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  1. Os subsídios afetam as exportações agrícolas brasileiras?
    análise a partir de modelos gravitacionais
    Autor*in: Martins, Michelle Márcia Viana; Cechin, Alícia; Bispo, Scarlett Queen Almeida; Pedrosa, Fernanda de Araújo; Carneiro, Flávio Lyrio; Nonnenberg, Marcelo José Braga; Mendonça, Marco Aurélio Alves de
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of domestic support subsidies from third countries on Brazilian agricultural exports. The study contributes to the existing literature by applying to the dataset the subsidies provided by the... mehr

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 194
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of domestic support subsidies from third countries on Brazilian agricultural exports. The study contributes to the existing literature by applying to the dataset the subsidies provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for different levels of disaggregation of government support. The gravity model is applied to agricultural flows aggregated and disaggregated by products and to Brazilian and world exports, which allows comparison of results. When considering exports of all agribusiness products, the direct support to the producer (producer support estimate - PSE) has a negative effect on shipments from Brazil in the period analyzed. Considering the General services support estimate (GSSE) and consumer support estimate (CSE), which deal with general subsidies to the sector and support to consumers of agricultural products, respectively, they did not show statistical significance. Starting with a more detailed analysis at the sectoral level, the results were different for different sectors: in relation to soybeans, the main product in the Brazilian agricultural export basket, the product-specific subsidy (single commodity transfers - SCT) did not show statistical significance on Brazilian shipments. In addition, Brazil's corn, pork and beef exports appear to have a positive relationship with subsidies provided by competing countries, while sugar shipments appear to be negatively affected. In the Fisheries and Aquaculture sector, the unavailability of data affected the achievement of econometric results for Brazil, but when considering world exports, it was possible to observe a positive relationship between subsidies and exports, that is, the subsidies provided to fisheries and aquaculture by countries may have contributed to the increase in exports in this sector.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261054
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2739
    Schlagworte: subsidies; domestic support; trade policy; exports
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. O comércio de madeiras e as restrições impostas pelos mercados Europeus e Norte-Americanos
    qual a sua efetividade?
    Autor*in: Martins, Michele Márcia Viana; Nonnenberg, Marcelo José Braga
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Deforestation is considered a highly undesirable practice due to the destruction of local biomes and its effects on global warming. Governments around the world are seeking to adopt measures to control this activity and the international trade in... mehr

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 194
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Deforestation is considered a highly undesirable practice due to the destruction of local biomes and its effects on global warming. Governments around the world are seeking to adopt measures to control this activity and the international trade in wood and derivatives. Brazil, with the second largest area of forest in the world, also has an arsenal of measures aimed at combating illegal deforestation and the export of these products. However, considering the period 2010 to 2020, it led the international ranking of average net loss of forest areas. The beef and soy export sectors were linked to deforestation in conservation areas and the target of international criticism of the production of commodities. In part, this is expressed in the increase in non-tariff measures issued by the US and the European Union regarding beef and soy. However, it is expected that this concern is also present for wood consumption. It is important that all countries establish strict control over deforestation, and strive in the same direction, regardless of the type of imported product.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261056
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2741
    Schlagworte: wood; deforestation; non-tariff measures; meat; soybeans
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. As medidas não tarifárias constituem barreiras ao comércio?
    uma abordagem global e multissetorial
    Autor*in: Carneiro, Flávio Lyrio; Nonnenberg, Marcelo José Braga; Azevedo, Mateus de; Andrade, Gerlane Gonçalves de; Martins, Michelle Márcia Viana; Bispo, Scarlett Queen Almeida; Silva, João Vitor Borges da; Pedrosa, Fernanda de Araújo
    Erschienen: junho de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This paper analyzes the effects of non-tariff measures on international trade, using a structural gravity model with 77 exporters, 63 importers, and all goods available in the 6-digit Harmonized System. Unlike most of the literature on the subject,... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 194
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper analyzes the effects of non-tariff measures on international trade, using a structural gravity model with 77 exporters, 63 importers, and all goods available in the 6-digit Harmonized System. Unlike most of the literature on the subject, we chose to estimate the effect of each measure individually, as disaggregated as possible, at the 2-digit level of the Unctad classification, amounting to 64 NTMs. The results confirm the expected ambiguity, obtaining both positive and negative effects, depending on the measure and product type. Most measures had statistically insignificant estimates, which could mean that the measures actually have no relevant effects on trade flows, but could also stem from limitations of the dataset or the adopted methodology. Some NTMs do have negative effects, including some whose clear purpose is protectionism, such as quotas; however, in practically all chapters of the NTM classification we could find measures both with positive and negative effects, so that even among similar measures the ambiguity remains - which reinforces the need to examine the effect of NTMs in a highly disaggregated environment, in order to avoid spurious results which could stem from aggregating in a same indicator variable measures with opposite effects.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265295
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2775
    Schlagworte: non-tariff measures; international trade; gravity model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen