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  1. Through the looking glass
    transparency about others' luck and effort enhances redistribution
    Autor*in: Wiese, Juliane V.; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Yeo, Jonathan X. W.; Riyanto, Yohanes Eko
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    How do we persuade people to part with money they feel they have rightly earned? We conducted a dyadic experiment (N=1,986) where luck determined which of the players' performance counted toward winning the game. Despite luck playing a large part, we... mehr

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    How do we persuade people to part with money they feel they have rightly earned? We conducted a dyadic experiment (N=1,986) where luck determined which of the players' performance counted toward winning the game. Despite luck playing a large part, we found strong evidence of justified deservingness among the winners. The better they performed in the task, the less they redistributed to their nonwinning partner. However, in treatments where performance was transparent, winners significantly increased redistribution to nonwinners who performed similarly well. We find that transparency can effectively alter redistributive preferences even when people feel fully deserving of their income.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272536
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15909
    Schlagworte: luck; efforts; survivalship bias; redistribution; inequality; deservingness
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. How much are multisectoral programs worth?
    a new method with an application to school meals
    Autor*in: Alderman, Harold; Aurino, Elisabetta; Twumasi Baffour, Priscilla; Gelli, Aulo; Turkson, Festus Ebo; Wong, Brad
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: IFPRI discussion paper ; 02060 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: School feeding; education; program evaluation; redistribution; fiscal policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Children of Communism
    the former party membership and demand for redistribution
    Autor*in: Libman, Alexander; Popova, Olga
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The paper looks at the persistence of egalitarian norms in post-Communist societies by focusing on the former members of the Communist parties in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Russia and their children. Using the individual-level survey data,... mehr

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    The paper looks at the persistence of egalitarian norms in post-Communist societies by focusing on the former members of the Communist parties in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Russia and their children. Using the individual-level survey data, we show that there are striking differences between Russia and the CEE countries in this respect. While in the CEE both former members of the Communist parties and their children have stronger preferences for redistribution than the rest of the population, in Russia former CPSU members do not exhibit stronger preferences for redistribution - at the same time, their children support redistribution.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15816
    Schlagworte: Communist Party; inequality; redistribution; Russia; Visegrad group
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Should Only the Richest Pay More?
    Autor*in: Raskolnikov, Alex
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    This paper challenges the leading academic, political, and cultural narrative supporting greater redistribution. The narrative holds that redistribution should come at the expense of a very restricted group of the highest earners: the one percent,... mehr

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    This paper challenges the leading academic, political, and cultural narrative supporting greater redistribution. The narrative holds that redistribution should come at the expense of a very restricted group of the highest earners: the one percent, the super-rich, the billionaire class. I argue that many reasons offered in support of this view call for redistribution from a much broader group that includes the affluent—those with incomes in the ninetieth to ninety-ninth percentiles of the distribution. Whether one looks at the recent trends in income concentration, wealth concentration, social mobility, political representation, or the rise of populism, the affluent are as great—and sometimes greater—contributors to these problems as those in the top one percent. Remarkably, contemporary legal scholarship has ignored the affluent almost completely, greatly limiting the magnitude of possible economic transfers as well the forms that these transfers may take. This paper reveals the analytical weakness of the prevailing narrow view. Higher taxes on the affluent should fully enter distributional debates

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Columbia Law and Economics Working Paper ; No. 662
    Schlagworte: progressive taxes; redistribution; top one percent; affluent
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments September 19, 2022 erstellt
  5. How does it feel to be part of the minority?
    impacts of perspective-taking on prosocial behaviors
    Autor*in: Rodríguez Chatruc, Marisol; Rozo, Sandra V.
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Can online experiences that illustrate the perspective of the everyday life of a minority group improve behaviors of the dominant towards the minority group? We explore the case of natives and refugees by randomly assigning 850 natives to: i) an... mehr

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    Can online experiences that illustrate the perspective of the everyday life of a minority group improve behaviors of the dominant towards the minority group? We explore the case of natives and refugees by randomly assigning 850 natives to: i) an online game that immerses natives in the life decisions of refugees and ii) a real-life documentary about the migration process of refugees. Both treatments effectively improve altruism and reduce prejudice from natives towards migrants. The impacts of both treatments are not statistically different in any of the other outcomes that we examine.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236334
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14303
    Schlagworte: migration; redistribution; trust
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The dynamics of the gender gap at retirement in Italy
    evidence from SHARE
    Autor*in: Abatemarco, Antonio; Russolillo, Maria
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  CELPE - Centro di ricerca interdipartimentale di economia del lavoro e di politica economica, Università degli studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Università degli studi di Salerno, CELPE, Centro di economia del lavoro e di politica economica ; 163
    Schlagworte: gender gap; pension; redistribution; actuarial fairness
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
  7. Monetary-fiscal interactions and redistribution in small open economies
    Autor*in: Motyovszki, Gergö
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  European University Institute, Badia Fiesolana, Italy

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    hdl: 1814/68738
    Schriftenreihe: EUI working papers ; ECO 2020, 03
    Schlagworte: monetary-fiscal interactions; small open economy; hand-to-mouth agents; redistribution; public debt; Ricardian equivalence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Pension wealth and the gender wealth gap
    Autor*in: Cordova, Karla; Grabka, Markus M.; Sierminska, Eva
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    We examine the gender wealth gap with a focus on pension wealth and statutory pension rights. By taking into account employment characteristics of women and men, we are able and identify the extent to which the redistributive effect of pension rights... mehr

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    We examine the gender wealth gap with a focus on pension wealth and statutory pension rights. By taking into account employment characteristics of women and men, we are able and identify the extent to which the redistributive effect of pension rights reduces the gap. The empirical basis of this examination is the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), which is one of the few datasets where information on wealth as well as on pension entitlements is collected at the individual level. Pension wealth data is available for 2012 only. Individual level wealth data allows to analyze the gender wealth gap between women and men across all households. Due to the longitudinal character of the underlying data, detailed information on employment trajectories and family related events (such as childbirth, marriage, divorce, widowhood, etc.), which can have an effect on (public) pension entitlements are considered.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235760
    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 1141 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Rente; Ungleichheit; Sozioökonomisches Panel; Gender Wealth Gap; pension entitlements; Germany; redistribution; SOEP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  9. Are the upwardly mobile more left-wing?
    Autor*in: Clark, Andrew E.; Cotofan, Maria
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1938 (July 2023)
    Schlagworte: social mobility; voting; redistribution; satisfaction; fairness
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    A previous version of this paper circulated under the title "Upward Social Mobility, Well-being and Political Preferences: Evidence from the BHPS"
  10. Welfare losses, preferences for redistribution, and political participation
    evidence from the United Kingdom's age of austerity
    Autor*in: Justino, Patricia; Martorano, Bruno; Metzger, Laura
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper studies the effect of austerity on forms of political participation-including voting, appealing for reform, and peaceful protesting-and the role of preferences for redistribution in shaping the relationship between individual exposure to... mehr

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    This paper studies the effect of austerity on forms of political participation-including voting, appealing for reform, and peaceful protesting-and the role of preferences for redistribution in shaping the relationship between individual exposure to austerity and political participation. The paper focuses on the case of the United Kingdom (UK) where, between 2011 and 2019, wide-ranging austerity policies were introduced to deal with high public debt in the aftermath of the 2007-08 financial crisis. Cuts to government spending on public investment, services, and social protection, especially during the initial fiscal consolidation phase of 2011-15, led to significant welfare losses for the population. We provide evidence from observational microeconomic data and a large-scale online experiment in the UK showing that individual exposure to welfare losses from austerity increases political participation and strengthens preferences for government redistribution. The experimental data suggests that changes in individual preferences for redistribution significantly shape the effect of austerity on political participation.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292673697
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    hdl: 10419/283757
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 61
    Schlagworte: austerity; political participation; redistribution; expenditure cuts; welfare loss
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The state and your hard-earned money
    a survey on moral perspectives in public finance
    Autor*in: Mauro, Paolo
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This note provides an overview of recent studies that have begun to investigate how differing moral perspectives shape attitudes toward tax and spending policies. Recent advances in evolutionary moral psychology and their application to survey-based... mehr

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    This note provides an overview of recent studies that have begun to investigate how differing moral perspectives shape attitudes toward tax and spending policies. Recent advances in evolutionary moral psychology and their application to survey-based economic analysis yield promising insights. Understanding the moral underpinnings of various groups' views may help policymakers design and make the case for measures that can muster broader support

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781616354954
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/21, 287
    Schlagworte: Moral foundations; moral philosophy; public finance; redistribution; public debt; taxation; political economy; surveys; Moral Foundations, Moral Philosophy and Public Finance; Structure and Scope of Government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. De-facto gaps in social protection for standard and non-standard workers
    an approach for monitoring the accessibility and levels of income support
    Autor*in: Immervoll, Herwig; Fernández, Rodrigo; Hyee, Raphaela; Lee, Jongmi; Pacifico, Daniele
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Social protection systems play a key stabilising role for individuals and societies, especially in the recent context of heightened uncertainties. Income stabilisation and related social policy objectives hinge on the extent to which social... mehr

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    Social protection systems play a key stabilising role for individuals and societies, especially in the recent context of heightened uncertainties. Income stabilisation and related social policy objectives hinge on the extent to which social protection is accessible for those requiring support. This paper proposes a new empirical approach for quantifying the accessibility and value of income transfers following an earnings loss. It first presents a methodology for assessing support levels for jobless individuals in specific circumstances that allows for comparisons across countries and over time. It then illustrates the approach using longitudinal survey data in 16 OECD countries. The illustration focusses on differences in entitlements between people who were in "standard" and "non-standard" employment prior to joblessness. Results show that, prior to the COVID pandemic, income support gaps between standard and non-standard workers were often sizeable. For instance, in Korea, job losers with prior standard employment were nearly twice as likely to receive income support as otherwise similar individuals with a history of non-standard work. Gaps were also large in Italy and Portugal. By contrast, gaps were statistically insignificant in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary and the United Kingdom. As these latter countries follow very different social protection strategies, results suggest that limiting support gaps for non-standard workers is achievable with different policy designs and targeting mechanisms.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263505
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15289
    Schlagworte: cash benefits; social insurance; redistribution; poverty; coverage; adequacy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The redistributive effects of inflation
    a microsimulation analysis for Italy
    Autor*in: Curci, Nicola; Savegnago, Marco; Zevi, Giordano; Zizza, Roberta
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Questioni di economia e finanza / Banca d'Italia ; number 738 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: inflation; energy; redistribution; inequality; microsimulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The causal effect of ethnic diversity on support for redistribution and the role of discrimination
    Autor*in: Achard, Pascal; Suetens, Sigrid
    Erschienen: 12 June 2023
    Verlag:  CentER, Tilburg University, [Tilburg]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / CentER ; no. 2023, 013
    Schlagworte: redistribution; ethnic diversity; political preferences; immigration; discrimination; prejudice
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  15. Social segregation, misperceptions, and emergent cyclical choice patterns
    Autor*in: Mayerhoffer, Daniel; Schulz-Gebhard, Jan
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Bamberg Economic Research Group, Bamberg University, Bamberg

    This paper examines the puzzle of why economic inequality has not resulted in political countermeasures to mitigate it, and proposes that the reason is due to misperceptions of economic inequality caused by segregation in social networks. We model... mehr

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    This paper examines the puzzle of why economic inequality has not resulted in political countermeasures to mitigate it, and proposes that the reason is due to misperceptions of economic inequality caused by segregation in social networks. We model taxation and voting behavior with an exponential income distribution and a Random Geometric Graph-type model to represent homophily, which leads to people perceiving their own income rank and income to be close to the middle. We find that people base their beliefs about mean income on a compound of the true mean and their local perception in the network, and that higher homophily causes lower implemented tax rates, which explains why redistribution preferences appear decoupled from actual inequality. In a dynamic extension, we also demonstrate that a rich set of dynamic behaviours can emerge from rational updating beliefs about efficiency. Misperceptions not only decrease redistribution in a static setting, they also hinder agents from adapting and learning towards the unbiased tax rate in a dynamic sense. As policy implications, we suggest two measures to counteract this: educating people about the actual income distribution and promoting diversity to reduce homophily.

     
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    ISBN: 9783949224072
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273387
    Schriftenreihe: BERG working paper series ; no. 186 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: Inequality; redistribution; perception; bias; networks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The climate change challenge and fiscal instruments and policies in the EU
    Autor*in: Avgousti, Aris; Caprioli, Francesco; Caracciolo, Giacomo; Cochard, Marion; Dallari, Pietro; Delgado-Téllez, Mar; Domingues, João; Ferdinandusse, Marien; Filip, Daniela; Nerlich, Carolin; Prammer, Doris; Schmidt, Katja; Theofilakou, Anastasia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Fiscal policy plays a prominent role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. An optimal combination of revenue policies, in particular taxes, and expenditure policies, such as subsidies and investment, is essential in order to achieve greenhouse... mehr

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    Fiscal policy plays a prominent role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. An optimal combination of revenue policies, in particular taxes, and expenditure policies, such as subsidies and investment, is essential in order to achieve greenhouse gas emissions targets. This paper analyses the main fiscal instruments in place in European Union Member States, focusing on specific issues, such as the fiscal impact of extreme weather events, the interaction between debt sustainability and climate change, the green investment gap and the distributional impact of climate policies. The paper aims to provide an overview of existing fiscal policies and of the main fiscal challenges for a comprehensive European climate change strategy.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 315
    Schlagworte: climate change; carbon tax; debt sustainability; green investment,extreme weather events; redistribution
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Minimum wage and tolerance for high incomes
    Autor*in: Fazio, Andrea; Reggiani, Tommaso
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We suggest that stabilizing the baseline income can make low-wage workers more tolerant towards high income earners. We present evidence of this attitude in the UK by exploiting the introduction of the National Minimum Wage (NMW), which... mehr

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    We suggest that stabilizing the baseline income can make low-wage workers more tolerant towards high income earners. We present evidence of this attitude in the UK by exploiting the introduction of the National Minimum Wage (NMW), which institutionally sets a baseline pay reducing the risk of income losses and providing a clear reference point for British workers at the lower end of the income distribution. Based on data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), we show that workers who benefited from the NMW program became relatively more tolerant of high incomes and more likely to support and vote for the Conservative Party. As far as tolerance for high incomes is related to tolerance of inequality, our results may suggest that people advocate for equality also because they fear income losses below a given reference point.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16107
    Schlagworte: inequality; redistribution; minimum wage; loss aversion; reference point; UK
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  18. After you
    cognition and health-distribution preferences
    Autor*in: Brun, Martín; D'Ambrosio, Conchita; Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Ada; Ramos Morilla, Xavier
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We analyse individuals' preferences vaccine-distribution schemes in the World, the EU, and their country of residence that emphasise circumstances rather than outcomes or effort. We link preferences to previously-measured cognition, and find that... mehr

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    We analyse individuals' preferences vaccine-distribution schemes in the World, the EU, and their country of residence that emphasise circumstances rather than outcomes or effort. We link preferences to previously-measured cognition, and find that high-cognition individuals are 35% more likely to always support such schemes. These preferences are not driven by scheme convenience nor vaccine hesitancy, but appear to be caused by prosociality. We argue that this latter is linked to the perception of less equality of opportunity in society: despite having similar ideals about the role that effort and luck should play in life, high-cognition individuals perceive outcomes to be more determined by luck.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16126
    Schlagworte: social preferences; redistribution; COVID-19; vaccines; cognition; COME-HERE survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Pension wealth and the gender wealth gap
    Autor*in: Cordova, Karla; Grabka, Markus M.; Sierminska, Eva
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    We examine the gender wealth gap with a focus on pension wealth and statutory pension rights. By taking into account employment characteristics of women and men, we are able and identify the extent to which the redistributive effect of pension rights... mehr

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    We examine the gender wealth gap with a focus on pension wealth and statutory pension rights. By taking into account employment characteristics of women and men, we are able and identify the extent to which the redistributive effect of pension rights reduces the gap. The empirical basis of this examination is the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), which is one of the few datasets where information on wealth as well as on pension entitlements is collected at the individual level. Pension wealth data is available for 2012 only. Individual level wealth data allows to analyze the gender wealth gap between women and men across all households. Due to the longitudinal character of the underlying data, detailed information on employment trajectories and family related events (such as childbirth, marriage, divorce, widowhood, etc.), which can have an effect on (public) pension entitlements are considered.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 1141 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Rente; Ungleichheit; Sozioökonomisches Panel; Gender Wealth Gap; pension entitlements; Germany; redistribution; SOEP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  20. Progress of the personal income tax in emerging markets and developing countries
    Autor*in: Benedek, Dora; Benítez, Juan Carlos; Vellutini, Charles
    Erschienen: 2022 JAN
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and... mehr

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    Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and redistributive impact. Notwithstanding, this paper shows that LIDCs and EMEs increased their PIT-to-GDP revenue by 110 and 48 percent, respectively, during the 1990-2019 period, a marked improvement in the PIT revenue performance. We find that this rise was driven primarily by economic developments and to a lesser extent by changes in the design of PIT systems. We also find that LIDCs that improved their tax-to-GDP ratios relied on a broader set of tax instruments and not exclusively on the PIT, suggesting that a successful revenue mobilization strategy of developing countries requires a comprehensive approach covering a wider range of taxes. Finally, using a newly assembled dataset of PIT characteristics of 157 countries over the 2006-2018 period, we estimate a novel redistribution index of the PIT in LIDCs. We show that the contribution of the PIT to inequality reductions has been significant

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/22, 20
    Schlagworte: Personal income tax; progressivity; redistribution; low-income countries; emerging market economies; Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria; Liability Threshold; Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes; Personal Income Tax and Progressivity; Redistribution and Low-Income Countries; PIT Revenue Performance; PIT System
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The state and your hard-earned money
    a survey on moral perspectives in public finance
    Autor*in: Mauro, Paolo
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This note provides an overview of recent studies that have begun to investigate how differing moral perspectives shape attitudes toward tax and spending policies. Recent advances in evolutionary moral psychology and their application to survey-based... mehr

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    This note provides an overview of recent studies that have begun to investigate how differing moral perspectives shape attitudes toward tax and spending policies. Recent advances in evolutionary moral psychology and their application to survey-based economic analysis yield promising insights. Understanding the moral underpinnings of various groups' views may help policymakers design and make the case for measures that can muster broader support

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/21, 287
    Schlagworte: Moral foundations; moral philosophy; public finance; redistribution; public debt; taxation; political economy; surveys; Moral Foundations, Moral Philosophy and Public Finance; Structure and Scope of Government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Measuring the redistributive capacity of tax policies
    Autor*in: Vellutini, Charles; Benítez, Juan Carlos
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper presents a novel technique to measure and compare the redistributive capacity of observed tax (or transfer) policies. The technique is based on income distribution simulations and controls for differences in pre-tax income distributions.... mehr

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    This paper presents a novel technique to measure and compare the redistributive capacity of observed tax (or transfer) policies. The technique is based on income distribution simulations and controls for differences in pre-tax income distributions. It assumes that the only information on the pre-tax distribution available in each country-year is the Gini coefficient and the mean (GDP per capita). We illustrate the technique with an application to the personal income tax, using a dataset of 108 countries over the 2007-2018 period

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 252
    Schlagworte: Income distribution; redistribution; progressivity; personal income tax; Foreign Exchange; Income Distribution, Redistribution, Progressivity and Personal Income Tax; Informal Economy; Novel Technique; PIT Redistribution; Underground Econom
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The climate change challenge and fiscal instruments and policies in the EU
    Autor*in: Avgousti, Aris; Caprioli, Francesco; Caracciolo, Giacomo; Cochard, Marion; Dallari, Pietro; Delgado-Téllez, Mar; Domingues, João; Ferdinandusse, Marien; Filip, Daniela; Nerlich, Carolin; Prammer, Doris; Schmidt, Katja; Theofilakou, Anastasia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Fiscal policy plays a prominent role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. An optimal combination of revenue policies, in particular taxes, and expenditure policies, such as subsidies and investment, is essential in order to achieve greenhouse... mehr

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    Fiscal policy plays a prominent role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. An optimal combination of revenue policies, in particular taxes, and expenditure policies, such as subsidies and investment, is essential in order to achieve greenhouse gas emissions targets. This paper analyses the main fiscal instruments in place in European Union Member States, focusing on specific issues, such as the fiscal impact of extreme weather events, the interaction between debt sustainability and climate change, the green investment gap and the distributional impact of climate policies. The paper aims to provide an overview of existing fiscal policies and of the main fiscal challenges for a comprehensive European climate change strategy.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 315
    Schlagworte: climate change; carbon tax; debt sustainability; green investment,extreme weather events; redistribution
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  24. Optimal carbon taxation and horizontal equity
    Autor*in: Hänsel, Martin C.; Franks, Max; Kalkuhl, Matthias; Edenhofer, Ottmar
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Universität Potsdam, Potsdam

    We develop a model of optimal carbon taxation and redistribution taking into account horizontal equity concerns by considering heterogeneous energy efficiencies. By deriving first- and second-best rules for policy instruments including carbon taxes,... mehr

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    We develop a model of optimal carbon taxation and redistribution taking into account horizontal equity concerns by considering heterogeneous energy efficiencies. By deriving first- and second-best rules for policy instruments including carbon taxes, transfers and energy subsidies, we then investigate analytically how horizontal equity is considered in the social welfare maximizing tax structure. We calibrate the model to German household data and a 30 percent emission reduction goal. Our results show that energy-intensive households should receive more redistributive resources than energy-efficient households if and only if social inequality aversion is sufficiently high. We further find that redistribution of carbon tax revenue via household-specific transfers is the first-best policy. Equal per-capita transfers do not suffer from informational problems, but increase mitigation costs by around 15 percent compared to the first- best for unity inequality aversion. Adding renewable energy subsidies or non-linear energy subsidies, reduces mitigation costs further without relying on observability of households’ energy efficiency.

     
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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Thus version: March 11,2021
    Schriftenreihe: CEPA discussion papers ; No. 28
    Schlagworte: carbon price; climate policy; horizontal equity; just transition; redistribution; renewable energy subsidies
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  25. Norm compliance, enforcement, and the survival of redistributive institutions
    Autor*in: Gürdal, Mehmet Y.; Torul, Orhan; Vostroknutov, Alexander
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Graduate School of Business and Economics, Maastricht

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    Schriftenreihe: [Research memorandum] / Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE) ; RM/19, 011
    Schlagworte: social norms; taxation; redistribution; egalitarianism; libertarianism; limited enforcement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen