizer of the ideas of Quesnay and as the founder of the first journal of economics of the Physiocrats, but we are not familiar with his writings, although he was an original thinker and a very active practical man. His oeuvre encompasses a wide area of historical, legal, economic, social, political and moral issues, publishing and consulting activities, down to new technologies, technical solutions, especially new techniques to produce bread. Significant part of his work was the dialogue of opinions against: Condillac, Galiani, Graslin, Forbonnais, Necker, etc., the "anti-physiocrats" being his discussion partners. Throughout Europe he diffused and taught the doctrines of the Physiocrats. He was the travelling ambassador of their ideas. He deeply believed in their program: competition, free commerce, free enterprise, public education, social care, etc. to promote the country's (countries') prosperity and well-being. The goal of this paper is to present some quite neglected writings of Baudeau, especially his debate over a laissez-faire economy against those who argued for the care and responsibility of State. In the appendix see the Hungarian translation of "Explication du Tableau économique á M*** par M.l'abbé Baudeau.

     
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    Beteiligt: Baudeau, Nicolas (GefeierteR)
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    ISBN: 9786155243752
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    hdl: 10419/108292
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2013/19
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    Zsfassung in ungar. Sprache
  25. Miért elégedetlenek annyira a magyarok az életükkel? A szubjektív jóllétet befolyásoló tényezők mikroszintű összehasonlító elemzése magyar és osztrák adatokon
    Autor*in: Molnár, György; Kapitány, Zsuzsa
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

    According to international comparisons the Hungarians are extremely dissatisfied with their lives. Meanwhile Austria, with many cultural and historical similarities to Hungary, is in the forefront of the satisfaction lists. We have identified some of... mehr

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    According to international comparisons the Hungarians are extremely dissatisfied with their lives. Meanwhile Austria, with many cultural and historical similarities to Hungary, is in the forefront of the satisfaction lists. We have identified some of the important causes of Hungarian dissatisfaction and the possible ways of its improvement, estimating the effect of the factors influencing subjective well-being on Hungarian and Austrian household level data. The most important factor in diminishing satisfaction is bad health status, and the best way to increase it is education. However in Hungary, unlike Austria, neither vocational training, nor upper secondary education increase satisfaction, only tertiary education has such effect. Increasing the share of tertiary education enrolment could increase life satisfaction in Hungary. In contrast to the stereotypes, the satisfaction increasing effect of social connections is much stronger in Austria than in Hungary. This holds for the relationships and for the contacts with relatives and friends alike. In Hungary the intensity of satisfaction-increasing social relations is relatively low. Contacts with relatives and friends increase satisfaction more as factors improving the security of sustenance than in their intrinsic merits. Unemployment decreases satisfaction above income effect and this decrease spreads also to the family members. This is caused mainly by the insecurity of housing. In Austria the well-developed residential tenancy system prevents this effect. To build up such a system in Hungary could improve life satisfaction. Specifying previous findings of other authors we came to the conclusion that the higher satisfaction level of entrepreneurs is the result of hidden income.

     
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    ISBN: 9786155447082
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; 2013/47
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