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  1. Automation and new tasks
    how technology displaces and reinstates labor
    Autor*in: Acemoglu, Daron; Restrepo, Pascual
    Erschienen: April 12, 2019
    Verlag:  Boston University - Department of Economics, [Boston, MA]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: [IED working papers] ; 315
    Schlagworte: automation; displacement effect; labor demand; inequality; productivity; reinstatement effect; tasks; technology; wages
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The race against the robots and the fallacy of the giant cheesecake
    immediate and imagined impacts of artificial intelligence
    Autor*in: Naudé, Wim
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2019, 005
    Schlagworte: Technology; artificial intelligence; productivity; labor demand; innovation; inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Structural transformation and labor market performance in Ghana
    Autor*in: Mpumelelo Nxumalo; Raju, Dhushyanth
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic... mehr

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    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic pursuits can enhance the effect of structural transformation on economic growth. This study examines Ghana’s recent record of structural transformation and labor market performance. Based on the findings, the study proposes ways to further transform the country’s economy, in a way that stimulates stronger, sustained growth and produces gainful, productive, and inclusive private employment. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and associated global economic crisis have posed a substantial setback to Ghana’s economic progress and plans, but these challenges also underscore the need for structural transformation that can both strengthen economic performance and improve labor conditions and outcomes

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34849
    Schriftenreihe: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 55
    Schlagworte: labor; economic complexity; skills; Employment; enterprises; labor market; structural transformation; labor demand; labor supply; productivity; LABOR SKILLS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Overlooked results on the competitive firm under output price risk
    alternative sufficient conditions for downward sloping factor demand curves
    Autor*in: Watt, Richard
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business and Economics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business and Economics, University of Canterbury ; no. 2020, 11
    Schlagworte: price risk; competitive firms; labor demand
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten)
  5. The effects of COVID-19 on employment, labour markets and gender equality in Central America
    Autor*in: Webster, Allan D.; Khorana, Sangeeta; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study considers the economic impact of Covid-19 on enterprises in four Central American countries - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. At the time of the analysis neither the pandemic nor its economic consequences had fully run... mehr

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    This study considers the economic impact of Covid-19 on enterprises in four Central American countries - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. At the time of the analysis neither the pandemic nor its economic consequences had fully run their course. It is not, therefore, a definitive analysis but it is important to try to draw important lessons as soon as possible. The main focus of the study was the initial impact on labour markets. The analysis was based on World Bank enterprise surveys§ undertaken before the outbreak of Covid-19 and follow-up surveys on the effects of the pandemic, also undertaken by the World Bank. These were combined with data on government containment measures and on morbidity and mortality rates. The use of enterprise data to analyse labour market issues has some limitations but also many strengths. The data is useful for analysing the consequences for gender equality in employment. Since the demand for labour is a derived demand firm level data provides a clear link to labour market effects. The pandemic has caused a significant loss in sales for many firms, This creates a loss of liquidity which, in turn, has caused some firms to reduce employment, working hours and wages. Government containment measures necessary to save lives such as temporary workplace closures have added to the burden for both firms and employees. The study starts by using the surveys to identify the important stylised facts. Although some issues are already well documented anecdotally through media reports this provides a more evidence based approach. It also helps identify several issues, such as the impact on gender equality which have received less journalistic attention. The study is further supported by a regression analysis (OLS and SURE) of several key outcomes (changes in sales, employment, the share of females in employment and firm expectations of survival). A limitation of such analysis with any enterprise level is heterogeneity and, in consequence, a risk of sample selection bias. To provide robustness checks we use a matching approach. The results suggest that a significant proportion of surviving firms are vulnerable to permanent closure. The ability of firms to retain labour depends on sales which are affected by both the pandemic itself and the government containment measures. Only a small proportion of firms have received government support and there is evidence that it could help both firm survival and the retention of labour. There is some doubt whether the four countries have the institutional capacity to provide effective support. If such doubts prove well founded then support may need to be externally driven.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235030
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 865
    Schlagworte: labor demand; temporary closures; furloughs; firm' level data; COVID-19; emergency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  6. Open labor markets and firms' substitution between training apprentices and hiring workers
    Autor*in: Aepli, Manuel; Kuhn, Andreas
    Erschienen: March 2020
    Verlag:  Universität Zürich, IBW - Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Zürich

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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Swiss Leading House ; no. 179
    Schlagworte: immigration; cross-border workers; firm behaviour; labor demand; substitutioneffects; apprenticeship training
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Train drain?
    access to skilled foreign workers and firms' provision of training
    Autor*in: Oswald-Egg, Maria Esther; Siegenthaler, Michael
    Erschienen: 2021-08
    Verlag:  KOF, Zurich, Switzerland

    Does better access to skilled workers reduce firms' willingness to provide general skills training to unskilled workers? We analyze how the gradual opening of the Swiss labor market to workers from the European Union affected the number of... mehr

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    Does better access to skilled workers reduce firms' willingness to provide general skills training to unskilled workers? We analyze how the gradual opening of the Swiss labor market to workers from the European Union affected the number of apprenticeship positions that firms provide. We exploit that the availability of skilled workers increased more in firms close to the border because they gained unrestricted access to cross-border workers from neighboring countries. Our Difference-in-Differences estimates suggest that firm-provided training and access to skilled workers are not necessarily substitutes: opening the borders did not have a statistically significant effect on apprenticeship provision. We show theoretically and empirically that the small impact was the consequence of two opposing effects: the greater availability of skilled workers reduced firms' incentive to train because the cost of hiring external labor fell. Positive impacts on firm growth worked in the opposite direction.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 20.500.11850/501254
    hdl: 10419/251035
    Schriftenreihe: KOF working papers ; no. 495 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: labor demand; skilled immigration; firm-provided training; apprenticeships; vocational education and training; free movement of workers; cross-border workers; recruitment; immigration policy; labor mobility; hiring costs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The effects of COVID-19 on employment, labour markets and gender equality in Central America
    Autor*in: Webster, Allan D.; Khorana, Sangeeta; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study considers the economic impact of Covid-19 on enterprises in four Central American countries – El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. At the time of the analysis neither the pandemic nor its economic consequences had fully run... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
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    This study considers the economic impact of Covid-19 on enterprises in four Central American countries – El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. At the time of the analysis neither the pandemic nor its economic consequences had fully run their course. It is not, therefore, a definitive analysis but it is important to try to draw important lessons as soon as possible. The main focus of the study was the initial impact on labour markets. The analysis was based on World Bank enterprise surveys undertaken before the outbreak of Covid-19 and follow-up surveys on the effects of the pandemic, also undertaken by the World Bank. These were combined with data on government containment measures and on morbidity and mortality rates. The use of enterprise data to analyse labour market issues has some limitations but also many strengths. The data is useful for analysing the consequences for gender equality in employment. Since the demand for labour is a derived demand firm level data provides a clear link to labour market effects. The pandemic has caused a significant loss in sales for many firms, This creates a loss of liquidity which, in turn, has caused some firms to reduce employment, working hours and wages. Government containment measures necessary to save lives such as temporary workplace closures have added to the burden for both firms and employees. The study starts by using the surveys to identify the important stylised facts. Although some issues are already well documented anecdotally through media reports this provides a more evidence based approach. It also helps identify several issues, such as the impact on gender equality which have received less journalistic attention. The study is further supported by a regression analysis (OLS and SURE) of several key outcomes (changes in sales, employment, the share of females in employment and firm expectations of survival). A limitation of such analysis with any enterprise level is heterogeneity and, in consequence, a risk of sample selection bias. To provide robustness checks we use a matching approach. The results suggest that a significant proportion of surviving firms are vulnerable to permanent closure. The ability of firms to retain labour depends on sales which are affected by both the pandemic itself and the government containment measures. Only a small proportion of firms have received government support and there is evidence that it could help both firm survival and the retention of labour. There is some doubt whether the four countries have the institutional capacity to provide effective support. If such doubts prove well founded then support may need to be externally driven.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236512
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14481
    Schlagworte: labor demand; temporary closures; furloughs; firm-level data; COVID-19; emergency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten)
  9. Train drain?
    access to skilled foreign workers and firms' provision of training
    Autor*in: Oswald-Egg, Maria Esther; Siegenthaler, Michael
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  Universität Zürich, IBW - Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Zürich

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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Swiss Leading House ; no. 186
    Schlagworte: labor demand; skilled immigration; firm-provided training; apprenticeships; vocational education and training; free movement of workers; cross-border workers; recruitment; immigration policy; labor mobility; hiring costs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Structural transformation and labor market performance in Ghana
    Autor*in: Mpumelelo Nxumalo; Raju, Dhushyanth
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic pursuits can enhance the effect of structural transformation on economic growth. This study examines Ghana’s recent record of structural transformation and labor market performance. Based on the findings, the study proposes ways to further transform the country’s economy, in a way that stimulates stronger, sustained growth and produces gainful, productive, and inclusive private employment. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and associated global economic crisis have posed a substantial setback to Ghana’s economic progress and plans, but these challenges also underscore the need for structural transformation that can both strengthen economic performance and improve labor conditions and outcomes

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34849
    Schriftenreihe: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 55
    Schlagworte: labor; economic complexity; skills; Employment; enterprises; labor market; structural transformation; labor demand; labor supply; productivity; LABOR SKILLS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Missing aggregate dynamics
    on the slow convergence of lumpy adjustment models
    Autor*in: Berger, David; Caballero, Ricardo J.; Engel, Eduardo
    Erschienen: noviembre de 2015
    Verlag:  Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Economía, Santiago

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Serie documentos de trabajo / Universidad de Chile, Facultad Economía y Negocios, Departamento de Economía ; SDT 412
    Schlagworte: Aggregate dynamics; persistence; lumpy adjustment; idiosyncratic shocks; aggregation; aggregate shocks; sectoral shocks; Calvo model; Ss model; inflation; investment; labor demand; sticky prices; biased impulse response functions; vector autoregressions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Employment effects of foreign direct investment
    new evidence from Central and Eastern European countries
    Autor*in: Jude, Cristina; Pop Silaghi, Monica Ioana
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Banque de France, Paris

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Document de travail / Banque de France ; 553
    Schlagworte: FDI; employment; labor demand; transition countries; dynamic panel
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (35 S.), graph. Darst.
    Bemerkung(en):

    Zsfassung in franz. Sprache
  13. Unemployment, underemployment, and employment opportunities
    results from a correspondence audit
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Auburn Univ., Dep. of Economics, Auburn, Ala.

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Auburn University, Department of Economics ; 2015,13
    Schlagworte: unemployment; underemployment; duration dependence; labor demand; employment; internships; field experiments; correspondence studies; resume audits
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (77 S.)
  14. Can the labor demand curve explain job polarization?
    Autor*in: Peichl, Andreas; Popp, Martin
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In recent decades, many industrialized economies have witnessed a pattern of job polarization. While shifts in labor demand, namely routinization or offshoring, constitute conventional explanations for job polarization, there is little research on... mehr

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    DS 63
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    In recent decades, many industrialized economies have witnessed a pattern of job polarization. While shifts in labor demand, namely routinization or offshoring, constitute conventional explanations for job polarization, there is little research on whether shifts in labor supply along the labor demand curve may equally result in job polarization. In this study, we assess the impact of labor supply shifts on job polarization. To this end, we determine unconditional wage elasticities of labor demand from a unique estimation of a profit-maximization model on linked employer-employee data from Germany. Unlike standard practice, we explicitly allow for variations in output and find that negative scale effects matter. Both for a skill- and a novel task-based division of the workforce, our elasticity estimates show that supply shifts from immigration and a decline in collective bargaining successfully explain occupational employment patterns during the 1990s.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263729
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9799 (2022)
    Schlagworte: labor demand; job polarization; skills; tasks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The effect of overtime regulations on employment
    strictly controlling overtime hours and pay does not boost employment - it could even lower it
    Autor*in: Oaxaca, Ronald L.; Sagyndykova, Galiya
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Regulation of standard workweek hours and overtime hours and pay can protect workers who might otherwise be required to work more than they would like to at the going rate. By discouraging the use of overtime, such regulation can increase the... mehr

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    Regulation of standard workweek hours and overtime hours and pay can protect workers who might otherwise be required to work more than they would like to at the going rate. By discouraging the use of overtime, such regulation can increase the standard hourly wage of some workers and encourage work sharing that increases employment, with particular advantages for female workers. However, regulation of overtime raises employment costs, setting in motion economic forces that can limit, neutralize, or even reduce employment. And increasing the coverage of overtime pay regulations has little effect on the share of workers who work overtime or on weekly overtime hours per worker

     
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    hdl: 10419/260675
    Schriftenreihe: IZA world of labor ; 2020, 89v2
    Schlagworte: overtime; wages; labor demand; employment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Do labor costs affect companies' demand for labor?
    overtime penalties, payroll taxes, and other labor policies alter costs and change employment and output
    Autor*in: Hamermesh, Daniel S.
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Higher labor costs (higher wage rates and employee benefits) make workers better off, but they can reduce companies' profits, the number of jobs, and the hours each person works. The minimum wage, overtime pay, payroll taxes, and hiring subsidies are... mehr

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    DSP 128
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    Higher labor costs (higher wage rates and employee benefits) make workers better off, but they can reduce companies' profits, the number of jobs, and the hours each person works. The minimum wage, overtime pay, payroll taxes, and hiring subsidies are just a few of the policies that affect labor costs. Policies that increase labor costs can substantially affect both employment and hours, in individual companies as well as in the overall economy.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260670
    Schriftenreihe: IZA world of labor ; 2021, 3v2
    Schlagworte: labor demand; wages; employee benefits
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Pandemics, global supply chains, and local labor demand
    evidence from 100 million posted jobs in China
    Autor*in: Fang, Hanming; Ge, Chunmian; Huang, Hanwei; Li, Hongbin
    Erschienen: October 29, 2020
    Verlag:  Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

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    Schriftenreihe: PIER working paper ; 20, 035
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; labor demand; global supply chains; trade
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Can the labor demand curve explain job polarization?
    Autor*in: Peichl, Andreas; Popp, Martin
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In recent decades, many industrialized economies have witnessed a pattern of job polarization. While shifts in labor demand, namely routinization or offshoring, constitute conventional explanations for job polarization, there is little research on... mehr

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    In recent decades, many industrialized economies have witnessed a pattern of job polarization. While shifts in labor demand, namely routinization or offshoring, constitute conventional explanations for job polarization, there is little research on whether shifts in labor supply along the labor demand curve may equally result in job polarization. In this study, we assess the impact of labor supply shifts on job polarization. To this end, we determine unconditional wage elasticities of labor demand from a unique estimation of a profit-maximization model on linked employer-employee data from Germany. Unlike standard practice, we explicitly allow for variations in output and find that negative scale effects matter. Both for a skill- and a novel task-based division of the workforce, our elasticity estimates show that supply shifts from immigration and a decline in collective bargaining successfully explain occupational employment patterns during the 1990s.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263577
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15361
    Schlagworte: labor demand; job polarization; skills; tasks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The interplay between green policy, electricity prices, financial constraints and jobs
    firm-level evidence
    Autor*in: Bijnens, Gert; Hutchinson, John; Konings, Jozef; Saint-Guilhem, Arthur
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  National Bank of Belgium, Brussels

    Increased investment in clean electricity generation or the introduction of a carbon tax will most likely lead to higher electricity prices. We examine the effect from changing electricity prices on manufacturing employment. Analyzing firm-level... mehr

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    Increased investment in clean electricity generation or the introduction of a carbon tax will most likely lead to higher electricity prices. We examine the effect from changing electricity prices on manufacturing employment. Analyzing firm-level data, we find that rising electricity prices lead to a negative impact on labor demand and investment in sectors most reliant on electricity as an input factor. Since these sectors are unevenly spread across countries and regions, the labor impact will also be unevenly spread with the highest impact in Southern Germany and Northern Italy. We also identify an additional channel that leads to heterogeneous responses. When electricity prices rise, financially constrained firms reduce employment more than less constrained firms. This implies a potentially mitigating role for monetary policy.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper research / National Bank of Belgium ; no 399 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: environmental regulation; labor demand; employment; manufacturing industry; monetary policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. The labour market impact of COVID-19: early evidence for a sample of enterprises from Southern Europe
    Autor*in: Webster, Allan D.; Khorana, Sangeeta; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study uses evidence from World Bank enterprise surveys of a sample of firms from six countries in Southern Europe. It examines the early evidence of the effects of Covid-19 on labour markets. The evidence and the analysis are provided at a time... mehr

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    This study uses evidence from World Bank enterprise surveys of a sample of firms from six countries in Southern Europe. It examines the early evidence of the effects of Covid-19 on labour markets. The evidence and the analysis are provided at a time when the pandemic is still in progress. The future progress of Covid-19 and government containment measures is uncertain, and the full economic consequences will probably continue to emerge after the end of the pandemic. The full extent of the impact on labour will probably not be the first of these. Nonetheless the possibility of learning lessons from the early stages of the pandemic is sufficiently important to make the exercise valuable. The study suggests that, despite efforts to support firms and hoard labour, there is a prospect of a significant number of firm closures with a consequent loss of employment. Temporary firm closures also represent a substantial loss of labour weeks. These are partly related to a significant number of workers subject to furloughs. Both temporary closures and furloughs impose costs that will be borne by firms, workers and government. The effects of Covid-19 on firms differ across sectors. Adverse effects tend to be higher in hospitality, non-essential retail and travel. A degree of gender segregation means that these are sectors with a high proportion of female workers and, in consequence, most of the countries in the sample exhibit an early decline of the share of women in employment. That many firms lack the capacity to survive further temporary closures of a similar duration to those in the earlier stages emphasises that the support provided in the near future is of critical importance to control employment losses through permanent firm closures.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236300
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14269
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Beschäftigungseffekt; Liquidation; Kündigung; Kroatien; Zypern; Griechenland; Italien; Malta; Portugal; labor demand; temporary closures; furloughs; firm' level data; COVID-19; emergency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)
  21. Minimum wages in concentrated labor markets
    Autor*in: Popp, Martin
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  BGPE, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics, Erlangen-Nuremberg

    Economists increasingly refer to monopsony power to reconcile the absence of negativeemployment effects of minimum wages with theory. However, systematic evidence for themonopsony argument is scarce. In this paper, I perform a comprehensive test of... mehr

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    Economists increasingly refer to monopsony power to reconcile the absence of negativeemployment effects of minimum wages with theory. However, systematic evidence for themonopsony argument is scarce. In this paper, I perform a comprehensive test of monop-sony theory by using labor market concentration as a proxy for monopsony power. Labormarket concentration turns out substantial in Germany. Absent wage floors, a 10 per-cent increase in labor market concentration makes firms reduce wages by 0.5 percentand employment by 1.6 percent, reflecting monopsonistic exploitation. In line with per-fect competition, sectoral minimum wages lead to negative employment effects in slightlyconcentrated labor markets. This effect weakens with increasing concentration and, ulti-mately, becomes positive in highly concentrated or monopsonistic markets. Overall, theresults lend empirical support to the monopsony argument, implying that conventionalminimum wage effects on employment conceal heterogeneity across market forms.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272342
    Schriftenreihe: BGPE discussion paper ; no. 214
    Schlagworte: minimum wage; labor market concentration; monopsony; labor demand
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 102 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The labor market effects of part-time contributions to social security: evidence from Colombia
    Autor*in: Samaniego de la Parra, Brenda; Otero-Cortés, Andrea; Fabio Morales, Leonardo
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Banco de la República Colombia, Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales (CEER), Cartagena

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo sobre economía regional y urbana ; no. 302 (October, 2021)
    Schlagworte: Labor informality; tax policy; part-time work; labor demand; non-wage labor costs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The distributional and employment impacts of nationwide minimum wage changes
    Autor*in: Cribb, Jonathan; Giupponi, Giulia; Joyce, Robert; Lindner, Attila; Waters, Tom; Wernham, Thomas; Xu, Xiaowei
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We estimate the effect of the introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage in 2016, and increases in it up to 2019, using a new empirical method. We apply a bunching approach to a setting with no geographical variation in minimum wage rates. We... mehr

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    We estimate the effect of the introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage in 2016, and increases in it up to 2019, using a new empirical method. We apply a bunching approach to a setting with no geographical variation in minimum wage rates. We effectively compare employment changes in each part of the wage distribution in low-wage areas to employment changes among similar workers living in higher-wage areas who are less exposed to increases in the national minimum wage because their nominal wages are further above it. We find substantial positive wage effects, including statistically significant spillovers up to around the 20th percentile of wages. Overall we find small negative effects on employment which are not statistically significant. We combine these estimates with a tax and benefit microsimulation model to estimate the impact on household incomes. The largest gains go to the middle of the overall working-age income distribution, though they are more concentrated within the bottom third if we consider only households with someone in paid work. The gains to poorer working households are limited by the withdrawal of means tested benefits as earnings increase. Effects of minimum wages on household incomes are very sensitive to the size of employment effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/254249
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 48
    Schlagworte: minimum wage; labor demand; income inequality; poverty
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Managerial input and firm performance
    evidence from a policy experiment
    Autor*in: Manaresi, Francesco; Palma, Alessandro; Salvatici, Luca; Scrutinio, Vincenzo
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1871 (October 2022)
    Schlagworte: SMEs; export subsidy; labor demand; natural experiment; click-day
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Microentrepreneurs' gender difference in labor demand
    Autor*in: Oladipo, Oluwasheyi; Shim, Hyoung Suk
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper empirically examines firm owners' gender difference in labor demand. We estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of female ownership on employment of the firm using the 2007 Survey of Business Owners (SBO) Public Use Micro Sample... mehr

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    This paper empirically examines firm owners' gender difference in labor demand. We estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of female ownership on employment of the firm using the 2007 Survey of Business Owners (SBO) Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS), provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. Because female microentrepreneurs potentially demand more labor so as to allocate time for household production, we hypothesize a condition under which female microentrepreneurs employ more, and that is, if they are free from financial constraints. We show first that the estimation of the ATE for female ownership can have a downward selection bias that may yield negative ATE estimates, and this downward selection bias comes from male owners being less financially constrained than female owners. We then perform the two-stage least squares (TSLS) estimation using two sets of instrumental variables (IVs), which are indicator variables for i) inheritance; and ii) loans from bank or family/friend. The estimation results present that the female owner effect on labor demand as local average treatment effect (LATE) is identified and consistently estimated by using the IVs. From the main model estimation, we find a positive and statistically significant female owner effect that female owners hire more employees than male owners by about 25.8%.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267427
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15690
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; gender; labor demand; startups
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen