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  1. Rethinking palliative care in a public health context: addressing the needs of persons with non-communicable chronic diseases

    Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Demographic aging has resulted in older populations with more complex healthcare needs. This necessitates a multilevel rethinking of healthcare... mehr

     

    Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Demographic aging has resulted in older populations with more complex healthcare needs. This necessitates a multilevel rethinking of healthcare policies, health education and community support systems with digitalization of technologies playing a central role. The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging (A3) working group focuses on well-being for older adults, with an emphasis on quality of life and healthy aging. A subgroup of A3, including multidisciplinary stakeholders in health care across Europe, focuses on the palliative care (PC) model as a paradigm to be modified to meet the needs of older persons with NCCDs. This development paper delineates the key parameters we identified as critical in creating a public health model of PC directed to the needs of persons with NCCDs. This paradigm shift should affect horizontal components of public health models. Furthermore, our model includes vertical components often neglected, such as nutrition, resilience, well-being and leisure activities. The main enablers identified are information and communication technologies, education and training programs, communities of compassion, twinning activities, promoting research and increasing awareness amongst policymakers. We also identified key 'bottlenecks': inequity of access, insufficient research, inadequate development of advance care planning and a lack of co-creation of relevant technologies and shared decision-making. Rethinking PC within a public health context must focus on developing policies, training and technologies to enhance person-centered quality life for those with NCCD, while ensuring that they and those important to them experience death with dignity.

     

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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt AVL
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    Schlagworte: integrated; multimorbidity; non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs); palliative care; public health
    Lizenz:

    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

  2. Contrabando de agrotóxicos no Brasil: o perigo é real?
    uma análise com base em laudos periciais de produtos apreendidos (2008-2018)
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Between 2007 and 2018, federal agencies in Brazil confiscated around 1,300 cargoes of smuggled or counterfeit pesticides. These products are often described by industry bodies as more toxic than those legally traded or as ineffective against pests,... mehr

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    Between 2007 and 2018, federal agencies in Brazil confiscated around 1,300 cargoes of smuggled or counterfeit pesticides. These products are often described by industry bodies as more toxic than those legally traded or as ineffective against pests, but there is little information about this type of crime. This article presents a profile of this type of crime in Brazil, based on a dataset with 3,690 observations, drawn from information about confiscated pesticides in forensic reports from the Brazilian Federal Police. Based on evidence from this dataset, this article concludes that: the volume of pesticide smuggling is probably small when compared to the volume of pesticides consumed in Brazil; there is no evidence that smuggled products are more toxic than those traded in the legal market, although they may be of greater environmental risk; smuggled goods are rarely counterfeit; smuggling is caused by price differences rather than bans on the use of certain active ingredients; pesticides in unlabelled packings are more toxic than those in labelled packings; the main origin of smuggled pesticides is China, which commonly enter into Brazil through Paraguay and Uruguay; confiscations tend to grow in periods of pre-planting or planting; there is some evidence that organized groups are involved with this type of crime, but it is mainly conducted by petty smugglers. In summary, evidence indicates that pesticide smuggling does not bring substantial additional risks to public health, occupational health or the environment, besides those already observed in products bought in the legal pesticide market. Although smuggling must be repressed, this topic may be mainly of symbolic importance. In a context in which various actors within and outside the state mobilize in favour of greater restrictions on pesticides and higher levels of taxation on this sector, emphasising the potential negative consequences of smuggling contributes to associate the sector to a responsible behaviour and to expand their networks with government officials.

     

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    Sprache: Portugiesisch
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    hdl: 10419/240824
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2630
    Schlagworte: pesticides; smuggling; Brazil; public health; environment; special interest groups
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The social dilemma of big data
    donating personal data to promote social welfare
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    When using digital devices and services, individuals provide their personal data to organizations in exchange for gains in various domains of life. Organizations use these data to run technologies such as smart assistants, augmented reality, and... mehr

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    When using digital devices and services, individuals provide their personal data to organizations in exchange for gains in various domains of life. Organizations use these data to run technologies such as smart assistants, augmented reality, and robotics. Most often, these organizations seek to make a profit. Individuals can, however, also provide personal data to public databases that enable nonprofit organizations to promote social welfare if sufficient data are contributed. Regulators have therefore called for efficient ways to help the public collectively benefit from its own data. By implementing an online experiment among 1,696 US citizens, we find that individuals would donate their data even when at risk of getting leaked. The willingness to provide personal data depends on the risk level of a data leak but not on a realistic impact of the data on social welfare. Individuals are less willing to donate their data to the private industry than to academia or the government. Finally, individuals are not sensitive to whether the data are processed by a human-supervised or a self-learning smart assistant.

     

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    hdl: 10419/235296
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8926 (2021)
    Schlagworte: data philanthropy; sustainable development; decision-making; privacy; environmental protection; public health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Modeling to inform economy-wide pandemic policy
    bringing epidemiologists and economists together

    Facing unprecedented uncertainty and drastic trade-offs between public health and other forms of human well-being, policymakers during the Covid-19 pandemic have sought the guidance of epidemiologists and economists. Unfortunately, while both groups... mehr

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    Facing unprecedented uncertainty and drastic trade-offs between public health and other forms of human well-being, policymakers during the Covid-19 pandemic have sought the guidance of epidemiologists and economists. Unfortunately, while both groups of scientists use many of the same basic mathematical tools, the models they develop to inform policy tend to rely on different sets of assumptions and, thus, often lead to different policy conclusions. This divergence in policy recommendations can lead to uncertainty and confusion, opening the door to disinformation, distrust of institutions, and politicization of scientific facts. Unfortunately, to date, there have not been widespread efforts to build bridges and find consensus or even to clarify sources of differences across these fields, members of whom often continue to work within their traditional academic silos. In response to this "crisis of communication," we convened a group of scholars from epidemiology, economics, and related fields (such as statistics, engineering, and health policy) to discuss approaches to modeling economy-wide pandemics. We summarize these conversations by providing a consensus view of disciplinary differences (including critiques) and working through a specific policy example. Thereafter, we chart a path forward for more effective synergy among disciplines, which we hope will lead to better policies as the current pandemic evolves and future pandemics emerge.

     

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    hdl: 10419/249862
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2021, 26 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: economics; epidemiology; public health; Covid-19; behavior modeling; health outcomes; health-wealth tradeoffs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Voting, contagion and the trade-off between public health and political rights: quasi-experimental evidence from the Italian 2020 polls
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We exploit a quasi-experimental setting provided by an election day with multiple polls to estimate the effect of voters' turnout on the spread of new COVID-19 infections and to quantify the policy trade-off implied by postponing elections during... mehr

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    We exploit a quasi-experimental setting provided by an election day with multiple polls to estimate the effect of voters' turnout on the spread of new COVID-19 infections and to quantify the policy trade-off implied by postponing elections during high infection periods. We show that post-poll new COVID cases increased by 1.1% for each additional percentage point of turnout. The cost-benefits analysis based on our estimates and real political events shows that averting an early general election has saved Italy up to about e362 million in additional hospital care costs and e7.5 billion in values of life saved from COVID.

     

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    hdl: 10419/245709
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14658
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; voting; civic capital; public health; event-study; endogeneity; control function
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Innovative Versorgungslösungen in ländlichen Regionen: Ergebnisse der Begleitforschung zum Modellvorhaben Land(auf)Schwung im Handlungsfeld "Daseinsvorsorge"
    Band 1 der Begleitforschung Land(auf)Schwung
    Erschienen: Oktober 2021
    Verlag:  Johann-Heinrich-von-Thünen-Institut, Braunschweig

    Das Modellvorhaben „Land(auf)Schwung“ des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft hatte zum Ziel, neue Wege in der Entwicklung ländlicher Räume zu erproben. 13 periphere, ländliche Kreise wurden von 2015 bis 2019 mit jeweils ca. 2,5... mehr

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    Das Modellvorhaben „Land(auf)Schwung“ des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft hatte zum Ziel, neue Wege in der Entwicklung ländlicher Räume zu erproben. 13 periphere, ländliche Kreise wurden von 2015 bis 2019 mit jeweils ca. 2,5 Millionen Euro gefördert, um Ansätze zur Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge sowie zur Stärkung der regionalen Wertschöpfung zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Mit Blick auf die Daseinsvorsorge stehen viele benachteiligte Regionen, insbesondere angesichts des demographischen Wandels, vor der Herausforderung, bestehende Angebote aufrechtzuerhalten und die Versorgung der Bevölkerung zu sichern. Hierzu wurden im Rahmen von Land(auf)Schwung ganz unterschiedliche Ansätze erprobt. Die Begleitforschung fokussierte sowohl in den regionalen Zukunftskonzepten als auch in den aktuellen Forschungsdebatten besonders relevante Strategien und Maßnahmen, um diese im Zusammenhang bestehender Handlungsbedarfe, räumlicher Kontextbedingungen und verschiedener Innovationsprozesse zu analysieren. So wählten wir fünf Themenschwerpunkte für empirische Teilstudien aus, in deren Rahmen wir insgesamt 105 qualitative Einzel- und Kleingruppeninterviews durchführten. Die erste Teilstudie zu den Standortentscheidungen von Hausärzt*innen zeigt, dass familien-freundliche Wohnbedingungen, berufliche Gelegenheiten und biographische Bezüge für die Niederlassung in einer benachteiligten ländlichen Region ausschlaggebend sind. Unsere zweite Teilstudie analysiert die Potenziale des bürgerschaftlichen Engagements jüngerer Rentner*innen für die Unterstützung ländlicher Daseinsvorsorge. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass diese Potenziale be-grenzt sind, da das Engagement, wenn überhaupt, nur eine von mehreren persönlich wichtigen Aktivitäten ist und dementsprechend auf Wunschtätigkeiten beschränkt wird, die nur bedingt den dringlichsten Unterstützungsbedarfen entsprechen. Mit einer dritten Teilstudie wird die Rolle von Sportvereinen bei der lokalen Integration von Migrant*innen, Geflüchteten und Binnenwander*in-nen sowie die Bedeutung Hinzuziehender für die Mitgliederentwicklung und Nachwuchsstrategien der Vereine beleuchtet. Unsere Interviews zeigen unter anderem, dass letztgenannte Strategien stark darauf ausgerichtet sind, zunächst die Kinder und über sie auch deren Eltern zu gewinnen sowie die Potenziale zielgruppengerechter, über den üblichen Trainings- und Mannschaftsbetrieb hinausgehender Angebote. Die vierte Teilstudie analysiert, unter welchen Bedingungen benachteiligte ländliche Regionen von digitalen Daseinsvorsorgelösungen profitieren können. Dabei erweisen sich insbesondere der Kapazitätsaufbau auf Nutzer*innenseite und die Unterstützung durch die in den jeweiligen Handlungsfeldern zentralen Schlüsselinstitutionen und Kernanbieter als entscheidend. Mit unserer fünften und letzten Teilstudie beleuchten wir die Frage, inwieweit und unter welchen Bedingungen flexible Angebote („People to Services“ und „Services to People“) zur Aufrechterhaltung ländlicher Daseinsvorsorge beitragen können. Eine wesentliche Erkenntnis ist, dass diese Leistungen, angesichts begrenzter Nutzungspotenziale, aber auch geringer Kosten, einfach nutzbare Ergänzungen bestehender Angebote bilden können. Eine zentrale, die fünf Teilstudien übergreifende Schlussfolgerung ist, dass zur Sicherung der ländlichen Daseinsvorsorge oftmals Kombinationen unterschiedlicher Innovationsformen notwendig sind, sodass technische, soziale, organisatorische und Angebotsinnovationen aufeinander abgestimmt werden müssen. The pilot scheme ‚Land(auf)Schwung‘, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, was designed to test new approaches in the development of rural areas. 13 peripheral rural counties received about 2.5 million euros each in total funding between the years 2015-2019, to develop new approaches in the provision of basic services and to foster regional growth and net value creation. With regard to basic service provision, many disadvantaged regions, especially in view of demographic change, are faced with the challenge of maintaining existing services and securing supplies for the population. To this end, very different approaches were tried out within the framework of Land(auf)Schwung. The accompanying research focused strategies and measures, particularly relevant for the regional concepts as well as for current research debates, in order to analyse these in relation to existing needs for action, spatial context conditions and various innovation processes. We selected five main topics for empirical studies, in the course of which we conducted a total of 105 qualitative individual and small group interviews. The first study on the location decisions of general practitioners shows that family-friendly living conditions, professional opportunities and biographical relations are decisive for settling in a disadvantaged rural region. Our second study analyses the potential of younger retirees’ volunteering to support basic services provision in rural areas. The results show that this potential is limited, since engagement is only one of several personally important activities, if at all, and is accordingly limited to favoured activities that only partially correspond to the most urgent needs for support. A third study examines the roles of sports clubs in the local integration of migrants, refugees and internal mi-grants, as well as the importance of these newcomers for the clubs’ membership development and youth strategies. Our interviews show, among other things, that the latter strategies are strongly geared towards winning over the children and, through them, their parents as well as the potential of target group-oriented offers that go beyond the usual training and team activities. The fourth study analyses the conditions under which disadvantaged rural regions can benefit from digital basic services solutions. In particular, capacity building on the user side as well getting support of the action field’s central key institutions and core providers prove to be decisive. With our fifth and last study, we shed light on the extent to which and under what conditions flexible offers (“People to Services” and “Services to People”) can contribute to maintaining rural basic services. An essential finding is that these services, in view of the limited usage potential but also low costs, can be easily usable supplements to existing offers. A central conclusion across the five studies is that in order to secure rural basic service provision, combinations of different forms of innovation are often necessary, so that technical, social, organizational and product innovations have to be coordinated with one another.

     

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    ISBN: 9783865762351
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251730
    Schriftenreihe: Begleitforschung Land(auf)Schwung / Tobias Mettenberger, Patrick Küpper ; Band 1
    Thünen-Report ; 90
    Schlagworte: Entwicklung ländlicher Räume; Innovationen; Daseinsvorsorge; Gesundheitsversorgung; Bürgerschaftliches Engagement; Integration; Digitalisierung; Nahversorgung; development of rural areas; innovation; basic service provision; public health; volunteering; integration; digitalisation; local supply
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (258 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Precarious employment and occupational health in Europe
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    Schlagworte: public health; precarious employment; presenteeism; occupational health; working conditions; occpational epidemiology
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021

  8. Modeling to inform economy-wide pandemic policy: bringing epidemiologists and economists together

    Facing unprecedented uncertainty and drastic trade-offs between public health and other forms of human well-being, policy makers during the Covid-19 pandemic have sought the guidance of epidemiologists and economists. Unfortunately, while both groups... mehr

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    Facing unprecedented uncertainty and drastic trade-offs between public health and other forms of human well-being, policy makers during the Covid-19 pandemic have sought the guidance of epidemiologists and economists. Unfortunately, while both groups of scientists use many of the same basic mathematical tools, the models they develop to inform policy tend to rely on different sets of assumptions and, thus, often lead to different policy conclusions. This divergence in policy recommendations can lead to uncertainty and confusion, opening the door to disinformation, distrust of institutions, and politicization of scientific facts. Unfortunately, to date, there have not been widespread efforts to build bridges and find consensus or even to clarify sources of differences across these fields, members of whom often continue to work within their traditional academic silos. In response to this "crisis of communication," we convened a group of scholars from epidemiology, economics, and related fields (e.g., statistics, engineering, and health policy) to discuss approaches to modeling economy-wide pandemics. We summarize these conversations by providing a consensus view of disciplinary differences (including critiques) and working through a specific policy example. Thereafter, we chart a path forward for more effective synergy between disciplines, which we hope will lead to better policies as the current pandemic evolves and future pandemics emerge.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250499
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14838
    Schlagworte: economics; epidemiology; public health; COVID-19; behavior modeling; health outcomes; health-wealth tradeoffs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Spreading the disease
    protest in times of pandemics
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    This study analyzes the impact of COVID-19 deniers on the spread of COVID-19 in Germany. In a first step, we establish a link between regional proxies of COVID-19 deniers and infection rates. We then estimate the causal impact of large anti-lockdown... mehr

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    This study analyzes the impact of COVID-19 deniers on the spread of COVID-19 in Germany. In a first step, we establish a link between regional proxies of COVID-19 deniers and infection rates. We then estimate the causal impact of large anti-lockdown protests on the spread of COVID-19 using an event study framework. Employing novel data on bus stops of travel companies specialized in driving protesters to these gatherings, and exploiting the timing of two large-scale demonstrations in November 2020, we find sizable increases in infection rates in protesters' origin regions after these demonstrations. Individual-level evidence supports the main results by documenting that COVID-19 deniers engage less in health protection behavior. Our results contribute to the debate about the public health costs of individual behavior that has detrimental externalities for the society.

     

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    hdl: 10419/231295
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 21, 009 (02/2021)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 deniers; protests; public health
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  10. COVID-19 exit strategies
    how do we proceed?
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, [Malate Manila, Philippines]

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    Schriftenreihe: BSP working paper series ; no. 2020, 01
    Schlagworte: public health; exit strategy; monetary policy; central bank; fiscal policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Mobile phones and HIV testing
    multi-country evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
    Erschienen: 8 March 2021
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2021, 010
    Schlagworte: Mobile technology; public health; HIV; reproductive health
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  12. EU drug markets
    impact of COVID-19
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789294974938
    Weitere Identifier:
    TD-04-20-289-EN-N
    Schlagworte: Drogenwirtschaft; Drogenpolitik; Kriminalität; Rechtsdurchsetzung; Coronavirus; EU-Staaten; Drogenhandel; COVID-19; Pandemie; Verbrechen; afforestation; application of the law; coronavirus disease; crime; crisis management; illicit trade; narcotic; public health; research report
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 27-30

  13. Public health in the first mortality transition in the tropics
    Autor*in: Marein, Brian
    Erschienen: October 12, 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder ; no. 20, 04
    Schlagworte: public health; economic history; Puerto Rico; United States
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  14. Modelling COVID19
    epidemiological evidence and model misspecifications
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  The Foerder Institute for Economic Research, Tel Aviv University, The Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv, Israel

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Foerder Institute for Economic Research and the Sackler Institute for Economic Studies ; no. 2020, 15
    Schlagworte: epidemiological dynamics; COVID19; transmission timescales; optimal policy; public health; disease dynamics and scale; clinical modelling; misspecification
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Could vaccine dose stretching reduce COVID-19 deaths?
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  BREAD, the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development, [Cambridge, Massachusetts]

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    Schriftenreihe: BREAD working paper ; no. 590
    Schlagworte: vaccine; pandemic; epidemiology; public health; supply
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Can a supranational medicines agency restore trust after vaccine suspensions?
    the case of Vaxzevria
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Over the first half of March 2021, the majority of European governments suspended Astrazeneca's Vaxzevria vaccine as a precaution following media reports of rare blood clots. We analyse the impact of the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) March 18th... mehr

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    Over the first half of March 2021, the majority of European governments suspended Astrazeneca's Vaxzevria vaccine as a precaution following media reports of rare blood clots. We analyse the impact of the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) March 18th statement assuring the public of the safety of Vaxzevria and the immediate reinstatement of the vaccine by most countries on respondents' intention to get vaccinated. By relying on survey data collected in Luxembourg and neighbouring areas between early March and mid-April, we observe that the willingness to be vaccinated was severely declining in the days preceding the EMA statement. We implement a regression discontinuity design exploiting the time at which respondents completed the survey and find that the vaccine reinstatement substantially restored vaccination intentions.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14553
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; vaccine hesitancy; supranational regulation; public health; regression discontinuity design
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Can a supranational medicines agency restore trust after vaccine suspensions?
    the case of Vaxzevria
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Over the first half of March 2021, the majority of European governments suspended Astrazeneca's Vaxzevria vaccine as a precaution following media reports of rare blood clots. We analyse the impact of the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) March 18th... mehr

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    Over the first half of March 2021, the majority of European governments suspended Astrazeneca's Vaxzevria vaccine as a precaution following media reports of rare blood clots. We analyse the impact of the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) March 18th statement assuring the public of the safety of Vaxzevria and the immediate reinstatement of the vaccine by most countries on respondents' intention to get vaccinated. By relying on survey data collected in Luxembourg and neighbouring areas between early March and mid-April, we observe that the willingness to be vaccinated was severely declining in the days preceding the EMA statement. We implement a regression discontinuity design exploiting the time at which respondents completed the survey and find that the vaccine reinstatement substantially restored vaccination intentions.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 878
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; vaccine hesitancy; supranational regulation; public health; regression discontinuity design
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Long-term effects of Agent Orangeon health capital in Vietnam
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, [Canberra]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in trade and development ; no. 2020, 20
    Schlagworte: Vietnam War; Agent Orange; health effects of war; public health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. COVID-19: erroneous modelling and its policy implications
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Research in Economics on COVID-19 posits an economy subject to disease dynamics, which are often seriously misspecified in terms of speed and scale. Using a social planner problem, we show that such misspecifications lead to misguided policy.... mehr

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    Research in Economics on COVID-19 posits an economy subject to disease dynamics, which are often seriously misspecified in terms of speed and scale. Using a social planner problem, we show that such misspecifications lead to misguided policy. Erroneously characterizing a relatively slow-moving disease engenders dramatically higher death tolls and excessive output loss relative to the correct benchmark. We delineate the latter, employing epidemiological evidence on the timescales of COVID-19 transmission and clinical progression. The resulting sound model is simple, transparent, and novel in Economics.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14202
    Schlagworte: optimal policy; public health; GDP loss; COVID-19; disease dynamics and scale; misspecification
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. COVID19
    erroneous modelling and its policy implications
    Erschienen: December 14, 2020
    Verlag:  CFM, Centre for Macroeconomics, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CFM discussion paper series ; CFM-DP 2020, 30
    Schlagworte: epidemiological dynamics; COVID19; transmission timescales; optimal policy; public health; disease dynamics and scale; misspecification
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Aspectos socioeconômicos da Covid-19: evidências dos trabalhadores formais do estado do Rio de Janeiro

    This paper aims to analyze the effects of individual socioeconomic characteristics on the mortality risk of Covid-19. Two datasets were combined to achieve this objective: the individual health records from people infected with coronavirus in the... mehr

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    This paper aims to analyze the effects of individual socioeconomic characteristics on the mortality risk of Covid-19. Two datasets were combined to achieve this objective: the individual health records from people infected with coronavirus in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, and the Annual Report of Social Information database (Rais), which contain diverse socioeconomic information about formal workers in the state. These datasets make it possible to estimate logistic models to assess the effect of variables such as sex, age, income, race/ethnicity, schooling, occupation, and economic activity on the risk of death from Covid-19. The results indicate that some groups of workers have more risk of dying of Covid-19 than others: workers employed in establishments in the health and public safety sectors present, respectively, a risk of dying 2.46 and 2.25 times higher than those employed in other activities. The results also show that non-white people, men, and those who work in the Metropolitan Region are more likely to die from Covid-19. On the other hand, those who have higher education are 44% less likely to die from the disease. It is essential to consider these differences in the design of prevention policies to be adopted.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2642
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; mortality rates; health and inequality; pandemic; public health; workers; labor market data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Sex workers, stigma and self-image
    evidence from Kolkata brothels
    Erschienen: February 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford

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    Schriftenreihe: CSAE working paper ; WPS/2020, 2
    Schlagworte: stigma; self-image; savings; public health; HIV prevention; gender; sex workers,India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (116 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Dynamic impacts of lockdown on domestic violence: evidence from multiple policy shifts in Chile
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We leverage staggered implementation of lockdown across Chile's 346 municipalities, identifying dynamic impacts on domestic violence (DV). Using administrative data, we find lockdown imposition increases indicators of DV-related distress, while... mehr

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    We leverage staggered implementation of lockdown across Chile's 346 municipalities, identifying dynamic impacts on domestic violence (DV). Using administrative data, we find lockdown imposition increases indicators of DV-related distress, while decreasing DV reports to the police. We identify male job loss as a mechanism driving distress, and female job loss as driving decreased reporting. Stimulus payments to poor households act on both margins, their impacts partially differentiated by lockdown status. Once lockdown is lifted, police reports surge but we see a ratchet effect in distress. Our findings accentuate the controversy around welfare impacts of lockdown mandates.

     

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    hdl: 10419/250619
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14958
    Schlagworte: domestic violence; social safety net; public health; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Dynamic impacts of lockdown on domestic violence
    evidence from multiple policy shifts in Chile
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We leverage staggered implementation of lockdown across Chile's 346 municipalities, identifying dynamic impacts on domestic violence. Using administrative data, we find lockdown imposition increases indicators of distress related to domestic... mehr

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    We leverage staggered implementation of lockdown across Chile's 346 municipalities, identifying dynamic impacts on domestic violence. Using administrative data, we find lockdown imposition increases indicators of distress related to domestic violence, while decreasing domestic violence reports to the police. We identify male job loss as a mechanism driving distress, and female job loss as driving decreased reporting. Stimulus payments to poor households act on both margins, their impacts partially differentiated by lockdown status. Once lockdown is lifted, police reports surge but we see a ratchet effect in distress. Our findings accentuate the controversy around welfare impacts of lockdown mandates.

     

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    Medientyp: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789292671297
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249495
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 189
    Schlagworte: domestic violence; social safety net; public health; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Coordenação entre instâncias de governo e o papel do Ministério da Saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Brazil is a federation composed by the Federal Government, twenty-six states and the Federal District and 5,570 municipalities. The organization of the national health system is a shared responsibility of this three spheres of government and must... mehr

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    Brazil is a federation composed by the Federal Government, twenty-six states and the Federal District and 5,570 municipalities. The organization of the national health system is a shared responsibility of this three spheres of government and must comply to the constitutional principles of universal coverage, comprehensiveness and equity, and also with the decentralized management of the the Unified Health System (SUS). This constitutes an immense challenge. To preserve the constitutional principles of the system, several instruments were used to reinforce coordination between the levels of government, among which the transfers of federal resources to states, the Federal District and municipalities. Collegiate management bodies were also organized. Various initiatives and experiences were implemented to improve and conduct a systemic coordination in of the different dimensions of the health system. In this context, this work, based on a narrative review of technical-scientific literature and legal documents, analyzes the experience of the SUS from the following perspectives: i) constitutional and legal foundations that organize the health system; ii) SUS implementation experience, seeking to identify the main advances, problems and challenges; iii) identification of the relevance of federative coordination for the SUS, highlighting, in this sense, the importance of the role of the Federal Government in providing effective support for the achievement of the constitutionally defined principles for the health area, especially in countries with the characteristics of Brazil.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265264
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2745
    Schlagworte: public health; unified health system; intergovernmental relations; federalism; decentralization; federative coordination
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen