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  1. Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation
    a field experiment
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Faculty of Economics and Business Administration ; 974 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
  2. Work hard or play hard?
    degree class, student leadership and employment opportunities
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Faculty of Economics and Business Administration ; 975 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Smartphone use and academic performance
    correlation or causal relationship?
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Faculty of Economics and Business Administration ; 976 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  4. Smartphone use and academic performance: a literature review
    Erschienen: October 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We present the first systematic review of the scientific literature on smartphone use and academic success. We synthesise the theoretical mechanisms, empirical approaches, and empirical findings described in the multidisciplinary literature to date.... mehr

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    We present the first systematic review of the scientific literature on smartphone use and academic success. We synthesise the theoretical mechanisms, empirical approaches, and empirical findings described in the multidisciplinary literature to date. Our analysis of the literature reveals a predominance of empirical results supporting a negative association between students' frequency of smartphone use and their academic success. However, the strength of this association is heterogeneous by (a) the method of data gathering, (b) the measures of academic performance used in the analysis, and (c) the measures of smartphone use adopted. The main limitation identified in the literature is that the reported associations cannot be given a causal interpretation. Based on the reviewed findings and limitations, directions for further research are discussed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/215119
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12723
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  5. The impact of internship experience during secondary education on schooling and labour market outcomes
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Faculty of Economics and Business Administration ; 980 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The impact of internship experience during secondary education on schooling and labour market outcomes
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The literature on workplace learning in secondary education has mainly focussed on vocational education programmes. In this study, we examine the impact of internship experience in secondary education on a student's schooling and early labour market... mehr

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    The literature on workplace learning in secondary education has mainly focussed on vocational education programmes. In this study, we examine the impact of internship experience in secondary education on a student's schooling and early labour market outcomes, by analysing unique, longitudinal data from Belgium. To control for unobserved heterogeneity, we model sequential outcomes by means of a dynamic discrete choice model. In line with the literature on vocational education programmes, we find that internship experience has a positive effect on labour market outcomes that diminishes over time, although within the time window of our study, we find no evidence for a null or negative effect over time.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215174
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12778
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Job prestige and mobile dating success
    a field experiment
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the effect of school traffic pollution on student outcomes by leveraging variation in wind patterns for schools the same distance from major highways. We compare within-student achievement for students transitioning between schools near... mehr

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    We examine the effect of school traffic pollution on student outcomes by leveraging variation in wind patterns for schools the same distance from major highways. We compare within-student achievement for students transitioning between schools near highways, where one school has had greater levels of pollution because it is downwind of a highway. Students who move from an elementary/middle school that feeds into a "downwind" middle/high school in the same zip code experience decreases in test scores, more behavioral incidents, and more absences, relative to when they transition to an upwind school. Even within zip codes, microclimates can contribute to inequality.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215142
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12746
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Smartphone use and academic performance
    first evidence from longitudinal data
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    To study the causal impact of smartphone use on academic performance, we collected - for the first time worldwide - longitudinal data on students' smartphone use and educational performance. For three consecutive years we surveyed all students... mehr

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    To study the causal impact of smartphone use on academic performance, we collected - for the first time worldwide - longitudinal data on students' smartphone use and educational performance. For three consecutive years we surveyed all students attending classes in eleven different study programmes at two Belgian universities on general smartphone use and other drivers of academic achievement. These survey data were merged with the exam scores of these students. We analysed the resulting data by means of panel data random effects estimation controlling for unobserved individual characteristics. A one standard deviation increase in overall smartphone use results in a decrease of 0.349 points (out of 20) and a decrease of 2.616 percentage points in the fraction of exams passed.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215258
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12862
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  9. Does loneliness lurk in temp work?
    exploring the associations between temporary employment, loneliness at work and job satisfaction
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This research contributes to the limited literature concerning the determinants of loneliness at work, as well as to the literature on psychological outcomes associated with temporary work. More specifically, we are adding to the literature by... mehr

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    This research contributes to the limited literature concerning the determinants of loneliness at work, as well as to the literature on psychological outcomes associated with temporary work. More specifically, we are adding to the literature by exploring whether there is an association between working temporarily and loneliness at work and whether loneliness at work partly explains the association between working temporarily and job satisfaction. To this end, we analyse - by means of a mediation model - a unique sample of Flemish employees in the private sector. We find that employees with a temporary contract experience more loneliness at work as opposed to employees with a permanent contract. In addition, we discover that loneliness at work mediates the association between working temporarily and job satisfaction.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215261
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12865
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Smartphone use and academic performance
    correlation or causal relationship?
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    After a decade of correlational research, this study attempts to measure the causal impact of (general) smartphone use on educational performance. To this end, we merge survey data on general smartphone use, exogenous predictors of this use, and... mehr

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    After a decade of correlational research, this study attempts to measure the causal impact of (general) smartphone use on educational performance. To this end, we merge survey data on general smartphone use, exogenous predictors of this use, and other drivers of academic success with the exam scores of first-year students at two Belgian universities. The resulting data are analysed with instrumental variable estimation techniques. A one-standard-deviation increase in daily smartphone use yields a decrease in average exam scores of about one point (out of 20). When relying on ordinary least squares estimations, the magnitude of this effect is substantially underestimated. The negative association between smartphone use and exam results is more outspoken for students (i) with highly educated fathers, (ii) with divorced parents and (iii) who are in good health. Policy-makers should at least invest in information and awareness campaigns of teachers and parents to highlight this trade-off between smartphone use and academic performance.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/202026
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 384
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  11. Labour market outcomes for cancer survivors: a review of the reviews
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Objectives: To synthesise the existing reviews conducted on the labour market outcomes of cancer survivors by focusing on (i) the convergences and divergences on the overall work-related outcomes, (ii) the moderating factors studied to date, and... mehr

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    Objectives: To synthesise the existing reviews conducted on the labour market outcomes of cancer survivors by focusing on (i) the convergences and divergences on the overall work-related outcomes, (ii) the moderating factors studied to date, and (iii) an identification of areas where more research is needed in the future. Methods: A systematic review of the existing reviews on labour market outcomes for cancer survivors was performed. Bibliographic search for eligible studies published before January 2019 involved the following three core concepts: (i) cancer survivors, (ii) work, and (iii) review. The quality of the included reviews was assessed based on the Johns Hopkins Hospital Evidence Level and Quality Guide. Following this, a narrative synthesis of the findings was completed. Results: In total, 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. The average return to work (RTW) rate varied between 54% and 66%. The self-reported work ability was consistently lower following cancer. This review also found strong converging evidence of self-reported discrimination after cancer. The effects on work performance showed several inconsistencies, possibly due to the use of different definitions of work performance. Most moderating factors for successful work outcomes showed converging evidence, except for age, marital status, cancer type, and country. We provide several possible explanations and linkages for these divergencies. Conclusions: Further investigation of causal relationships by (i) using matched control groups and by (ii) gathering longitudinal data, and the use of more standardised definitions of the outcome variables are the two main future research recommendations. Furthermore, no studies have succeeded in measuring the work outcomes objectively. We provide specific recommendations from an interdisciplinary context to solve this. Protocol registration: CRD42019139386.

     

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    hdl: 10419/215252
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12856
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Home advantage in European international soccer
    which dimension of distance matters?
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel

    The authors investigate whether the home advantage in soccer differs by various dimensions of distance between the (regions of the) home and away teams: geographical distance, climatic differences, cultural distance, and disparities in economic... mehr

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    The authors investigate whether the home advantage in soccer differs by various dimensions of distance between the (regions of the) home and away teams: geographical distance, climatic differences, cultural distance, and disparities in economic prosperity. To this end, they analyse 2,012 recent matches played in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. The authors find that when the home team plays at a higher altitude, they benefit substantially more from their home advantage. Every 100 meters of altitude difference is associated with an increase in expected probability to win the match, as the home team, by 1.1 percentage points.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/194871
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 2019, 19 (March 04, 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  13. Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation
    a field experiment
    Erschienen: February 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Internships during tertiary education have become substantially more common over the past decades in many industrialised countries. This study examines the impact of a voluntary intra-curricular internship experience during university studies on the... mehr

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    Internships during tertiary education have become substantially more common over the past decades in many industrialised countries. This study examines the impact of a voluntary intra-curricular internship experience during university studies on the probability of being invited to a job interview. To estimate a causal relationship, we conducted a randomised field experiment in which we sent 1,248 fictitious, but realistic, resumes to real job openings. We find that applicants with internship experience have, on average, a 12.6% higher probability of being invited to a job interview.

     

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    hdl: 10419/196681
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12183
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  14. What do student jobs on graduate CVs signal to employers?
    Erschienen: June 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Due to the prevalence and important consequences of student work, the topic has seen an increased interest in the literature. However, to date the focus has been solely on measuring the effect of student employment on later labour market outcomes,... mehr

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    Due to the prevalence and important consequences of student work, the topic has seen an increased interest in the literature. However, to date the focus has been solely on measuring the effect of student employment on later labour market outcomes, relying on signalling theory to explain the observed effects. In the current study, we go beyond measuring the effect of student work and we examine for the first time what exactly is being signalled by student employment. We do this by means of a vignette experiment in which we ask 242 human resource professionals to evaluate a set of five fictitious profiles. Whereas all types of student work signal a better work attitude, a larger social network, a greater sense of responsibility, an increased motivation, and more maturity, only student employment in line with a job candidate's field of study is a signal of increased human capital and increased trainability.

     

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    hdl: 10419/202777
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12431
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. What does a job candidate's age signal to employers?
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Research has shown that hiring discrimination is a barrier for older job candidates in many OECD countries. However, little research has delved into why older job candidates are discriminated against. Therefore, we have conducted an online scenario... mehr

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    Research has shown that hiring discrimination is a barrier for older job candidates in many OECD countries. However, little research has delved into why older job candidates are discriminated against. Therefore, we have conducted an online scenario experiment involving recruiters to empirically investigate 15 potential stigma related to older age drawn from a systematic review of the literature. We found that older age particularly signals to recruiters that the applicant has lower technological skill, flexibility, and trainability levels. Together, these perceptions explain about 41% of the effect of age on the probability of being invited to a job interview. In addition, we found that the negative association between age and invitation probability is smaller when recruiters work for firms with a higher percentage of older employees.

     

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    hdl: 10419/215245
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12849
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The impact of internship experience during secondary education on schooling and labour market outcomes
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The literature on workplace learning in secondary education has mainly focussed on vocational education programmes. In this study, we examine the impact of internship experience in secondary education on a student’s schooling and early labour market... mehr

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    The literature on workplace learning in secondary education has mainly focussed on vocational education programmes. In this study, we examine the impact of internship experience in secondary education on a student’s schooling and early labour market outcomes, by analysing unique, longitudinal data from Belgium. To control for unobserved heterogeneity, we model sequential outcomes by means of a dynamic discrete choice model. In line with the literature on vocational education programmes, we find that internship experience has a positive effect on labour market outcomes that diminishes over time, although within the time window of our study, we find no evidence for a null or negative effect over time.

     

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/206637
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 425
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Job prestige and mobile dating success
    a field experiment
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Research exploiting data on classic (offline) couple formation has confirmed predictions from evolutionary psychology in a sense that males attach more value to attractiveness and women attach more value to earnings potential. We examine whether... mehr

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    Research exploiting data on classic (offline) couple formation has confirmed predictions from evolutionary psychology in a sense that males attach more value to attractiveness and women attach more value to earnings potential. We examine whether these human partner preferences survive in a context of fewer search and social frictions. We do this by means of a field experiment on the mobile dating app Tinder, which takes a central place in contemporary couple formation. Thirty-two fictitious Tinder profiles that randomly differ in job status and job prestige are evaluated by 4,800 other, real users. We find that both males and females do not use job status or job prestige as a determinant of whom to show initial interest in on Tinder. However, we do see evidence that, after this initial phase, males less frequently begin a conversation with females when those females are unemployed but also then do not care about the particular job prestige of employed females.

     

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    hdl: 10419/206405
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 422
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Smartphone use and academic performance
    a literature review
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    We present the first systematic review of the scientific literature on smartphone use and academic success. We synthesise the theoretical mechanisms, empirical approaches, and empirical findings described in the multidisciplinary literature to date.... mehr

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    We present the first systematic review of the scientific literature on smartphone use and academic success. We synthesise the theoretical mechanisms, empirical approaches, and empirical findings described in the multidisciplinary literature to date. Our analysis of the literature reveals a predominance of empirical results supporting a negative association between students' frequency of smartphone use and their academic success. However, the strength of this association is heterogeneous by (a) the method of data gathering, (b) the measures of academic performance used in the analysis, and (c) the measures of smartphone use adopted. The main limitation identified in the literature is that the reported associations cannot be given a causal interpretation. Based on the reviewed findings and limitations, directions for further research are discussed.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/205224
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 416
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  19. What does a job candidate's age signal to employers?
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Research has shown that hiring discrimination is a barrier for older job candidates in many OECD countries. However, little research has delved into why older job candidates are discriminated against. Therefore, we have conducted an online scenario... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 565
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    Research has shown that hiring discrimination is a barrier for older job candidates in many OECD countries. However, little research has delved into why older job candidates are discriminated against. Therefore, we have conducted an online scenario experiment involving recruiters to empirically investigate 15 potential stigma related to older age drawn from a systematic review of the literature. We found that older age particularly signals to recruiters that the applicant has lower technological skill, flexibility, and trainability levels. Together, these perceptions explain about 41% of the effect of age on the probability of being invited to a job interview. In addition, we found that the negative association between age and invitation probability is smaller when recruiters work for firms with a higher percentage of older employees.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/209575
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 434
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Labour market outcomes for cancer survivors
    a review of the reviews
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Objectives: To synthesise the existing reviews conducted on the labour market outcomes of cancer survivors by focusing on (i) the convergences and divergences on the overall work-related outcomes, (ii) the moderating factors studied to date, and... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Objectives: To synthesise the existing reviews conducted on the labour market outcomes of cancer survivors by focusing on (i) the convergences and divergences on the overall work-related outcomes, (ii) the moderating factors studied to date, and (iii) an identification of areas where more research is needed in the future. Methods: A systematic review of the existing reviews on labour market outcomes for cancer survivors was performed. Bibliographic search for eligible studies published before January 2019 involved the following three core concepts: (i) cancer survivors, (ii) work, and (iii) review. The quality of the included reviews was assessed based on the Johns Hopkins Hospital Evidence Level and Quality Guide. Following this, a narrative synthesis of the findings was completed. Results: In total, 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. The average return to work (RTW) rate varied between 54% and 66%. The self-reported work ability was consistently lower following cancer. This review also found strong converging evidence of self-reported discrimination after cancer. The effects on work performance showed several inconsistencies, possibly due to the use of different definitions of work performance. Most moderating factors for successful work outcomes showed converging evidence, except for age, marital status, cancer type, and country. We provide several possible explanations and linkages for these divergencies. Conclusions: Further investigation of causal relationships by (i) using matched control groups and by (ii) gathering longitudinal data, and the use of more standardised definitions of the outcome variables are the two main future research recommendations. Furthermore, no studies have succeeded in measuring the work outcomes objectively. We provide specific recommendations from an interdisciplinary context to solve this.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    hdl: 10419/209713
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 436
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Does loneliness lurk in temp work?
    exploring the associations between temporary employment, loneliness at work and job satisfaction
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This research contributes to the limited literature concerning the determinants of loneliness at work, as well as to the literature on psychological outcomes associated with temporary work. More specifically, we are adding to the literature by... mehr

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    This research contributes to the limited literature concerning the determinants of loneliness at work, as well as to the literature on psychological outcomes associated with temporary work. More specifically, we are adding to the literature by exploring whether there is an association between working temporarily and loneliness at work and whether loneliness at work partly explains the association between working temporarily and job satisfaction. To this end, we analyse - by means of a mediation model - a unique sample of Flemish employees in the private sector. We find that employees with a temporary contract experience more loneliness at work as opposed to employees with a permanent contract. In addition, we discover that loneliness at work mediates the association between working temporarily and job satisfaction.

     

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    hdl: 10419/209714
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 437
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Smartphone use and academic performance
    first evidence from longitudinal data
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    To study the causal impact of smartphone use on academic performance, we collected - for the first time worldwide - longitudinal data on students' smartphone use and educational performance. For three consecutive years we surveyed all students... mehr

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    To study the causal impact of smartphone use on academic performance, we collected - for the first time worldwide - longitudinal data on students' smartphone use and educational performance. For three consecutive years we surveyed all students attending classes in eleven different study programmes at two Belgian universities on general smartphone use and other drivers of academic achievement. These survey data were merged with the exam scores of these students. We analysed the resulting data by means of panel data random effects estimation controlling for unobserved individual characteristics. A one standard deviation increase in overall smartphone use results in a decrease of 0.349 points (out of 20) and a decrease of 2.616 percentage points in the fraction of exams passed.

     

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    hdl: 10419/209715
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 438
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  23. Job prestige and mobile dating success
    a field experiment
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Faculty of Economics and Business Administration ; 981 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Smartphone use and academic performance
    a literature review
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Faculty of Economics and Business Administration ; 982 (2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  25. What do student jobs on graduate CVs signal to employers?
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Due to the prevalence and important consequences of student work, the topic has seen an increased interest in the literature. However, to date the focus has been solely on measuring the effect of student employment on later labour market outcomes,... mehr

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    Due to the prevalence and important consequences of student work, the topic has seen an increased interest in the literature. However, to date the focus has been solely on measuring the effect of student employment on later labour market outcomes, relying on signalling theory to explain the observed effects. In the current study, we go beyond measuring the effect of student work and we examine for the first time what exactly is being signalled by student employment. We do this by means of a vignette experiment in which we ask 242 human resource professionals to evaluate a set of five fictitious profiles. Whereas all types of student work signal a better work attitude, a larger social network, a greater sense of responsibility, an increased motivation, and more maturity, only student employment in line with a job candidate’s field of study is a signal of increased human capital and increased trainability.

     

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    hdl: 10419/198035
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 356
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen