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  1. Moral hazard heterogeneity: genes and health insurance influence smoking after a health shock
    Autor*in: Biroli, Pietro; Zwyssig, Laura
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Decision-making in the realm of health behaviors, such as smoking or drinking, is influenced both by biological factors, such as genetic predispositions, as well as environmental factors, such as financial liquidity and health insurance status. We... mehr

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    Decision-making in the realm of health behaviors, such as smoking or drinking, is influenced both by biological factors, such as genetic predispositions, as well as environmental factors, such as financial liquidity and health insurance status. We show how the choice of smoking after a cardio-vascular health shock is jointly determined by the interplay between these biological and environmental constraints. Individuals who suffer a health shock when uninsured are 25.6 percentage points more likely to reduce smoking, but this is true only for those who have a low index of genetic predisposition to smoking. Individuals with a low index of genetic predisposition are more strategic and flexible in their behavioral response to an external shock. This differential elasticity of response depending on your genetic variants is evidence of individual-level heterogeneity in moral hazard. These results suggest that genetic heterogeneity is a factor that should be considered when evaluating the effectiveness and fairness of health insurance policies.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236207
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14176
    Schlagworte: moral hazard; genetics; smoking; medicare
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Integrating genetics into economics
    = Het integreren van genetica in de economie
    Autor*in: Slob, Eric Arsène Willem
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Erasmus Institute of Management (ERIM), Rotterdam

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    ISBN: 9789058925961
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 1765/135159
    Schriftenreihe: ERIM PhD series in research in management ; EPS-2021-517-S&E
    Schlagworte: Genoeconomics; genetics; economics; Mendelian randomization; smoking; polygenic risk score; entrepreneurship; heredity; Genoeconomie; genetica; economie; Mendeliaanse randomisatie; rookgedrag; polygenetische risico score; ondernemerschap; erfelijkheid
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 192 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2021
  3. Smoke gets in your shape
    the effects of smoking on body weight in Indonesia
    Autor*in: Bella, Adrianna; Kifle, Temesgen; Tang, Kam Ki
    Erschienen: 2021-08-20
    Verlag:  University of Queensland, [Brisbane]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / UQ School of Economics ; no. 646
    Schlagworte: smoking; body weight; BMI; Indonesia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  4. Cigarette taxes, smoking, and health in the long run
    Autor*in: Friedson, Andrew; Li, Moyan; Meckel, Katherine; Rees, Daniel I.; Sacks, Daniel W.
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to... mehr

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    Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to discern the underlying long-term causal relationship. In this study, we explore the effects of cigarette taxes experienced as a teenager, which are arguably exogenous, on adult smoking participation and mortality. A one-dollar increase in teenage cigarette taxes is associated with an 8 percent reduction in adult smoking participation and a 6 percent reduction in mortality. Mortality effects are most pronounced for heart disease and lung cancer.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245413
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9232 (2021)
    Schlagworte: smoking; cigarette taxes; mortality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Healthy, nudged, and wise
    experimental evidence on the role of cost reminders in healthy decision-making
    Autor*in: Fakir, Adnan M. S.; Bharati, Tushar
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  The University of Western Australia, Economics, [Crawley, WA]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / The University of Western Australia, Economics ; 21, 13
    Schlagworte: tobacco; smoking; healthy decision-making; nudge; field experiment; Bangladesh
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Religiosity, smoking and other addictive behaviors
    Autor*in: Roman, Monica; Zimmermann, Klaus F.; Plopeanu, Aurelian-Petruș
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    While under communism, identity-providing religion was suppressed, religiosity is strong today even among the youth in post-communist countries. This provides an appropriate background to investigate how external and internal religiosity relates to... mehr

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    While under communism, identity-providing religion was suppressed, religiosity is strong today even among the youth in post-communist countries. This provides an appropriate background to investigate how external and internal religiosity relates to addictive behaviors like smoking, drinking and drugs among the young. This study shows that not religion as such or internal religiosity, but largely observable (external) religiosity prevents them from wallowing those vices.

     
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    hdl: 10419/234561
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 859
    Schlagworte: addictive behavior; Orthodox; external and internal religiosity; youth; smoking; drinking; drugs; Romania
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Are you puffing your children's future away?
    energy poverty and childhood exposure to passive smoking
    Autor*in: Prakash, Kushneel; Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa; Smyth, Russell
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    We examine whether having a parent who smoked during one's childhood or adolescence increases the probability of being in energy poverty in adulthood. We find that people who had a parent who smoked when they were young are 0.8 to 1.4 percentage... mehr

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    We examine whether having a parent who smoked during one's childhood or adolescence increases the probability of being in energy poverty in adulthood. We find that people who had a parent who smoked when they were young are 0.8 to 1.4 percentage points more likely to be in energy poverty later in life. Various checks suggest that this relationship can be regarded as being plausibly causal. We identify health, human capital, labour market outcomes and noncognitive traits as channels through which early life exposure to passive smoking increases the likelihood of being in energy poverty. Our results have important implications for early life interventions to address the deficits caused by exposure to passive smoking.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251728
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1075
    Schlagworte: energy poverty; fuel poverty; smoking; early life shocks; Australia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  8. Religiosity, smoking and other risky behaviors
    Autor*in: Roman, Monica; Zimmermann, Klaus F.; Plopeanu, Aurelian-Petruș
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    While under communism the identity-providing religion was suppressed, religiosity is strong today even among the youth in post-communist countries. This provides an appropriate background to investigate how external and internal religiosity relates... mehr

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    While under communism the identity-providing religion was suppressed, religiosity is strong today even among the youth in post-communist countries. This provides an appropriate background to investigate how external and internal religiosity relates to risky behaviors like smoking, drinking, and drugs among the young. This study shows that not religion as such or internal religiosity, but largely observable (external) religiosity prevents them from wallowing in those vices. While this is found strongly for both males and females, those females doubting or reflecting religion show a somewhat smaller risky activity.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251562
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 859 [pre.]
    Schlagworte: addictive behavior; Orthodox; external and internal religiosity; youth; smoking; drinking; drugs; Romania
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. More than a ban on smoking?
    behavioural spillovers of smoking bans in the workplace
    Autor*in: Costa-Font, Joan; Salmasi, Luca; Zaccagni, Sarah
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Are workplace smoking bans (WSBs) more than a ban on smoking? We study whether WSBs influence smoking cessation and exert behavioural spillover effects on (i) a set of health behaviours, and (ii) on individuals not directly affected by the bans.... mehr

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    Are workplace smoking bans (WSBs) more than a ban on smoking? We study whether WSBs influence smoking cessation and exert behavioural spillover effects on (i) a set of health behaviours, and (ii) on individuals not directly affected by the bans. Drawing upon quasi-experimental evidence from Russia, which introduced a WSB (in addition to a ban on smoking in public places), and adopting a difference-in-differences (DiD) strategy, which compares employed individuals (exposed to the work and public place ban) to unemployed individuals (exposed only to the ban in public places), we document three sets of findings. First, unlike previous studies that focus on smoking bans in public places, we find robust evidence that WSBs increase smoking cessation by 2.9 percentage points (pp) among men. Second, we find that quitters are less likely to use alcohol (6.7 pp reduction among men and 3.5 pp among women), and they reduce their alcohol consumption (10 percent among men). WSBs are found to influence the health behaviour of those not directly affected by the reform, such as never smokers. Our findings are consistent with a model of joint formation of health behaviours, and suggest the need to account for a wider set of spillover effects when estimating the welfare effect of WSBs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252104
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9587 (2022)
    Schlagworte: joint formation of behaviours; workplace smoking bans; behavioural spillovers; smoking; drinking; physical activity; healthy identity; Russia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The perceived social rejection of sexual minorities
    substance use and unprotected sexual intercourse
    Autor*in: Drydakis, Nick
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study presents associations between the perceived social rejection of sexual minorities and tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption and unprotected sexual intercourse in the capital of Greece, Athens. This is the first Greek study to evaluate... mehr

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    This study presents associations between the perceived social rejection of sexual minorities and tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption and unprotected sexual intercourse in the capital of Greece, Athens. This is the first Greek study to evaluate the concept of the minority stress theory on sexual minorities' substance use and unprotected sexual intercourse. In addition, this is among the first international studies to examine whether periods of adverse economic conditions are associated with sexual minorities' substance use and unprotected sexual intercourse. Two panel datasets covering the periods 2013-2014 and 2018-2019 were used to determine the perceived social rejection, that is, whether sexual minorities have been rejected by friends, treated unfairly in educational and/or workplace environments, treated negatively in social situations and received poor health and public services due to their sexuality. The estimates indicate that perceived social rejection is associated with the increased consumption of tobacco (by 9.1%, P <0.01), alcohol (by 7.1%, P <0.01), and cannabis (by 12.5%, P <0.01), as well as unprotected sexual intercourse (by 6.5%, P <0.01). In the first three cases, the magnitude of the associations is stronger for men than women and there is increased cannabis consumption during periods of deteriorated economic conditions (by 5.5%, P <0.01). In the European Union, reducing stigma, substance use, risky sexual behaviours, and health inequalities for sexual minorities is a goal of public health. If minority stress is correlated with substance use and risky sexual behaviours leading to detrimental physical/mental health outcomes then prevention and support interventions should be designed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263563
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15347
    Schlagworte: sexual orientation; minority stress; smoking; drinking; cannabis; unprotected sexual intercourse; economic recession
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. How major risk factors influence mortality trends in the National Health Interview Survey
    Autor*in: Preston, Samuel H.; Vierboom, Yana
    Erschienen: 6-10-2022
    Verlag:  Population Studies Center, [Philadelphia, PA]

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    Schriftenreihe: Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC) / Population Studies Center ; 2022, 93
    Schlagworte: mortality; risk factors; smoking; obesity; alcohol consumption; mental health; health insurance coverage; educational attainment; NHIS; National Health Interview Survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  12. More than a ban on smoking?
    behavioural spillovers of smoking bans in the workplace
    Autor*in: Costa-Font, Joan; Salmasi, Luca; Zaccagni, Sarah
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

    Are workplace smoking bans (WSBs) more than a ban on smoking? We study whether WSBs influence smoking cessation and exert behavioural spillover effects on (i) a set of health behaviours, and (ii) on individuals not directly affected by the bans.... mehr

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    Are workplace smoking bans (WSBs) more than a ban on smoking? We study whether WSBs influence smoking cessation and exert behavioural spillover effects on (i) a set of health behaviours, and (ii) on individuals not directly affected by the bans. Drawing upon quasi-experimental evidence from Russia, which introduced a WSB (in addition to a ban on smoking in public places), and adopting a difference-in-differences (DiD) strategy, which compares employed individuals (exposed to the work and public place ban) to unemployed individuals (exposed only to the ban in public places), we document three sets of findings. First, unlike previous studies that focus on smoking bans in public places, we find robust evidence that WSBs increase smoking cessation by 2.9 percentage points (pp) among men. Second, we find that quitters are less likely to use alcohol (6.7 pp reduction among men and 3.5 pp among women), and they reduce their alcohol consumption (10 percent among men). WSBs are found to influence the health behaviour of those not directly affected by the reform, such as never smokers. Our findings are consistent with a model of joint formation of health behaviours, and suggest the need to account for a wider set of spillover effects when estimating the welfare effect of WSBs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/268918
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 22, 15
    Schlagworte: Joint formation of behaviours; workplace smoking bans; behavioural spillovers; smoking; drinking; physical activity; healthy identity; Russia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Intended and unintended effects of e-cigarette taxes on youth tobacco use
    Autor*in: Abouk, Rahi; Courtemanche, Charles; Dave, Dhaval; Feng, Bo; Friedman, Abgail S.; Maclean, Johanna Catherine; Pesko, Michael F.; Sabia, Joseph J.; Safford, Samuel
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Over the past decade, rising youth use of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has contributed to aggressive regulation by state and local governments. Between 2010 and mid-2019, ten states and two large counties adopted... mehr

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    Over the past decade, rising youth use of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has contributed to aggressive regulation by state and local governments. Between 2010 and mid-2019, ten states and two large counties adopted ENDS taxes. We use two large national surveys (Monitoring the Future and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System) to estimate the impact of ENDS taxes on youth tobacco use. We find that ENDS taxes reduce youth ENDS consumption, with estimated ENDS tax elasticities of -0.06 to -0.21. However, we estimate sizable positive cigarette cross-tax effects, suggesting economic substitution between cigarettes and ENDS for youth. These substitution effects are particularly large for frequent cigarette smoking. We conclude that the unintended effects of ENDS taxation may considerably undercut or even outweigh any public health gains.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267392
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15655
    Schlagworte: electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS); e-cigarettes; vaping; cigarettes; smoking; taxes; youth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. More than a ban on smoking?
    behavioural spillovers of smoking bans in the workplace
    Autor*in: Costa-Font, Joan; Salmasi, Luca; Zaccagni, Sarah
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Are workplace smoking bans (WSBs) more than a ban on smoking? We study whether WSBs influence smoking cessation and exert behavioural spillover effects on (i) a number of health behaviours, and (ii) on individuals not directly affected by the bans.... mehr

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    Are workplace smoking bans (WSBs) more than a ban on smoking? We study whether WSBs influence smoking cessation and exert behavioural spillover effects on (i) a number of health behaviours, and (ii) on individuals not directly affected by the bans. Drawing upon quasi-experimental evidence from Russia (a country where about half of the population smokes), which introduced a WBS (in addition to a smoking ban on public places), and adopting a difference-in-differences (DiD) strategy, which compares employed individuals (exposed to the work and public place ban) to those unemployed (exposed only to the ban in public places), we document three sets of findings. First, unlike previous studies (focusing on smoking bans in public places), we find robust evidence that WSBs increase smoking cessation in 2.9 percentage points (pp) among men. Second, we find that upon the WSB, quitters are less likely to use alcohol (6.7pp reduction among men and 3.5 pp among women), reduce their alcohol consumption (10 percent among men) and increase their physical activity (in 4.3 percentage points among men). WSBs are found to influence health behaviours of those not directly affected by the reform, such as never smokers. Our findings are consistent with a model of joint formation of health behaviours, and suggest of the needs to account for a wider set of spillover effects when estimating the welfare effect of WSBs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236330
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14299
    Schlagworte: joint behavioural formation; workplace smoking bans; behavioural spillovers; smoking; drinking; physical activity; healthy identity; Russia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The effect of higher education on women's obesity and smoking
    evidence from college openings in Turkey
    Autor*in: Baltagi, Badi H.; Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso; Karatas, Haci M.
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper analyzes the relationship between higher education and body weight and smoking behavior among women in Turkey. We exploit the largely exogenous and substantial increase in the openings of universities throughout Turkey. Based on the... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the relationship between higher education and body weight and smoking behavior among women in Turkey. We exploit the largely exogenous and substantial increase in the openings of universities throughout Turkey. Based on the spatial and temporal variability of university openings, we construct college accessibility measures at the level of the city of residence when the woman turned 17 years of age to serve as instruments for college enrollment. The college accessibility measures have a substantial 5 percentage-point (about 80%) impact on the probability of college enrollment, and we show they also impact lower levels of schooling, likely through expectations. Using the college accessibility measures as instruments for college enrollment, we find that a one percentage point increase in the probability of college enrollment reduces BMI by about 0.21% and the probability of being classified as obese by 0.44 percentage points. Regarding smoking, we find that a similar increase in the probability of college enrollment increases the probability of being a current smoker by 0.73 to 1.1 percentage points. Both results contrast with previous findings for Turkey and other countries, likely denoting heterogeneities in the level of schooling considered (primary or secondary versus tertiary) and in the level of economic development of these countries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263513
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15297
    Schlagworte: health; tertiary education; women; body mass index; obesity; smoking; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The impact of parents' health shocks on children's health behaviors
    Autor*in: Blasco, Sylvie; Moreno-Galbis, Eva; Tanguy, Jeremy
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  [Aix-Marseille School of Economics], [Aix-en-Provence

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / AMSE, Aix-Marseille School of Economics ; WP 2023, nr 33
    Schlagworte: smoking; health shocks; intergenerational transmission
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Estimating the effects of Tobacco-21 on youth tobacco use and sales
    Autor*in: Abouk, Rahi; De, Prabal K.; Pesko, Michael F.
    Erschienen: February 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the effect of raising the minimum legal sale age of tobacco to 21 (i.e., "T21"). We estimate difference-in-differences models using the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey data and Nielsen Retail Scanner data from 2012 to 2019. Outcomes... mehr

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    We examine the effect of raising the minimum legal sale age of tobacco to 21 (i.e., "T21"). We estimate difference-in-differences models using the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey data and Nielsen Retail Scanner data from 2012 to 2019. Outcomes include cigarette and e-cigarette use and sales. We find sizable reductions in e-cigarette and cigarette use for 12th graders. T21 also reduced cigarette sales by 12.4% and e-cigarette sales by 69.3% in counties with the highest percent quartile of individuals under 21 years of age. In terms of mechanisms, we find that T21 increases ID checking and perceived risks of using both products.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16801
    Schlagworte: Tobacco-21; cigarettes; e-cigarettes; smoking; vaping; youth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Children's residential proximity, spousal presence and dementia risk
    Autor*in: Lin, Zhuoer; Yin, Xuecheng; Levy, Becca R.; Yuan, Yue; Chen, Xi
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Cognitive impairment poses considerable challenges among older adults, with the protective role of family support becoming increasingly crucial. This study examines the role of children's residential proximity and spousal presence with dementia risk... mehr

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    Cognitive impairment poses considerable challenges among older adults, with the protective role of family support becoming increasingly crucial. This study examines the role of children's residential proximity and spousal presence with dementia risk in cognitively impaired older adults. We analyzed 14,600 individuals aged 50 and older with cognitive impairment from the Health and Retirement Study (1995-2018). Family support was categorized by spousal presence and children's residential proximity. Modifiable risk factors, including smoking, depressive symptoms, and social isolation, were assessed. Mixed-effects models were estimated. A significant proportion of older adults with cognitive impairment lacked access to family support, with either no spouse (46.9%) or all children living over 10 miles away (25.3%). Those with less available family support, characterized by distant-residing children and the absence of a spouse, had a significantly higher percentage of smoking, depressive symptoms, and social isolation. Moreover, we revealed a consistent gradient in the percentage of the risk factors by the degree of family support. Relative to older adults with a spouse and co-resident children, those without a spouse and with all children residing further than 10 miles displayed the highest percentage of the risk factors. These findings were robust to various sensitivity analyses.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16997
    Schlagworte: dementia; depression; social isolation; smoking; long-term care; family support; residential proximity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The self-medication hypothesis
    evidence from terrorism and cigarette accessibility
    Autor*in: Pesko, Michael F.; Baum, Christopher F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Boston College, Dept. of Economics, Chestnut Hill, Mass.

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics ; 865
    Schlagworte: stress; smoking; self-medication
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (22 S.), graph. Darst.
  20. Retirement and health behavior
    Autor*in: Dusanee Kesavayuth; Rosenman, Robert E.; Zikos, Vasileios
    Erschienen: February 17, 2016
    Verlag:  School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, [Pullman]

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University ; WP 2016-3
    Schlagworte: retirement; health behaviors; smoking; drinking; physical activity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen