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  1. Do Casa Verde e Amarela ao Banco Nacional da Habilitação, passando pelo Minha Casa Minha Vida
    uma avaliação da velha nova política de desenvolvimento urbano
    Erschienen: Março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This discussion paper seeks to contribute to the Brazilian urban development debate by analyzing the recent legislation that institutes the Casa Verde Amarela social housing program (CVA). Created in 2020, CVA arose from a provisory executive order... mehr

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    This discussion paper seeks to contribute to the Brazilian urban development debate by analyzing the recent legislation that institutes the Casa Verde Amarela social housing program (CVA). Created in 2020, CVA arose from a provisory executive order (MP 996, of August 25) reformed on January 12, 2021, by federal law 14,118. This CVA analysis seeks to contribute to its operationalization in line with recognized rights and constitutional, legal, and binding principles present in international agreements to which Brazil is a signatory, particularly the 2030 Agenda (Sustainable Development Goals SDG) and the New Urban Agenda (NAU). This analysis focus on public policy management and its implementation, considering the structures of Brazilian urban development, both normative and political-social, and urbanistic. The evaluation carried out focuses on CVA management, seeking legal and operational instruments created even before the "program" formalization, in addition to regulations elaborated after and before. This prospective evaluation is necessary to present the CVA and its possible impacts on urban, public, and private managers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265270
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2751
    Schlagworte: housing programs; land regularization; public land ownership; urban development; urban dispossession
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Avaliação dos conflitos do compartilhamento de postes entre os setores de distribuição de energia e telecomunicações
    Erschienen: abril de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    This discussion paper seeks to contribute to the Brazilian urban development debate by analyzing the recent legislation that institutes the Casa Verde Amarela social housing program (CVA). Created in 2020, CVA arose from a provisory executive order... mehr

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    This discussion paper seeks to contribute to the Brazilian urban development debate by analyzing the recent legislation that institutes the Casa Verde Amarela social housing program (CVA). Created in 2020, CVA arose from a provisory executive order (MP 996, of August 25) reformed on January 12, 2021, by federal law 14,118. This CVA analysis seeks to contribute to its operationalization in line with recognized rights and constitutional, legal, and binding principles present in international agreements to which Brazil is a signatory, particularly the 2030 Agenda (Sustainable Development Goals SDG) and the New Urban Agenda (NAU). This analysis focus on public policy management and its implementation, considering the structures of Brazilian urban development, both normative and political-social, and urbanistic. The evaluation carried out focuses on CVA management, seeking legal and operational instruments created even before the "program" formalization, in addition to regulations elaborated after and before. This prospective evaluation is necessary to present the CVA and its possible impacts on urban, public, and private managers.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265271
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2752
    Schlagworte: housing programs; land regularization; public land ownership; urban development; urban dispossession
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável, Plano Nacional de Educação e professores do ensino básico brasileiro
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    Ensuring career enhancement and good working conditions for schoolteachers are vital to guarantee learning opportunities for all, as recons the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Brazilian's National Education Plan (PNE). The present study... mehr

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    Ensuring career enhancement and good working conditions for schoolteachers are vital to guarantee learning opportunities for all, as recons the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Brazilian's National Education Plan (PNE). The present study analyses indicators related to schoolteachers, including PNE and SDG 4 indicators, as well as those on the insertion in the labor market and the number of hours and schools taught in for the years of 2015 and 2019. The results highlight regional inequalities, and among the private and public schools. Despite the advances registered, efforts need to be redoubled to meet the goals agreed upon.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265272
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2753
    Schlagworte: school teachers; enhancement of teacher's careers; school teachers' working conditions; National Education Plan; Sustainable Development Goals
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  4. Aníbal Pinto, Schumpeter e Friedman em um coquetel
    uma proposta de sistema de capacitação e financiamento do aumento da produtividade das MPEs com pagamento quando e se o negócio prospera
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    We propose an integrated public-private system designed to improve the pre-finance capabilities of micro and small enterprises (MSE), thereafter assisting them with finance to foster their innovation and/or expansion plans. The idea is to regulate a... mehr

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    We propose an integrated public-private system designed to improve the pre-finance capabilities of micro and small enterprises (MSE), thereafter assisting them with finance to foster their innovation and/or expansion plans. The idea is to regulate a market standing on income-contingent financing, an important social innovation that has transformed student financing in Australia and England and has been increasingly discussed in the literature on public financing as an improvement over previous mechanisms for funding investment in several other areas besides education. Income-contingent financing implies that the side providing the funds receives back a proportion of the future income, revenue, or profits of the person or firm being funded, as repayment of a loan or as remuneration for an investment made. Given that the proposal presented in this paper focuses on firms, we will refer to the mechanism as revenue-contingent financing. To make such an arrangement viable in Brazil, a new tax is needed. The new tax is the way to involve the federal revenue system in the repayment collection, thus taking advantage of the economies of scale and scope involved in the State's power to tax in order to remove failures in the capital market. The removal of such market failures leads to social benefits greater than the private benefits eventually earned, justifying the introduction of a new tax to collect revenue-contingent repayments. The proposed arrangement reduces the risks of non-repayment, increasing the guarantees for those who provide finance. As repayments occur only if and when the firm's revenue is greater than a predetermined level, revenue-contingency also insures firms against negative shocks. In our proposed system, eligibility for financing is linked to a previous managerial training, at the end of which entrepreneurs shall submit a business plan, and this must be certified by an independent agency outside the institution where the managerial training took place. The certified business plan then works as a kind of "recommendation letter" to be taken to accredited financial institutions for the granting of either debt or equity revenue-contingent instruments. To some extent, this proposal combines three strands of economic thought that are quite distinct from each other: structuralism, the Schumpeterian approach, and liberalism. It relies, in particular, on elements risen by Aníbal Pinto, Joseph Schumpeter and Milton Friedman - that is the reason why these three thinkers are mentioned in the title of this paper.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265273
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2754
    Schlagworte: micro and small businesses; entrepreneurship; financing; credit instruments; public policy; contingent income loan; income share agreements
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. O perfil na produção da agricultura familiar entre os Censos Agropecuários de 2006 e 2017
    um panorama e sinais de mudanças
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

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    hdl: 10419/265274
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2755
    Schlagworte: Landwirtschaftlicher Familienbetrieb; Landnutzung; Pflanzenbau; Tierhaltung; Brasilien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Uso da água no Brasil
    o papel do efeito tecnológico
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Between 2013 and 2016, several regions in Brazil suffered from some event of scarcity, drought and/or the possibility of water rationing. However, the direct abstraction of Blue Water for consumptive use grew 6.38% in the period. In turn, technology... mehr

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    Between 2013 and 2016, several regions in Brazil suffered from some event of scarcity, drought and/or the possibility of water rationing. However, the direct abstraction of Blue Water for consumptive use grew 6.38% in the period. In turn, technology is considered an increasingly important factor for the sustainable use of natural resources. In this context, the objective of this article is to investigate the role of the technological effect on variations in the volume of water used in Brazil between 2013 and 2017. To meet this objective, environmentally extended input-output matrices and Structural Decomposition Analysis are used. Among the main results, it is highlighted that the technological effect has not contributed to counteract the pressure for the growth of water use in general. From this type of identification, the proposed method can generate useful information for public policies towards the sustainable use of water.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265275
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2756
    Schlagworte: technological effect; water; input-output
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Avalição de impacto da Lei de Informática utilizando os métodos Propensity Score Matching e diferenças em diferenças
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This article assesses the impact of the Informatics Law on the technological efforts of firms, measured by the hiring of personnel in technical-scientific occupations (PoTec). Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) combined with... mehr

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    This article assesses the impact of the Informatics Law on the technological efforts of firms, measured by the hiring of personnel in technical-scientific occupations (PoTec). Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) combined with differences-in-differences between 2006 and 2017, we cannot conclude that technological efforts beneficiary firms of the Informatics Law are significantly superior to the control group. Secondarily, the Information Technology Law had a positive effect on the market share of total wages within the beneficiary sector. These results are in line with other studies that apply counterfactual techniques, with negligible impacts on technological development and some impact on production, even though directed at assembly activities of lesser technological intensity.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265276
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2757
    Schlagworte: Informatics Law; RD&I; PoTec; propensity score matching; diff-in-diff
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Política de comercialização agrícola comparada
    Brasil, Estados Unidos e União Europeia
    Erschienen: Abril de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The text aimed to discuss and compare agricultural marketing policies in Brazil, the European Union and the United States, showing the changes that occurred, especially after the trade liberalization process in the 1990s. One of the main results... mehr

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    The text aimed to discuss and compare agricultural marketing policies in Brazil, the European Union and the United States, showing the changes that occurred, especially after the trade liberalization process in the 1990s. One of the main results found in the study was that Brazil provides little support to the agricultural sector, through the commercialization policy, vis-à-vis other countries and, therefore, has room for a more vigorous agricultural policy, with greater financial support to the sector. The important thing is the choice of appropriate instruments, given that budget resources are always a limiting factor. Another important point that the study highlights is that future trade agreements and changes in trade relations between participants will have strong impacts on agricultural markets and in its domestic policies to support the agricultural sector and, therefore, Brazil must be aware of the functioning of the policies of other countries.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265277
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2759
    Schlagworte: agricultural commercialization policy; commercial agreements in agricultural areas; international trade
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Proteção social entre os idosos brasileiros
    tendências e perspectivas pós-promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988
    Erschienen: Abril de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

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    hdl: 10419/265278
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2760
    Schlagworte: Soziale Sicherheit; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Ältere Menschen; Geschlecht; Brasilien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. A retomada do debate sobre Política Industrial: limitações e uma sugestão de tipologia normativa a partir do diálogo entre as correntes Neoschumpeteriana e Desenvolvimentista
    Erschienen: janeiro 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP, Campinas

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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP ; 424
    Schlagworte: Industrial policy; Development; Productive structure; Innovation; Industry 4.0
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Regras fiscais: o olhar internacional e a experiência brasileira
    Erschienen: fevereiro 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP, Campinas

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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP ; 426
    Schlagworte: Fiscal rules; Fiscal policy; Fiscal governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Tempo, duração, complexidade e incerteza
    Erschienen: fevereiro 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP, Campinas

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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP ; 427
    Schlagworte: Complexity; Chaos theory
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Individualismo metodológico reducionista e individualismo metodológico complexo: notas sobre o pensamento de Hayek
    Erschienen: março 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP, Campinas

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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP ; 429
    Schlagworte: Liberalism; Complexity; Methodological individualism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 8 Seiten)
  14. Conflito e coordenação federativa nos investimentos federais executados por municípios
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This Discussion Paper deals with the institutional and economic aspects of the Brazilian federative state according to the 1988 Constitution. The context of vertical coordination of urban infrastructure investments is then examined. Previous studies... mehr

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    This Discussion Paper deals with the institutional and economic aspects of the Brazilian federative state according to the 1988 Constitution. The context of vertical coordination of urban infrastructure investments is then examined. Previous studies have shown that the benefits of economic efficiency in this type of investment between 2013 and 2015 - made possible by the Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF) intermediation and administration of federal resources - depended much on local institutional aspects of the federative coordination. Based on new evidence, the text examines the state of local execution of federal investment projects in the period 2015-2019. For this analysis, data gathered by the Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) were used. The most recent performance of these projects is then evaluated vis-à-vis the performance of federal investments as a whole - and, particularly, vis-à-vis the performance of those projects listed in the (by now terminated) Programa de Aceleração Econômica (PAC). Thus, the consequences of an altered state of federative coordination on the economic efficiency of local investments are inferred. It is concluded that technical difficulties and budget restrictions due to an altered state of federative coordination strongly impacted (in a comprehensive and differentiated way) the performance of investments carried out with federal resources. Finally, it is recommended to regularize the financing of recoverable projects and to seek improvements in vertical coordination for the successful local execution of investments financed with federal resources.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261040
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2725
    Schlagworte: federalism; federative coordination; public investment; local governments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Competência versus incerteza: atitudes pessoais e percepção sobre gestão de riscos no âmbito da administração pública federal
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    Regardless of their scope and nature, Public policies, government programs, or strategies for the modernization of the State involve the performance of public officials as one of their fundamental variables. Their motivations, perceptions, and... mehr

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    Regardless of their scope and nature, Public policies, government programs, or strategies for the modernization of the State involve the performance of public officials as one of their fundamental variables. Their motivations, perceptions, and adherence to specific practices and objectives are decisive factors in understanding how policies are adopted and implemented. It is the same in considering state governance policies. This study focuses on attitudes regarding the process of implementing risk management in federal agencies. The survey was based on the application of a questionnaire to a group of public servants occupying leadership positions in direct and indirect federal public administration - Direction and Superior Advice of levels 4 and 5. In total, 148 completed questionnaires were obtained. The survey encompassed a considerable scope of perceptions about organizational life and attitudes concerning everyday factors involving public servants' personal and professional challenges, especially regarding the internal and external locus of control construct. In conclusion, the research shows different profiles or orientations regarding a more significant engagement in tasks related to implementing risk management.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261041
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2726
    Schlagworte: risk management; public bureaucracy; organizational psychology; internal locus of control; external locus of control
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Análise sobre o enterramento de infraestrutura de redes dos setores de distribuição de energia e telecomunicações
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This Discussion Paper analyzes the implementation of underground networks and their impacts on the energy and telecommunications sectors, through the main benefits, lessons learned regarding international benchmarking and an economic-financial... mehr

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    This Discussion Paper analyzes the implementation of underground networks and their impacts on the energy and telecommunications sectors, through the main benefits, lessons learned regarding international benchmarking and an economic-financial analysis. The implementation of underground distribution networks is a reality all over the world and although the sharing of this infrastructure brings mutual benefits to the sectors involved, in Brazil the penetration of this type of grid remains quite low, mainly due to the high investment required. Regarding to the power quality, underground networks improve the system reliability, presenting better values of continuity indicators in relation to those of aerial networks. This improvement causes an economic gain for the electricity companies, reducing the cost of undistributed energy and the compensation paid to consumers due to violations on these indicators limits. Therefore, the current work presents a methodology to quantify the increase in billing for electricity companies due to the implementation of underground networks and compare the economic viability of this type of network in relation to aerial networks. For this, a hypothetical case study in ten different regions in Brazil is conducted in order to show how economic viability varies from region to region. The results showed that for regions with a very high load density and high values of energy interruptions, underground networks are more economically viable than the aerial ones.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261042
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2727
    Schlagworte: underground networks; infrastructure sharing; power quality; reliability; undistributed energy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Da regra aos fatos
    condicionantes da aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar em municípios brasileiros
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Public policies of national scope in the context of Brazilian federalism contain a diversity of challenges for their implementation, given the complexity of the contexts in which they face and the territorial magnitude of their scope. The theme of... mehr

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    Public policies of national scope in the context of Brazilian federalism contain a diversity of challenges for their implementation, given the complexity of the contexts in which they face and the territorial magnitude of their scope. The theme of school feeding, structured around the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), present in all municipalities, is largely faced with these challenges. This study proposed to raise different administrative, political and institutional responses adopted, within the scope of the local application of federal resources transferred by the PNAE, to promote the purchase of food from family farming, pursuant to article 14 of Law No. 11,947/2009. For this purpose, four municipalities were chosen - Bonfinópolis de Minas and Brasilândia de Minas, in the state of Minas Gerais, and Ourém and Santa Izabel do Pará, in Pará - which, despite having similar geographic characteristics, record different performances in complying with this new rule. The cases analyzed express a set of methods aimed at understanding the dynamics surrounding the State in action, demonstrating concrete aspects of the challenges and potentials associated with the insertion of this public in institutional markets, while emphasizing possible factors for the potentialization of this instrument in Brazilian territory.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261043
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2728
    Schlagworte: school feeding; family farming; public administration; federalism; local development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. As agroindústrias rurais nos censos agropecuários de 2006 e 2017
    uma análise para o Brasil e as grandes regiões
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

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    hdl: 10419/261044
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2729
    Schlagworte: Landwirtschaft; Agroindustrie; Ländlicher Raum; Agrarproduktion; Brasilien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Avaliação do FCO estado de Goiás
    ensaio metodológico
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The Constitutional Funds were established by art. 159, item I, paragraph c of the Federal Constitution of 1988 with the objective of contributing to the "reduction of inequalities" existing between the peripheral regions of the North, Northeast and... mehr

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    The Constitutional Funds were established by art. 159, item I, paragraph c of the Federal Constitution of 1988 with the objective of contributing to the "reduction of inequalities" existing between the peripheral regions of the North, Northeast and Center-West vis-à-vis the central regions of the Southeast and South. In this sense, its role as a financier of productive investments in these peripheral regions has increased in recent decades. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to understand the profile of spatial associations in the cities of Goiás through some economic variables. Additionally, to verify how the variables FCO and GDP per capita behaved in certain regions with different profiles in the period from 2002 to 2018. Therefore, the argument woven in the work started from the premise that the productive structure of Goiás is marked, by its historical formation and economic, due to a structural heterogeneity that sets limits to the reach and depth that impulses from the modernization process can reach the productive systems of agricultural units and industrial sectors in the state of Goiás. quali-quantitative that aimed to unveil the regularities and uniformities of the phenomenon related to disbursements in the FCO in the productive structures of the immediate regions of Goiás in the period from 2002 to 2018. Finally, it is observed that, in nominal values, the directed resources of the FCO for the immediate regions in Goiás corroborate the evidence presented by the economic literature. what is about the FCO, that is, that they point to a concentration in those regional spaces with greater economic dynamism. On the other hand, when the behavior of these disbursements is observed, in terms of variations, it appears that, even marginally, FCO resources are stimulating changes in the productive structures of immediate regions that are still rooted in traditional and subsistence economies as is the case of Flores de Goiás.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261045
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2730
    Schlagworte: Constitutional Fund of the Midwest; structural heterogeneity; Goiás
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Inovação tecnológica e sustentabilidade da cadeia de produção
    um exercício para a água no Brasil
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    Technological innovation is considered an increasingly important factor for the sustainable use of natural resources. With technology, it may be possible to maintain the quantity produced of a given good by reducing pressure on the environment.... mehr

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    Technological innovation is considered an increasingly important factor for the sustainable use of natural resources. With technology, it may be possible to maintain the quantity produced of a given good by reducing pressure on the environment. However, the gain in efficiency in the direct use of natural resources does not necessarily mean a significant reduction in this pressure. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to be inserted in a sustainable production chain. That is, the efficiency gain must not only occur in the direct use of these resources, but also in the volume of natural resources needed to input used in this good production, the so-called indirect use. The objectives of this paper are to map the use of water along the supply chain in Brazil and to estimate the impacts of adopting less water-intensive technologies on total water intensity and water withdrawal. For this, the national input-output model was used for the year 2017. These impacts were estimated based on the hypothesis of the adoption of less water-intensive technologies by agriculture, industry and sanitation. Among the main results, it is highlighted that a considerable part of the total water intensity of economic activities refers to indirect intensity and the adoption of more efficient technologies in the use of water by some economic activities has the potential to reduce the total water intensity of other activities and to change the participation of different final consumers in the demand for embedded water in goods and services.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261046
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2731
    Schlagworte: technology; water; input-output model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Emendas parlamentares ao orçamento federal do SUS
    método para estimação dos repasses a cada município favorecido, segundo áreas de alocação dos recursos (2015-2020)
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The allocation of federal resources through parliamentary amendments (PA) to the Unified Health System (SUS) has been growing since the budget execution of these resources became mandatory, contributing to the reduction of the share of resources... mehr

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    The allocation of federal resources through parliamentary amendments (PA) to the Unified Health System (SUS) has been growing since the budget execution of these resources became mandatory, contributing to the reduction of the share of resources allocated to public health actions and services (ASPS) by the Ministry of Health (MS) programming. In addition, deficits in transparency in the budgetary-financial execution of these resources have made it difficult to account the expenses by areas of operation of the SUS. So, the objective of this text is to propose a method for estimating expenditure on public health actions and services (ASPS) through parliamentary amendments (PA) of the Ministry of Health (MoH), with each municipality favored, according to areas of resource allocation, from 2015 to 2020. It is a contribution to future studies on financing and public spending on health in Brazil. To this end, the methodological investigation was based on an exploratory analysis of the MoH budget-financial execution reports from 2015 to 2020. Three sources of information were used: i) Siga Brasil: information system on the Union budget, which is maintained by the Federal Senate; ii) an electronic spreadsheet provided by the National Health Fund (NHF), obtained from a request for access to information, containing data on execution by PA; and iii) the NHF Parliamentary Amendments Panel, which provides data on PA execution by the MoH on the internet. The procedures for identifying expenses by PA in Siga Brasil were detailed. The result of the report analysis of each these three sources was that, according to the criteria of accessibility, methodological clarity, coverage, and consistency, Siga Brasil is the most adequate source for obtaining information on expenses by PA of the MoH with each favored municipality. Procedures for estimating expenditure on primary and medium and high-complexity care for the period from 2015 to 2018 were proposed, obtaining, in the end, the expenditure by PA of the MoH with each municipality, according to these and other areas of resource allocation, for the entire period investigated (2015 to 2020). It is concluded that the proposed method is feasible and reproducible, but that problems in the registration of expenditures by the federal public administration affect the transparency and quality of information, especially for the years 2015 and 2016.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261047
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2732
    Schlagworte: health expenditures; budgets; health care rationing; federal government; Unified Health System
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Dinâmica da desigualdade salarial no Brasil e o papel de determinantes para além da qualificação dos trabalhadores
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The aim of this paper is to evaluate the evolution of wage inequality components in Brazil, specifically the evolution of the return to unobserved skills, in the period of 2003 to 2013. We use a method similar to that proposed by Cortes e... mehr

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    The aim of this paper is to evaluate the evolution of wage inequality components in Brazil, specifically the evolution of the return to unobserved skills, in the period of 2003 to 2013. We use a method similar to that proposed by Cortes e Hidalgo-Pérez (2015), based on a hypothesis of invariance of the dispersion of unobserved skills for a group of workers who remain employed between two consecutive years. We incorporated two rules into this method. First, we allowed the evolution of wage inequality to be affected by unobservable characteristics of firms. Second, it considers different sets of workers for whom the hypothesis of invariance of the dispersion of skills not observed between two consecutive years would apply. Our results obtained from Rais-Identified data show that the first extension affects the results, which are robust to the alternatives considered for the second extension of the method. The results of our preferred specification point to a growth in the return (price) to unobserved skills, much more intense than what occurs without considering the influence of unobservable characteristics of firms on workers’ wages.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261048
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2733
    Schlagworte: wage inequality; unobserved skills; return to skills
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Modelos de organização da assistência farmacêutica na atenção ambulatorial
    uma análise comparada
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The objective of this text is to identify different models of organization of pharmaceutical services (PS) in outpatient care and factors that influence this organization. A comparative analysis of the forms of PS organization in outpatient care... mehr

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    The objective of this text is to identify different models of organization of pharmaceutical services (PS) in outpatient care and factors that influence this organization. A comparative analysis of the forms of PS organization in outpatient care adopted by 25 countries was carried out. To do so, the theoretical model proposed by the Pan American Health Organization (Paho) was based on the factors that influence its organization. For the characterization of the models, a table was elaborated that summarizes the relations between the main functions to be performed and the structures, policies and processes commonly used by the countries. Two factors that influence the models were investigated for being considered more relevant and for the availability of information, health policy and financing. The relationship between having a cooperation agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the implementation of a specific model was also analyzed. Public documents and data were used to prepare the description of the PS organization in each country. These descriptions were processed with the support of the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (Iramuteq) software, enabling the identification of three different models of PS organization. A logistic regression analysis was performed using the RStudio software, finding as a predictor variable of one of the models the national per capita income in dollars per purchasing power parity (PPP). It is concluded that there are similarities in the execution by countries of various functions related to PS. However, differences related to the financing of medicines, the management of the logistics and the dispensation of medicines generate the three identified models, with the country’s income being a relevant factor in determining the adoption of one of them.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261049
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2734
    Schlagworte: pharmaceutical services; health systems; organizational models; international cooperation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Mapeamento de quinze instrumentos de avaliação dos investimentos externos
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Investment Screening Mechanisms (ISM) are legal rules created to control and assess the entry of direct investments from foreign jurisdictions. This discussion paper is premised on the observation of a marked increase in the institutionalization and... mehr

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    Investment Screening Mechanisms (ISM) are legal rules created to control and assess the entry of direct investments from foreign jurisdictions. This discussion paper is premised on the observation of a marked increase in the institutionalization and implementation of ISM in recent years, regardless of the type of domestic economy. It selects fifteen ISM for a descriptive analysis of their organizational structures and procedures, including: Australia, Canada, China, Germany, India, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union. Although the criteria for controlling and evaluating foreign investment contains national security as a shared concern, this paper identifies a significant diversity regarding the profile of the institutions responsible for investment screening, including their scope and their procedures for assessment. As a final remark, the paper raised critical concerns about ISM based on its analysis and the literature.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261051
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2736
    Schlagworte: foreign investment; screening mechanisms; national security
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. O papel da infraestrutura em modelos de crescimento macroeconômicos
    avaliação de impacto a partir de metarregressão
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Infrastructure is traditionally considered a necessary condition for a country’s economic development. However, despite so many arguments in favor of the importance of infrastructure for productivity, growth and welfare, the empirical literature on... mehr

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    Infrastructure is traditionally considered a necessary condition for a country’s economic development. However, despite so many arguments in favor of the importance of infrastructure for productivity, growth and welfare, the empirical literature on the impact of infrastructure is controversial. This article first presents a systematic review of the literature on empirical growth models that incorporate infrastructure among their production factors. From this, a meta-analysis of these articles is carried out, based on a technique known as meta-regression. The meta-regression comprised 52 parameters in 41 articles that use a comparable methodology between 1983 and 2006, and provides public capital elasticities ranging from 13.0% to 17.1% (with a sample average of 15.9%).

     

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    hdl: 10419/261052
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2737
    Schlagworte: infrastructure; public capital; public investment; elasticity; meta-analysis; metaregression
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen