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  1. Ist das DVL-Modell "Gemeinwohlprämie" als potenzielle Ökoregelung der GAP nach 2020 geeignet?
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Braunschweig

    In der vorliegenden Stellungnahme untersuchen die Autor*innen im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, ob und wie inwieweit das Modell der Gemeinwohlprämie des Deutschen Verbands für Landschaftspflege für eine Umsetzung im... mehr

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    In der vorliegenden Stellungnahme untersuchen die Autor*innen im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, ob und wie inwieweit das Modell der Gemeinwohlprämie des Deutschen Verbands für Landschaftspflege für eine Umsetzung im Rahmen der Öko-Regelungen der GAP nach 2020 geeignet ist. Hierzu werden die rechtliche und verwaltungstechnische Umsetzbarkeit untersucht und die Umweltwirksamkeit mit Fokus auf Biodiversitäts- und Klimaschutz, die Auswirkungen auf einzelbetriebliche Einkommen und die Wirkung auf die betriebliche und regionale Mittelumverteilung abgeschätzt. Der Ansatz der Gemeinwohlprämie ist prinzipiell geeignet, um die Erbringung von Gemeinwohlleistungen über das Instrument der Ökoregelungen zu fördern und er ist mit einigen Anpassungen als Ökoregelung nach Art. 28 (6) a der (COM, 2018) umsetzbar. Im Vergleich zu den im Papier der Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe „Weiterentwicklung der GAP“ (BLAG, 2020) dargelegten Optionen lässt sich mithilfe der Gemeinwohlprämie voraussichtlich ein deutlich höheres Niveau an Umweltleistungen bei gegebenen Mitteleinsatz realisieren. Ferner kann das System dynamisch weiterentwickelt und um neue Gemeinwohlleistungen ergänzt werden. Auch kann die Gewichtung einzelner Maßnahmen durch Anpassung ihrer Punktwerte über die Zeit erfolgen, ohne einen Systemwechsel zu vollziehen. In this scientific opinion, the authors, on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, examine whether and to what extent the model of the Public Goods Bonus developed by the German Landcare Association is suitable for implementation as Eco-Scheme within the CAP after 2020. For this purpose, we analyse the legal and administrative feasibility and the environmental effectiveness with a focus on biodiversity and climate protection. In addition, we estimate the effects on individual farm incomes and the effect on farm and regional redistribution of support payments. In principle, the approach of the public goods premium is suitable to promote the provision of public goods services via the instrument of eco-schemes and it can be implemented with some adjustments as an eco-scheme according to Art. 28 (6) a of the (COM, 2018). Compared to the options presented in the paper of the Bund-Länder Working Group on the ‘Development of the CAP’ (BLAG, 2020), the Public Goods Bonus is likely to achieve a significantly higher level of environmental services for a given budget. Furthermore, the system can be dynamically developed and new public goods can be successively included. The weighting of individual measures can also be adjusted over time by adjusting their point values without changing the underlying architecture.

     

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    Sprache: Deutsch
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    hdl: 10419/231421
    Schriftenreihe: Thünen working paper ; 166
    Schlagworte: Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik; Öffentliche Güter; Biodiversität; Deutschland; Common Agricultural Policy; Public Goods; biodiversity; Germany
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (85 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Building back better
    how big are green spending multipliers?
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper provides estimates of output multipliers for spending in clean energy and biodiversity conservation, as well as for spending on non-ecofriendly energy and land use activities. Using a new international dataset, we find that every dollar... mehr

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    This paper provides estimates of output multipliers for spending in clean energy and biodiversity conservation, as well as for spending on non-ecofriendly energy and land use activities. Using a new international dataset, we find that every dollar spent on key carbon-neutral or carbon-sink activities can generate more than a dollar's worth of economic activity. Although not all green and non-ecofriendly expenditures in the dataset are strictly comparable due to data limitations, estimated multipliers associated with spending on renewable and fossil fuel energy investment are comparable, and the former (1.1-1.5) are larger than the latter (0.5-0.6) with over 90 percent probability. These findings survive several robustness checks and lend support to bottom-up analyses arguing that stabilizing climate and reversing biodiversity loss are not at odds with continuing economic advances

     

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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 87
    Schlagworte: green multiplier; green stimulus; clean energy; conservation spending; nuclear energy; biodiversity; nature-based solutions; agricultural subsidies; fossil fuels; Bayesian Analysis; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Climate, biodiversity, inequalities…
    how to steer the SDGs back on track
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Éditions AFD, Paris, France

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    hdl: 11159/5585
    Schriftenreihe: Policy paper / Agence française de développement ; no. 7 (July 2021)
    Schlagworte: sustainable development goals; 2030 Agenda; climate; biodiversity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The steaks are high: reducing meat consumption by changing physical and economic environments to increase vegetarian sales
    Erschienen: July 2020

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    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    Schlagworte: climate change; meat; livestock; biodiversity; cafeterias; vegetarian; vegan; plant-based; sustainable diets; behaviour change; behavioural economics; psychology
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 199 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2020

  5. Transformative change for a sustainable management of global commons - biodiversity, forests and the ocean
    recommendations for international cooperation based on a review of global assessment reports and project experience

    Global scientific assessments increasingly reach the conclusion that transformative change of global production and consumption systems is necessary to safeguard and maintain global commons, such as biodiversity, natural forests and the ocean, and to... mehr

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    Global scientific assessments increasingly reach the conclusion that transformative change of global production and consumption systems is necessary to safeguard and maintain global commons, such as biodiversity, natural forests and the ocean, and to stabilise climate at the global scale. Against this background the present study analyses the conclusions of global assessments and derives recommendations on how to increase the transformative potential of international negotiations and agreements as well as development cooperation programs, projects, and initiatives. The study develops a conceptual framework building on the academic literature and argues that interventions are much more likely to achieve transformation to sustainability if they are embedded within a more comprehensive framing of transformative change consisting of 1. a compelling transformative vision, 2. knowledge on systemic change, 3. navigation of the dynamics inherent in changing development pathways, and 4. emancipated agency providing room for inclusive deliberation and 5. combine transformative modes of governance. The study identifies core challenges and gaps for the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity in general and for forests and the ocean by (i) examining the recommendations from global assessments and reports on the state of nature and the environment, and (ii) by analysing international cooperation projects for biodiversity, forests and the ocean with regard to their transformative potential. Finally, the study provides recommendations on how Germany can support transformation in the context of international and development cooperation.

     

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260403
    Schriftenreihe: UFZ report ; 2021, 3
    Schlagworte: sustainable development; biodiversity; forests; the ocean; ecosystems; transformative change; SDGs; sustainability goals; global assessments; global commons; sustainability transformation; policy measures; German Development cooperation; governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (154 Seiten, 13,84 MB), Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
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    Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 143-152

    A project implemented and a publication produced with the support of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

  6. Optimising agricultural food production and biodiversity in European landscapes : report of an online-workshop
    Beteiligt: Alix, Anne (HerausgeberIn); Bylemans, Dany (HerausgeberIn); Dauber, Jens (HerausgeberIn); Dohmen, Peter (HerausgeberIn); Knauer, Katja (HerausgeberIn); Maltby, Lorraine (HerausgeberIn); Mayer, Christoph J. (HerausgeberIn); Pepiette, Zelie (HerausgeberIn); Smith, Balthasar (HerausgeberIn)
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Johann-Heinrich-von-Thünen-Institut, Braunschweig

    An intrinsic feature of agriculture is the alteration of biodiversity within the cultivated area in favour of the production of the crop species. Ploughing, mechanical weeding or the use of herbicides, for example, reduce plant diversity and... mehr

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    An intrinsic feature of agriculture is the alteration of biodiversity within the cultivated area in favour of the production of the crop species. Ploughing, mechanical weeding or the use of herbicides, for example, reduce plant diversity and abundance, and influence other species that rely on these plants for food or habitat. However, both food security and biodiversity are important for human health and wellbeing. The overarching question is how can negative influences of agriculture on biodiversity be reduced and positive interactions be enhanced toward an efficient and sustainable food production. That is, how can we optimise (European) landscapes for food production and biodiversity. Identifying a consensual and targeted solution to this optimisation problem requires the involvement of all relevant stakeholders in an open discussion informed by data and science. To this end a participatory workshop with a professional independent facilitator was organised under the auspices of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) with participants from a range of affiliations from academia, authorities, farming, industry and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Participants were invited for their general or specific expertise and scientific knowledge and not simply to represent their institutions. To generate a truly collaborative and creative environment for discussion, significant time was allocated to trust building, articulating different perspectives, problem formulation and defining harmonised principles and criteria. The workshop was organised into four virtual workshops of half-day sessions spread between December 2020 and June 2021. Through a process of visualisation, polarity mapping and reconciliation, differing perspectives on the advantages and limitations of managing agricultural landscapes for either biodiversity or food production were collated and ways to reduce potential conflicts discussed; the emerging themes being communication, education, collaboration, integration, application and incentivisation. Codeveloped agricultural scenarios were used to successfully identify approaches that would enable maintaining efficient and sufficient food production in Europe whilst significantly improving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Whilst many of the approaches identified were already in place, new (combinations of) approaches and ways to improve their implementation were identified. These included tailoring solutions to local needs and conditions, incentivising farmers to adopt specific approaches and using living laboratories to demonstrate the effectiveness of combining multiple approaches at scale. The workshop proposals and recommendations, which were agreed across all stakeholders, will contribute to reducing barriers to implementation of solutions and accelerating progress towards reaching the shared goal of optimising food production and biodiversity in European agricultural landscapes.

     

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    Beteiligt: Alix, Anne (HerausgeberIn); Bylemans, Dany (HerausgeberIn); Dauber, Jens (HerausgeberIn); Dohmen, Peter (HerausgeberIn); Knauer, Katja (HerausgeberIn); Maltby, Lorraine (HerausgeberIn); Mayer, Christoph J. (HerausgeberIn); Pepiette, Zelie (HerausgeberIn); Smith, Balthasar (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783865762467
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266452
    Schriftenreihe: Thünen-Report ; 98
    Schlagworte: agriculture; biodiversity; food production; farming; land management; scenarios; co-development; tailored solutions; incentives; sustainability
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (164 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on Europe's forest-based bioeconomy
    Erschienen: August, 2022
    Verlag:  The Royal Institute of Technology, Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS), [Stockholm]

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    Schriftenreihe: CESIS electronic working paper series ; paper no. 491
    Schlagworte: Bioeconomy; biodiversity; climate-change; forest management; sustainability
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Integrating the value of natural capital in evidence-based policy making
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Environment, Rural Development and Risk Management Division, [Washington, DC]

    This paper describes how Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) can be integrated into economy wide analytical frameworks to enhance evidence based decision making. Examples from applications of the Integrated Environmental Economic Modelling (IEEM)... mehr

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    This paper describes how Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) can be integrated into economy wide analytical frameworks to enhance evidence based decision making. Examples from applications of the Integrated Environmental Economic Modelling (IEEM) Platform show how explicitly accounting for the contributions of the environment to the economy in economic forecasting can lead to substantially different policy recommendations, overcoming some of the scope limitations of traditional economic performance analysis. Furthermore, the paper describes how NCA can be integrated into more traditional economic performance measurements, such as the System of National Accounts and their indicators such as adjusted Gross Domestic Product and Genuine Savings. Integration of natural capital into economy-wide analytical frameworks leads to better policy uptake of research findings and it empowers policymakers to avoid short-sighted decisions, which, although they can generate short-term economic gain, can have adverse consequences for economic, social, and environmental sustainability in the long run.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237443
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01125
    Schlagworte: Natural capital; biodiversity; wealth inequality; ecosystem service; gross domestic product; reforestation; social network analysis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Methods for modeling public policy and investment impacts on the economy, natural capital and ecosystem services
    Erschienen: November 2020
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Environment, Rural Development, Environment and Disaster Risk Management Division, [Washington, DC]

    The year 2020 is a critical year for sustainable development policy and practice with the review and renewal of various international commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Paris... mehr

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    The year 2020 is a critical year for sustainable development policy and practice with the review and renewal of various international commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Paris Agreement. The post-2020 agenda needs to be informed by more robust analytical approaches that capture the interactions between the economy, society and the environment. In this paper, we review the state of the art in available models and datasets that lay the groundwork for future analytical work to inform this agenda. Based on this review, we propose an integrated modeling approach for global analysis to underpin international policy discourse and advocacy, and; a sub-global approach focusing on evaluating specific strategies and policy portfolios to make progress toward sustainability commitments considering detailed local country context. Both approaches rely on integrating whole of economy computable general equilibrium models with spatial land use land cover and ecosystem services models. Endogenizing feedbacks between modeling system components ensures that evidence is based on interactions between all system components. Recent advances in methods, data and available tools discussed herein reduce barriers to entry for this type of complex systems analysis and increases the timeliness of policy advice.

     

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    hdl: 10419/237442
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01124
    Schlagworte: natural capital; biodiversity; ecosystem services; integrated economic-environmental modeling; The IEEM Platform; GTAP; computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling; ecosystem services modeling; land use land cover (LULC) c hange modeling
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. An evaluation of protected area policies in the European Union
    Erschienen: 04 December 2023
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18656
    Schlagworte: land protection; conservation; biodiversity; deforestation; vegetation cover; night-lights; staggered difference-in-differences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. An evaluation of protected area policies in the European Union
    Erschienen: December 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The European Union designates 26% of its landmass as a protected area, limiting economic development to favor biodiversity. This paper uses the staggered introduction of protected-area policies between 1985 and 2020 to study the selection of land for... mehr

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    The European Union designates 26% of its landmass as a protected area, limiting economic development to favor biodiversity. This paper uses the staggered introduction of protected-area policies between 1985 and 2020 to study the selection of land for protection and the causal effect of protection on vegetation cover and nightlights. Our results reveal protection did not affect the outcomes in any meaningful way across four decades, all countries, protection cohorts, and a wide range of land and climate attributes. We conclude that European conservation efforts lack ambition because policymakers select land for protection not threatened by development.

     

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    hdl: 10419/282508
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10820 (2023)
    Schlagworte: land protection; conservation; biodiversity; deforestation; vegetation cover; nightlights; staggered difference-in-differences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Building back better
    how big are green spending multipliers?
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper provides estimates of output multipliers for spending in clean energy and biodiversity conservation, as well as for spending on non-ecofriendly energy and land use activities. Using a new international dataset, we find that every dollar... mehr

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    This paper provides estimates of output multipliers for spending in clean energy and biodiversity conservation, as well as for spending on non-ecofriendly energy and land use activities. Using a new international dataset, we find that every dollar spent on key carbon-neutral or carbon-sink activities can generate more than a dollar's worth of economic activity. Although not all green and non-ecofriendly expenditures in the dataset are strictly comparable due to data limitations, estimated multipliers associated with spending on renewable and fossil fuel energy investment are comparable, and the former (1.1-1.5) are larger than the latter (0.5-0.6) with over 90 percent probability. These findings survive several robustness checks and lend support to bottom-up analyses arguing that stabilizing climate and reversing biodiversity loss are not at odds with continuing economic advances

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781513574462
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 87
    Schlagworte: green multiplier; green stimulus; clean energy; conservation spending; nuclear energy; biodiversity; nature-based solutions; agricultural subsidies; fossil fuels; Bayesian Analysis; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The environmental impacts of protected area policy
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The world has pledged to protect 30 percent of its land and waters by 2030 to halt the rapid deterioration of critical ecosystems. We summarize the state of knowledge about the impacts of protected area policies, with a focus on deforestation and... mehr

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    The world has pledged to protect 30 percent of its land and waters by 2030 to halt the rapid deterioration of critical ecosystems. We summarize the state of knowledge about the impacts of protected area policies, with a focus on deforestation and vegetation cover. We discuss critical issues around data and measurement, identify the most commonly-used empirical methods, and summarize empirical evidence across multiple regions of the world. In most cases, protection has had at most a modest impact on forest cover, with stronger effects in areas that face pressure of economic development. We then identify several open areas for research to advance our understanding of the effectiveness of protected area policies: the use of promising recent econometric advancements, shifting focus to direct measures of biodiversity, filling the knowledge gap on the effect of protected area policy in advanced economies, investigating the long-run impacts of protection, and understanding its equilibrium effects.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282461
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10773 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Naturschutzgebiet; Umweltschutz; Waldschutz; Entwaldung; Artenvielfalt; Umweltpolitik; Wirkungsanalyse; Welt; protected areas; land protection; deforestation; biodiversity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. An evaluation of protected area policies in the European Union
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1490
    Schlagworte: land protection; conservation; biodiversity; deforestation; vegetation cover; nightlights; staggered difference-in-differences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Ecosystem services may provide large economic values in Kenya and Vietnam
    a value transfer application based on results from a systematic literature review
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: IFPRI discussion paper ; 02228 (December 2023)
    Schlagworte: biodiversity; deforestation; ecosystem services; ecosystems; forests; Kenya; policy,valuation; value transfer; Vietnam
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The firms' integration process of the twin pillars of environmental sustainability
    climate change and biodiversity loss
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Lund

    This study examines the integration of climate change and biodiversity into business strategies and governance structures of listed firms on the Swedish stock exchange NasdaqOMX Large Cap. The results show clear disparities in the level of... mehr

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    This study examines the integration of climate change and biodiversity into business strategies and governance structures of listed firms on the Swedish stock exchange NasdaqOMX Large Cap. The results show clear disparities in the level of integration and the factors driving the integration process. All, but a few small firms, have integrated climate change into business strategies, and are ahead in the process of integrating it into governance structures. Biodiversity integration is lagging behind the integration of climate change. We also find that the integration process depends on the sustainability competences within the board unlike climate change when the board composition is less important. Additionally, our results show that firms require external pressures from, e.g., regulations to integrate biodiversity and climate change into business strategies and governance structures.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Lund University ; 2024, 2
    Schlagworte: biodiversity; climate change; sustainable finance; business strategy; governance structures; CSRD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  17. How valuable are national parks?
    evidence from a proposed national park expansion in Alaska
    Erschienen: Jul 2017
    Verlag:  Tulane University, Department of Economics, New Orleans, LA

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Tulane Economics working paper series ; 1707
    Schlagworte: National Parks; willingness-to-pay; nature conservation; contingent valuation; biodiversity; environmental policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen