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  1. Redistribution across Europe
    how much and to whom?
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMOD-based microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the... mehr

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    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMOD-based microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the pensioner and non-pensioner populations, (b) study the position of net beneficiaries in the overall income distribution and (c) analyse how taxes and benefits affect the working-age population with low income. Our results provide novel insights into the distributive role of tax-benefit systems across Europe. Interestingly, a strong overall redistribution between households is associated with generous pensions for a portion of the retirees but negatively related to support for low-income households.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246814
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 988
    Schlagworte: Redistribution; Welfare state; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. COVID-19 and (gender) inequality in income
    the impact of discretionary policy measures in Austria
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Kucsera, Dénes; Lorenz, Hanno
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on household income in Austria, using detailed administrative labor market data, in combination with micro-simulation techniques, that enable specific labor market transitions to be modeled. We... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on household income in Austria, using detailed administrative labor market data, in combination with micro-simulation techniques, that enable specific labor market transitions to be modeled. We find that discretionary fiscal policy measures in Austria are key to counteracting the inequality- and poverty-enhancing effect of COVID-19. Additionally, we find that females tend to experience a greater loss in terms of market income. The Austrian tax-benefit system, however, reduces this gender differences. Disposable income has dropped by around 1% for both males and females. By comparison, males profit mainly from short-time work scheme, while females profit especially from other discretionary policy measures, such as the one-off payment for children.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/238110
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 917
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; EUROMOD; micro-simulation; STW; automatic stabilizers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The role of short-time work and discretionary policy measures in mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 crisis in Germany
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Hufkens, Tine; Peichl, Andreas; Ricci, Mattia
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    In this paper, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on German household income using a micro-level approach. We combine a microsimulation model with labour market transition techniques to simulate the COVID-19 shock on the German labour... mehr

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    In this paper, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on German household income using a micro-level approach. We combine a microsimulation model with labour market transition techniques to simulate the COVID-19 shock on the German labour market. We find the consequences of the labour market shock to be highly regressive with a strong impact on the poorest households. However, this effect is nearly entirely offset by automatic stabilisers and discretionary policy measures. We explore the cushioning effect of these policies in detail, showing that short-time working schemes and especially the one-off payments for children are effective in cushioning the income loss of the poor.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252320
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2021, 04
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; EUROMOD; microsimulation; STW; automatic stabilisers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. COVID-19 and (gender) inequality in income
    the impact of discretionary policy measures in Austria
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Kucsera, Denés; Lorenz, Hanno
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    This paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on household income in Austria, using detailed administrative labor market data, in combination with micro-simulation techniques, that enable specific labor market transitions to be modeled. We... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on household income in Austria, using detailed administrative labor market data, in combination with micro-simulation techniques, that enable specific labor market transitions to be modeled. We find that discretionary fiscal policy measures in Austria are key to counteracting the inequality- and poverty-enhancing effect of COVID-19. Additionally, we find that females tend to experience a greater loss in terms of market income. The Austrian tax-benefit system, however, reduces this gender differences. Disposable income has dropped by around 1% for both males and females. By comparison, males profit mainly from short-time work scheme, while females profit especially from other discretionary policy measures, such as the one-off payment for children.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252321
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2021, 05
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; EUROMOD; micro-simulation; STW; automatic stabilizers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Income support to families with children in Spain
    Autor*in: Hernández, Adrian; Picos, Fidel
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    Families with children receive support from the tax-benefit system to a different extent across countries. In Spain, child poverty remains high as compared to other EU countries, possibly pointing to a weaker role of the public sector in providing... mehr

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    Families with children receive support from the tax-benefit system to a different extent across countries. In Spain, child poverty remains high as compared to other EU countries, possibly pointing to a weaker role of the public sector in providing income support to families with children. In this paper we provide an in-depth assessment of the income support to families with children in Spain. We distinguish between three different forms of income support: (1) benefits aimed to ease the cost of raising children (child-related benefits); (2) supplements to other benefits due to having children (non-child-related benefits); and (3) tax reliefs (allowances and/or tax credits) reducing the tax burden of families with children (child-related tax reliefs). To measure these three dimensions, we use EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the EU. We follow a similar methodological approach to Corak et al. (2005) and Figari et al. (2011), consisting in building a counterfactual scenario as if there were no children. For assessing the redistributive impact, we adapt the decomposition methodology of Onrubia et al. (2014), based in turn on Kakwani (1999). Our results suggest that the level of income support to families with children in Spain is low and mainly concentrated on tax reliefs, which are regressive in absolute terms. Nevertheless, the total income support to families with children is redistributive in relative terms, this effect being mainly dominated by the extent of supplements in unemployment and social assistance benefits due to having children. Child income support also reduces poverty intensity and incidence, although not to a large extent.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252326
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2021, 10
    Schlagworte: poverty; child poverty; family benefits; redistribution; microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Redistribution across Europe: how much and to whom?
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMODbased microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 626
    Fernleihe:
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    Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the growing population in retirement and the support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMODbased microdata from 28 countries, we (a) quantify the redistribution to the pensioner and non-pensioner populations, (b) study the position of net beneficiaries in the overall income distribution and (c) analyse how taxes and benefits affect the working-age population with low income. Our results provide novel insights into the distributive role of tax-benefit systems across Europe. Interestingly, a strong overall redistribution between households is associated with generous pensions for a portion of the retirees but negatively related to support for low-income households.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252330
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2021, 14
    Schlagworte: Redistribution; Welfare state; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The new "minimum vital income" in Spain
    distributional and poverty effects in the presence and absence of regional minimum income schemes
    Autor*in: Badenes Plá, Nuria; Gambau-Suelves, Borja
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK

    The "Minimum Vital Income" (IMV) constitutes a novelty in the panorama for fighting poverty by guaranteeing minimum incomes after the COVID-19 crisis. This work simulates the distributional and poverty effects of the IMV introduction across Spanish... mehr

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    The "Minimum Vital Income" (IMV) constitutes a novelty in the panorama for fighting poverty by guaranteeing minimum incomes after the COVID-19 crisis. This work simulates the distributional and poverty effects of the IMV introduction across Spanish regions using EUROMOD. Our results show that the IMV reduces inequality and poverty - general and extreme - for all regions. The regional minimum income schemes (RMI) have been a fundamental measure to fight poverty in Spain from the regional level, although this power has not been as effective as it was expected in reducing inequality. This work also simulates the effects on inequality and poverty that the elimination of current RMI and the introduction of the new IMV would generate. Considering the simultaneous introduction of IMV and RMI elimination, the negative effects of RMI would be offset by positive effects of IMV, leading also to a big additional saving for the Spanish Public Accounts.

     
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    hdl: 10419/259511
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 20, 22
    Schlagworte: microsimulation; inequality; income distribution; poverty; minimum vital income; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Joint taxation in Spain and its effects on social welfare
    a microsimulation analysis
    Autor*in: Badenes Plá, Nuria; Blanco Palmero, Patricia; Gambau-Suelves, Borja; Navas Román, María; Villazán Pellejero, Noemí
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK

    This paper focuses on the study of the effects on social welfare generated by the scheme of joint taxation of the Spanish Personal Income Tax (PIT), whose peculiarity linked to its condition of optionality, allows the minimization of households´ tax... mehr

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    This paper focuses on the study of the effects on social welfare generated by the scheme of joint taxation of the Spanish Personal Income Tax (PIT), whose peculiarity linked to its condition of optionality, allows the minimization of households´ tax bill. Different scenarios are simulated using the tax-benefit microsimulator of the European Commission - EUROMOD - with data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions corresponding to 2016. In order to measure the welfare, the current PIT scheme is taken as reference and then it is compared with two alternatives, one, in which the families that currently can opt for this system are forced to pay jointly, and another, in which the only taxation scheme was individual. The results show that the Spanish system is revealed as a generator of additional welfare linked both to the circumstance of allowing an option to families, as well as to the fact of designing a specific system of joint taxation. In addition, it is shown that the policy recommendations would be different if only the study of inequality had been considered, since the net income gains of the current system offset the possible improvements in inequality of the simulated alternatives. Our results, therefore, also reinforce the convenience of adopting an approach that simultaneously considers efficiency and equity.

     
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    hdl: 10419/259512
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 20, 23
    Schlagworte: microsimulation; EUROMOD; social welfare; inequality; family taxation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The fiscal impact of immigration in the EU
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; Bélanger, Alain; Conte, Alessandra; Mazza, Jacopo; Narazani, Edlira
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The increasing flows of immigrants in Europe over the last decade has generated a range of considerations in the policy agenda of many receiving countries. One of the main considerations for policy makers and public opinions alike is whether... mehr

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    The increasing flows of immigrants in Europe over the last decade has generated a range of considerations in the policy agenda of many receiving countries. One of the main considerations for policy makers and public opinions alike is whether immigrants contribute their ”fair” share to their host country tax and welfare system. This paper seeks to answer this question based on an empirical assessment of the net fiscal contributions of immigrants in the 27 EU Member States using EUROMOD, a EU-wide tax-benefit microsimulation model. In addition to the traditional view of the tax-benefit system, we add indirect taxation and in-kind benefits to the analysis of net contributions. Our findings highlight that migrants on average contributed about 250 euro per year more than natives to the welfare state in 2015. However, when we take an average age-specific life-cycle perspective, we find that natives generally show a higher net fiscal contribution than both, intra-EU and extra-EU migrants, while extra-EU migrants contribute on average less than intra-EU migrants.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232517
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 814
    Schlagworte: Migration; Microsimulation; Tax-benefit system; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The fiscal impact of immigration in the EU
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; Bélanger, Alain; Conte, Alessandra; Mazza, Jacopo; Narazani, Edlira
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    The increasing flows of immigrants in Europe over the last decade has generated a range of considerations in the policy agenda of many receiving countries. One of the main considerations for policy makers and public opinions alike is whether... mehr

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    The increasing flows of immigrants in Europe over the last decade has generated a range of considerations in the policy agenda of many receiving countries. One of the main considerations for policy makers and public opinions alike is whether immigrants contribute their "fair" share to their host country tax and welfare system. This paper seeks to answer this question based on an empirical assessment of the net fiscal contributions of immigrants in the 27 EU member states using EUROMOD, a EU-wide tax-benefit microsimulation model. In addition to the traditional view of the tax-benefit system, we add indirect taxation and in-kind benefits to the analysis of net contributions. Our findings highlight that migrants on average contributed about 250 euro per year more than natives to the welfare state in 2015. However, when we take an average age-specific life-cycle perspective, we find that natives generally show a higher net fiscal contribution than both, intra-EU and extra-EU migrants, while extra-EU migrants contribute on average less than intra-EU migrants.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248823
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2021, 01
    Schlagworte: Migration; Microsimulation; Tax-benefit; system; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The cushioning effect of short-time work and discretionary policy measures
    an assessment of the COVID-19 crisis in Germany
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Hufkens, Tine; Peichl, Andreas; Ricci, Mattia
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    In this paper, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on German household income using a micro-level approach. We combine a microsimulation model with labour market transition techniques to simulate the COVID-19 shock on the German labour... mehr

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    In this paper, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on German household income using a micro-level approach. We combine a microsimulation model with labour market transition techniques to simulate the COVID-19 shock on the German labour market. We find the consequences of the labour market shock to be highly regressive with a strong impact on the poorest households. However, this effect is nearly entirely offset by automatic stabilisers and discretionary policy measures. We explore the cushioning effect of these policies in detail, showing that short-time working schemes and especially the one-off payments for children are effective in cushioning the income loss of the poor.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248824
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2021, 02
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; EUROMOD; microsimulation; STW; automatic stabilisers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Missing top incomes and tax-benefit microsimulation: evidence from correcting household survey data using tax records data
    Autor*in: Ledić, Marko; Rubil, Ivica; Urban, Ivica
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 11159/8511
    Schriftenreihe: EIZ working papers ; EIZ-WP-22, 01
    Schlagworte: top incomes; survey data; tax records; tax-benefit microsimulation; EUROMOD; EU-SILC
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Monetary compensation schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic
    implications for household incomes, liquidity constraints and consumption across the EU
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Figari, Francesco; Hufkens, Tina; Leventi, Chrysa; Papini, Andrea; Tumino, Alberto
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    This paper analyses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on household disposable income and household demand in the European Union (EU), making use of the EU microsimulation model EUROMOD and nowcasting techniques. We show evidence of heterogeneity in... mehr

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    This paper analyses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on household disposable income and household demand in the European Union (EU), making use of the EU microsimulation model EUROMOD and nowcasting techniques. We show evidence of heterogeneity in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour markets in EU Member States, with some countries hit substantially harder than others. Most EU Member States experience a large drop in market incomes in 2020, with poorer households hit the hardest. Tax-benefit systems cushioned significantly the transmission of the shock to the disposable income and the household demand, with monetary compensation schemes playing a major role. Additionally, we show that monetary compensation schemes prevent a significant share of households from becoming liquidity constrained during the pandemic.

     
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    hdl: 10419/280862
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2022, 03
    JRC technical report
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Monetary compensation schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic
    implications for household incomes, liquidity constraints and consumption across the EU
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Figari, Francesco; Hufkens, Tine; Leventi, Chrysa; Papini, Andrea; Tumino, Alberto
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper analyses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on household disposable income and household demand in the European Union (EU), making use of the EU microsimulation model EUROMOD and nowcasting techniques. We show evidence of heterogeneity in... mehr

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    This paper analyses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on household disposable income and household demand in the European Union (EU), making use of the EU microsimulation model EUROMOD and nowcasting techniques. We show evidence of heterogeneity in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour markets in EU Member States, with some countries hit substantially harder than others. Most EU Member States experience a large drop in market incomes in 2020, with poorer households hit the hardest. Tax-benefit systems cushioned significantly the transmission of the shock to the disposable income and the household demand, with monetary compensation schemes playing a major role. Additionally, we show that monetary compensation schemes prevent a significant share of households from becoming liquidity constrained during the pandemic.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251856
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1082
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Redistribution across Europe
    how much and to whom?
    Autor*in: Hammer, Bernhard; Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia
    Erschienen: 2021 November
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 593 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Redistribution; Welfare state; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Missing top incomes and tax-benefit microsimulation: evidence from correcting household survey data using tax records data
    Autor*in: Ledić, Marko; Rubil, Ivica; Urban, Ivica
    Erschienen: 2022 March
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 609 (2022)
    Schlagworte: top incomes; survey data; tax records; tax-benefit microsimulation; EUROMOD; EU-SILC
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. EUROMOD baseline report
    Autor*in: Maier, Sofía; Ricci, Mattia
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    This paper presents baseline results from the latest public version (I4.0+) of EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the EU. We begin by briefly discussing the process of updating EUROMOD. We then present indicators for income inequality... mehr

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    This paper presents baseline results from the latest public version (I4.0+) of EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the EU. We begin by briefly discussing the process of updating EUROMOD. We then present indicators for income inequality and at-risk-of-poverty using EUROMOD and discuss the main reasons for the differences between these and their correspondent from the EU Statistics on Incomes and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We further compare EUROMOD distributional indicators across all EU 27 countries and over time between 2018 and 2021. Finally, we provide estimates of marginal effective tax rates (METR), an indicator which captures the effect of tax-benefit systems on work incentives at the intensive margin. Throughout the paper, we highlight both the potential of EUROMOD as a tool for policy analysis and the caveats that should be borne in mind when using it and interpreting results.

     
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    hdl: 10419/280864
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2022, 1
    Schlagworte: taxes; benefits; inequality; poverty; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Monetary compensation schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic
    implications for household incomes, liquidity constraints and consumption across the EU
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Figari, Francesco; Hufkens, Tine; Leventi, Chrysa; Papini, Andrea; Tumino, Alberto
    Erschienen: 2022 June
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised May 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 613 (2022)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Inequality; Microsimulation; EUROMOD; compensation schemes; liquidityconstraints; consumption; income stabilizers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The effectiveness of Minimum Income schemes in the EU
    Autor*in: Almeida, Vanda; De Poli, Silvia; Hernández, Adrian
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    Minimum Income (MI) schemes are essential to alleviate poverty and guarantee a last-resort safety net to households with insufficient resources. Assessing the effectiveness of MI schemes in poverty reduction is challenging. Studies based on survey... mehr

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    Minimum Income (MI) schemes are essential to alleviate poverty and guarantee a last-resort safety net to households with insufficient resources. Assessing the effectiveness of MI schemes in poverty reduction is challenging. Studies based on survey microdata are usually subject to a bias because households with very low incomes tend to underreport benefit receipts. Studies based on microsimulation models tend to overestimate these benefits mainly due to lack of data on take-up and non-income eligibility conditions. In this paper, we attempt to tackle these challenges to provide an integrated and consistent evaluation of the effectiveness of MI schemes in the European Union (EU). We develop a simple method that calibrates the simulation of MI schemes in the microsimulation model EUROMOD to obtain a new 'closer to reality' baseline simulation of each EU Member State's scheme. We then use this corrected baseline to evaluate existing MI schemes, investigating their degree of coverage and adequacy, their poverty-alleviating effects and their overall cost. Finally, we explore the effects of possible (theoretical) reforms, implementing sequential changes to the levels of coverage and adequacy, towards eradicating the extent of extreme poverty. The main takeaways are that the contribution of MI support to poverty elimination is still rather limited in some EU countries and that action could be taken to increase coverage and adequacy at a relatively low financial cost.

     
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    hdl: 10419/280869
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2022, 09
    JRC technical report
    Schlagworte: minimum income; coverage; adequacy; poverty; microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. The role of short-time work and discretionary policy measures in mitigating the effects of the Covid-19 crisis in Germany
    Autor*in: Christl, Michael; De Poli, Silvia; Hufkens, Tine; Peichl, Andreas; Ricci, Mattia
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In this paper, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on German household income using a micro-level approach. We combine a microsimulation model with labour market transition techniques to simulate the COVID-19 shock on the German labour... mehr

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    In this paper, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on German household income using a micro-level approach. We combine a microsimulation model with labour market transition techniques to simulate the COVID-19 shock on the German labour market. We find the consequences of the labour market shock to be highly regressive with a strong impact on the poorest households. However, this effect is nearly entirely offset by automatic stabilisers and discretionary policy measures. We explore the cushioning effect of these policies in detail, showing that short-time working schemes and especially the one-off payments for children are effective in cushioning the income loss of the poor.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9072 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; EUROMOD; microsimulation; STW; automatic stabilisers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Inflation, fiscal policy and inequality
    the distributional impact of fiscal measures to compensate for consumer inflation
    Autor*in: 3000 Amores, Antonio F.; Basso, Henrique S.; Bischl, Simeon; De Agostini, Paola; De Poli, Silvia; Dicarlo, Emanuele; Flevotomou, Maria; Freier, Maximilian; Maier, Sofia; García-Miralles, Esteban; Pidkuyko, Myroslav; Ricci, Mattia; Riscado, Sara
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper analyses the distributional impact of high consumer inflation in the euro area and government measures to compensate households in 2022. The study uses the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union (EUROMOD) with microdata... mehr

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    This paper analyses the distributional impact of high consumer inflation in the euro area and government measures to compensate households in 2022. The study uses the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union (EUROMOD) with microdata as the input - EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) and household budget surveys (HBS) - to quantify the distributional impact of inflation, income support measures and measures aimed at containing prices. The analysis confirms that purchasing power and welfare were more severely affected by the 2022 inflation surge in lower-income households than in higher-income households. Fiscal measures compensated households for about a third of their welfare loss, though with significant differences between countries. At the same time, fiscal measures closed around 60% of the inequality gap between lower and higherincome households. Most fiscal measures were not particularly well targeted at lowincome households, resulting in a higher than necessary fiscal burden to cushion the distributional impact of the inflationary shock.

     
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    ISBN: 9789289962292
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    hdl: 10419/283408
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; No 330
    Schlagworte: inflation; fiscal policy; distributional effect; welfare effect; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten), Diagramme
  22. Inflation, fiscal policy and inequality
    the distributional impact of fiscal measures to compensate for consumer inflation
    Autor*in: 3000 Amores, Antonio F.; Basso, Henrique S.; Bischl, Simeon; De Agostini, Paola; De Poli, Silvia; Dicarlo, Emanuele; Flevotomou, Maria; Freier, Maximilian; Maier, Sofia; García-Miralles, Esteban; Pidkuyko, Myroslav; Ricci, Mattia; Riscado, Sara
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper analyses the distributional impact of high consumer inflation in the euro area and government measures to compensate households in 2022. The study uses the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union (EUROMOD) with microdata... mehr

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    This paper analyses the distributional impact of high consumer inflation in the euro area and government measures to compensate households in 2022. The study uses the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union (EUROMOD) with microdata as the input - EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) and household budget surveys (HBS) - to quantify the distributional impact of inflation, income support measures and measures aimed at containing prices. The analysis confirms that purchasing power and welfare were more severely affected by the 2022 inflation surge in lower-income households than in higher-income households. Fiscal measures compensated households for about a third of their welfare loss, though with significant differences between countries. At the same time, fiscal measures closed around 60% of the inequality gap between lower and higherincome households. Most fiscal measures were not particularly well targeted at lowincome households, resulting in a higher than necessary fiscal burden to cushion the distributional impact of the inflationary shock.

     
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    ISBN: 9789289962292
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283408
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; No 330
    Schlagworte: inflation; fiscal policy; distributional effect; welfare effect; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten), Diagramme
  23. Hypothetical tax-benefit reforms in Hungary
    shifting from tax relief to cash transfers for family support
    Autor*in: Agúndez García, Ana; Christl, Michael
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper evaluates two hypothetical budget-neutral reforms that shift resources from family tax expenditures to family cash transfers. We evaluate these reforms using a structural labor supply model based on the microsimulation EUROMOD model and... mehr

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    This paper evaluates two hypothetical budget-neutral reforms that shift resources from family tax expenditures to family cash transfers. We evaluate these reforms using a structural labor supply model based on the microsimulation EUROMOD model and EUSILC data. We find that both reforms have an inequality-decreasing impact. However, when looking at labor supply responses for different household types, we show that the reforms have a non-negligible impact, especially for females in couple households. Additionally, we show that females in the middle of the income distribution in particular will reduce labor supply in response to the reforms.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1281
    Schlagworte: family benefits; reform; labor supply; discrete choice; microsimulation; EUROMOD
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  24. The impact of minimum wages on income inequality in the EU
    Autor*in: Filauro, Stefano; Grünberger, Klaus; Narazani, Edlira
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    A number of studies documents that minimum wage policies have the potential to reduce income inequality. The recently adopted EU Commission's proposal for a Directive on adequate minimum wages was supported by a detailed analysis of the social... mehr

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    A number of studies documents that minimum wage policies have the potential to reduce income inequality. The recently adopted EU Commission's proposal for a Directive on adequate minimum wages was supported by a detailed analysis of the social impacts of hypothetical minimum wage levels in countries with a statutory minimum wage. This paper extends these country-level analyses by exploring the impact of minimum wage policies on EU-level income inequality. To our knowledge, this is the first study that uses a microsimulation model such as EUROMOD to assess the impact of EU-promoted policies on the distribution of income in the EU, beyond their national effects. Assuming no employment effects, static simulation results show that a hypothetical minimum wage corresponding to 60% of the national median wage would bring about a small but significant reduction in EU-level disposable income inequality (by 0.75% in 2019 as measured through the Gini index). This result stems primarily from a reduction in the within-country component of income inequality as the effect on inequality between countries is rather muted. The reduction in EU-level income inequality is the highest in disposable incomes, but some reduction is detectable also in market incomes. In turn, the withdrawal of social benefits because of higher minimum wages seems to neutralise part of this inequality reduction.

     
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    hdl: 10419/280873
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2023, 04
    JRC technical report
    Schlagworte: Minimum wage; Microsimulation; European Union; Income inequality; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. The effectiveness of Minimum Income schemes in the EU
    Autor*in: Almeida, Vanda; De Poli, Silvia; Hernández, Adrian
    Erschienen: 2022 October
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 627 (2022)
    Schlagworte: minimum income; coverage; adequacy; poverty; microsimulation; EUROMOD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen