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  1. PRODUCTIVE WRITER - A guide for writers
    How to make more of your daily writing time
    Autor*in: Snow, Kim
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  tredition, Hamburg

  2. Benefits of internationalisation for acquirers and targets - but unevenly distributed
    Autor*in: Frey, Rainer; Goldbach, Stefan
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main

    In some countries around the world, the advantages of globalisation have been increasingly called into question recently. In particular, takeovers by foreign firms raise suspicions of technology theft and job cuts at the newly acquired local plant.... mehr

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    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    In some countries around the world, the advantages of globalisation have been increasingly called into question recently. In particular, takeovers by foreign firms raise suspicions of technology theft and job cuts at the newly acquired local plant. By looking at Germany, as a large open economy, between 1999 and 2018 we first see that both German firms that are acquired by foreign investors and German firms which invest abroad show similar characteristics: they are on average larger, more innovative and productive, but less profitable than purely national firms. With internationalisation, a variety of positive effects emerge. With respect to takeovers of German companies by foreign investors, the productivity and sales of the German affiliate increase while the foreign owners tend to step up expenditure on the labour force in Germany in the aftermath of the acquisition - compared to purely domestically owned firms. In the case of German firms going international, we find positive productivity and sales effects for relatively small companies investing abroad, and this internationalisation is not to the detriment of the domestic labour force. Thus, all in all, this supports a positive view of globalisation. However not all firms benefit: in particular, sector, firm size and time horizon have a bearing on the outcome.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9783957298416
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243146
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank ; no 2021, 33
    Schlagworte: globalisation; firm acquisition; M&A; productivity; sales; innovativeness; know-how; technology; labour costs; employment; wages; firm heterogeneity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten)
  3. The relative neglect of agriculture in Mozambique
    Autor*in: Carrilho, João Z.; Ferreira, Ines A.; Ribeiro, Rui N.; Tarp, Finn
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper explores agricultural performance of Mozambique, its institutional weaknesses, and the underlying factors that underpin an unsatisfactory performance during many decades. We point to the role of systemic political instability and violence... mehr

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    This paper explores agricultural performance of Mozambique, its institutional weaknesses, and the underlying factors that underpin an unsatisfactory performance during many decades. We point to the role of systemic political instability and violence combined with challenges to state legitimacy. Regional divides and lack of market integration continue to influence in a critical and all-encompassing manner. Finally, the way in which the interests of the elite and the influence of donors have affected progress in the agriculture sector suggests the need for concerted reorientation in existing strategies, policies, and priorities. This is reinforced by future challenges, including the extractive industry; population growth and internal migration; national and international markets; climate change; and COVID-19. We highlight the need to place the future of agriculture in Mozambique within a long-term perspective, focusing on the adoption and stabilization of an institutional framework aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and preserving the environment.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670757
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248349
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 135
    Schlagworte: agriculture; environment; institutions; agricultural policy; productivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  4. Korea's growth prospects
    overcoming demographics and COVID-19
    Autor*in: Swiston, Andrew
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Korea's economy has leaped to high-income status thanks to several decades of sustained high growth. However, population aging and shifts in global demand provide headwinds for future growth and Korea now faces the effects of COVID-19 on economic... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Hochschule Offenburg, University of Applied Sciences, Bibliothek Campus Offenburg
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    Hochschulbibliothek Pforzheim, Bereichsbibliothek Technik und Wirtschaft
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    Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen, Bibliothek Sigmaringen
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    Korea's economy has leaped to high-income status thanks to several decades of sustained high growth. However, population aging and shifts in global demand provide headwinds for future growth and Korea now faces the effects of COVID-19 on economic activity. This paper asseses the expected drag on potential growth from these factors and discusses policies that could provide offsetting upward momentum by facilitating structural transformation. We find that potential output growth slowed to about 2 1\2 percent before the COVID-19 pandemic and would have fallen to 2 percent by 2030, mainly due to demographic factors. Moreover, there is a possibility of scarring from the COVID-19 shock as adjustment frictions from structural rigidities interact with shifts in demand and supply patterns, lowering investment and labor force participation. At the same time, industry-level analysis suggests ample scope to raise productivity, especially in services where productivity gains have lagged. Addressing these rigidities could offset a large proportion of the expected downward pressure on potential output

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513575216
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 92
    Schlagworte: Korea; productivity; demographics; population aging; potential output; potential growth; multivariate filter; accelerator model; structural reform; COVID-19; Capacity; Capital; Employment; Intangible Capital; Investment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The macroeconomic impacts of digitalization in Sub-Saharan Africa
    evidence from submarine cables
    Autor*in: Simione, Félix F.; Li, Yiruo
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The Macroeconomic Impacts of Digitalization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Submarine Cables mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Hochschule Offenburg, University of Applied Sciences, Bibliothek Campus Offenburg
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    E-Book International Monetary Fund
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    Hochschulbibliothek Pforzheim, Bereichsbibliothek Technik und Wirtschaft
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    e-Book International Monetary Fund eLibrary
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Ravensburg, Bibliothek
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    The Macroeconomic Impacts of Digitalization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Submarine Cables

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781513582542
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 110
    Schlagworte: Sub-Saharan Africa; economic growth; productivity; digital divide; technology adoption; labor mobility; Employment; Foreign Exchange; Informal Economy; Underground Econom; Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The implications of globalisation for the ECB monetary policy strategy
    Erschienen: [September 2021]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper assesses how globalisation has shaped the economic environment in which the ECB operates and discusses whether this warrants adjustments to the monetary policy strategy. The paper first looks at how trade and financial integration have... mehr

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    This paper assesses how globalisation has shaped the economic environment in which the ECB operates and discusses whether this warrants adjustments to the monetary policy strategy. The paper first looks at how trade and financial integration have evolved since the last strategy review in 2003. It then examines the effects of these developments on global productivity growth, the natural interest rate (r*), inflation trends and monetary transmission. While trade globalisation initially boosted productivity growth, this effect may be waning as trade integration slows and market contestability promotes a winner-takes-all environment. The impact of globalisation on r* has been ambiguous: downward pressures, fuelled by global demand for safe assets and an increase in the propensity to save against a background of rising inequality, are counteracted by upward pressures, from the boost to global productivity associated with greater trade integration. Headline inflation rates have become more synchronised globally, largely because commodity prices are increasingly determined by global factors. Meanwhile, core inflation rates show a lower degree of commonality. Globalisation has made a rather modest contribution to the synchronised fall in trend inflation across countries and contributed only moderately to the reduction in the responsiveness of inflation to changes in activity. Regarding monetary transmission, globalisation has made the role of the exchange rate more complex by introducing new mechanisms through which it affects financial conditions, real activity and price dynamics. Against the background of this discussion, the paper then examines the implications for the ECB’s monetary policy strategy. In doing so, it asks two questions. How is the ECB’s economic and monetary analysis affected by globalisation? And how does globalisation influence the choice of the ECB's monetary policy objective and instruments? ...

     
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    ISBN: 9789289944700
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246194
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 263 (September 2021)
    ECB strategy review
    Schlagworte: Globalisation; monetary policy strategy; r*; inflation; productivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (93 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Digitalisation
    channels, impacts and implications for monetary policy in the euro area
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    The digitalisation workstream report analyses the degree of digital adoption across the euro area and EU countries and the implications of digitalisation for measurement, productivity, labour markets and inflation, as well as more recent developments... mehr

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    The digitalisation workstream report analyses the degree of digital adoption across the euro area and EU countries and the implications of digitalisation for measurement, productivity, labour markets and inflation, as well as more recent developments during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and their implications. Analysis of these key issues and variables is aimed at improving our understanding of the implications of digitalisation for monetary policy and its transmission. The degree of digital adoption differs across the euro area/EU, implying heterogeneous impacts, with most EU economies currently lagging behind the United States and Japan. Rising digitalisation has rendered price measurement more challenging, owing to, among other things, faster changes in products and product quality, but also new ways of price setting, e.g. dynamic or customised pricing, and services that were previously payable but are now “free”. Despite the spread of digital technologies, aggregate productivity growth has decreased in most advanced economies since the 1970s. However, it is likely that without the spread of digital technologies the productivity slowdown would have been even more pronounced, and the recent acceleration in digitalisation is likely to boost future productivity gains from digitalisation. Digitalisation has spurred greater automation, with temporary labour market disruptions, albeit unevenly across sectors. The long-run employment effects of digitalisation can be benign, but its effects on wages and labour share depend on the structure of the economy and its labour market institutions. The pandemic has accelerated the use of teleworking: roughly every third job in the euro area/EU is teleworkable, although there are differences across countries. ...

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9789289944731
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246197
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 266 (September 2021)
    ECB strategy review
    Schlagworte: measurement; productivity; labour markets; inflation; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (164 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  8. Productivity and competitiveness in Finland
    which factors affect competitiveness? Why do we need it?
    Autor*in: Stenborg, Markku; Huovari, Janne; Kiema, Ilkka; Maliranta, Mika
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Ministry of Finance, Helsinki

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    ISBN: 9789523674851
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10024/163063
    Schriftenreihe: Publications of the Ministry of Finance ; 2021, 20
    Schlagworte: productivity board; economic policy; board; productivity; economic growth; competitive strength
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 113 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. How good are manufacturing jobs in Myanmar?
    evidence from matched employer-employee data
    Autor*in: Falco, Paolo; Gioia, Francesca; Trifkovic, Neda
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The quality of people's jobs is a fundamental determinant of their well-being, and judging the state of a labour market on the basis of job quantity alone delivers a very partial picture. This study is an attempt to place the spotlight on the working... mehr

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    The quality of people's jobs is a fundamental determinant of their well-being, and judging the state of a labour market on the basis of job quantity alone delivers a very partial picture. This study is an attempt to place the spotlight on the working conditions of workers in the Myanmar manufacturing sector. Using a model of job demands and job resources, we focus on the balance between different stress factors and the support workers get. We find that a large fraction of workers face severe pressures. In particular, nearly one half faces severe time pressure; nearly a quarter is exposed to health hazards, such as loud noises, carrying heavy loads, and operating in uncomfortable or painful positions. These factors are often not met with adequate support from the firm. Male workers and those with lower levels of education are most exposed to occupational risks. Contrary to the narrative that a trade-off might exist between firm competitiveness and job quality, we find that labour productivity is higher in firms where working conditions are better.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670306
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243416
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 90
    Schlagworte: job quality; productivity; working conditions; Myanmar
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Product market power and its implications for the Australian economy
    Autor*in: Hambur, Jonathan
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  The Treasury, Canberra

    This paper documents the evolution of firm mark-ups in the Australian economy using a large and representative database derived from administrative tax data. I find that mark-ups have increased by around 5 per cent since the mid-2000s, which is less... mehr

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    This paper documents the evolution of firm mark-ups in the Australian economy using a large and representative database derived from administrative tax data. I find that mark-ups have increased by around 5 per cent since the mid-2000s, which is less than previously documented for Australia, and slightly less than has been documented for the average advanced economy. While part of this appears to reflect technological change, there also appears to have been an increase in market power and decline in competition over the period. This increase in market power appears to explain part of the slowdown in productivity growth observed in Australia over the past decade, as it has been associated with slower efficient reallocation of resources from low-productivity to high-productivity firms.

     
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    ISBN: 9781925832228
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/251332
    Schriftenreihe: Treasury working paper / Australian Government, The Treasury ; 2021, 03
    Schlagworte: competition; productivity; firm-level; BLADE
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Towards a new growth model in CESEE
    convergence and competitiveness through smart, green and inclusive investment
    Autor*in: Gereben, Áron; Wruuck, Patricia
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  European Investment Bank, Luxembourg

    This paper focuses on the growth and convergence of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European EU countries (CESEE). We argue that the factors behind the pre-crisis growth model of the region - skilled yet affordable labour force, foreign direct... mehr

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    This paper focuses on the growth and convergence of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European EU countries (CESEE). We argue that the factors behind the pre-crisis growth model of the region - skilled yet affordable labour force, foreign direct investment, imports of productivity-enhancing technology - are petering out, and are yet to be substituted. We propose a new growth model centred around a shift towards more home-grown innovation, digitalisation, climate change mitigation and a strong focus on skills, labour and social inclusion to leave the middle income trap behind for good and to boost economies' growth prospects in a post-COVID world. Based on analysis of firm-level data, we highlight the prerequisites of making this transition happen.

     
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    ISBN: 9789286149368
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231396
    Schriftenreihe: Economics - working papers ; 2021, 01
    Schlagworte: climate change; convergence; economic policy; digitalisation; innovation; labourmarket; long-term growth; productivity; skills
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Digital technology and productivity of informal enterprises
    empirical evidence from Nigeria
    Autor*in: Danquah, Michael; Owusu, Solomon
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The lingering policy dilemma facing many governments in sub-Saharan Africa in recent years is what can be done in the short to medium term to boost the output and incomes of individuals and enterprises in the informal sector, given the size and... mehr

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    The lingering policy dilemma facing many governments in sub-Saharan Africa in recent years is what can be done in the short to medium term to boost the output and incomes of individuals and enterprises in the informal sector, given the size and persistence of the sector in the region. In this paper we examine the structural impact of access and usage of digital technology by informal enterprises on labour productivity. Using a sample of non-farm informal enterprises in Nigeria, we employ IV LASSO techniques to carry out our analysis. The structural parameters of our IV LASSO estimates show that labour productivity is significantly higher for enterprises that use digital technology than for non-users. Further analysis reveals that benefits arise more strongly in larger enterprises in the upper segment of the informal sector. Our findings have key implications for the ongoing discussion on the role of digital technology and government regulatory and policy frameworks for ICT in the region.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 114
    Schlagworte: Informationstechnik; Kommunikationstechnik; Schattenwirtschaft; digital technologies; informal sector; productivity; IV LASSO; Nigeria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  13. What types of firms become illiquid as a result of COVID-19?
    a firm-level perspective using French data
    Autor*in: Connell, William; Ho, Victor
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 136 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: Firms; COVID-19; France; illiquidity; probit; productivity; solvency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Good business practices improve productivity in Myanmar's manufacturing sector
    evidence from two matched employer-employee surveys
    Autor*in: Falco, Paolo; Hansen, Henrik; Rand, John; Tarp, Finn; Trifkovic, Neda
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We look into the relationship between business practices and enterprise productivity using panel data with matched employer and employee information from Myanmar. The data show that micro, small, and medium-size enterprises in Myanmar typically do... mehr

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    We look into the relationship between business practices and enterprise productivity using panel data with matched employer and employee information from Myanmar. The data show that micro, small, and medium-size enterprises in Myanmar typically do only a few modern business practices. Even so, through estimates of value-added functions and labour demand relations we find a positive and economically important association between business practices and productivity. The results are confirmed when we utilize employer-employee information to estimate Mincer-type wage regressions. In combination, the value-added functions and the Mincer regressions show that at least half of the productivity gain from improved business practices stems from selection effects of employment of more productive workers. This sorting channel is important to keep in mind when supporting enterprises in Myanmar's manufacturing sector through entrepreneurial training activities. While our results indicate that implementation of more structured business practices could be a key ingredient of a private sector development strategy in Myanmar, the full effect of such a strategy may take time to materialize. Moreover, entrepreneurial training should be accompanied by labour market initiatives aimed at improving productive matches of employers and employees.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 45
    Schlagworte: business practices; management; productivity; Myanmar
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Using payroll tax variation to unpack the black box of firm-level production
    Autor*in: Benzarti, Youssef; Harju, Jarkko
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  VATT Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki

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    Schriftenreihe: VATT working papers ; 138
    Schlagworte: public economics; payroll taxes; firm behavior; incidence; employment; redistribution; investments; productivity
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  16. Catching up and falling behind
    cross-country evidence on the impact of the EU ETS on firm productivity
    Autor*in: Themann, Michael; Koch, Nicolas
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    This paper assesses the potential impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on firm productivity. We estimate a stylized version of the neo-Schumpeterian model, which incorporates innovation and productivity catch-up as two... mehr

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    This paper assesses the potential impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on firm productivity. We estimate a stylized version of the neo-Schumpeterian model, which incorporates innovation and productivity catch-up as two potential sources of firm’s productivity growth, while at the same time accounting for persistent productivity dispersion within industries. This dynamic model allows us to differentiate the potential effects of the EU ETS on total factor productivity (TFP) depending on the level of firms’ technological advancement. The identification approach is based on a difference-in-difference approach exploiting the incomplete participation requirements of the EU ETS and the rich panel structure of firm-level data for eight EU countries from 2002 to 2012. We find evidence that the policy effects on TFP are highly heterogeneous and depend on the distance to the technological frontier, measured as the highest TFP in each year-industry. Productivity effects are positive for firms that are close to the frontier, but they turn negative for firms operating far behind the frontier. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir die möglichen Auswirkungen des Emissionshandelssystems der Europäischen Union (EU ETS) auf das Produktivitätswachstum der regulierten Firmen. Auf Basis von Firmen-Paneldaten für 8 EU-Länder für den Zeitraum von 2002-2012 und unter Verwendung eines Differenz-in-Differenzen-Ansatzes wird der Effekt dieser Politikmaßnahme geschätzt. Wir verwenden eine stilisierte Version des neo-schumpeterianischen Modells, welches Innovation und den technologischen Aufholprozess als zwei potenzielle Quellen für Produktivitätswachstum beinhaltet und die Produktivitätsstreuung innerhalb der Wirtschaftsbranchen berücksichtigt. Ein zentrales und robustes Ergebnis dieser Analyse sind die heterogenen Auswirkungen des ETS: Das System hat positive Effekte für die effizientesten Unternehmen, aber negative Effekte für Unternehmen, die weit von der Effizienzgrenze entfernt sind. Dieses Ergebnis stützt beide Paradigmen, die in Bezug auf die Auswirkungen von Umweltregulierung vorherrschen: die Porter-Hypothese, nach der Umweltregulierung bei Firmen zu Effizienzgewinnen führt, wie dies beim ETS für die effizientesten Firmen der Fall zu sein scheint, und die konträre konventionelle Sichtweise, nach der Umweltregulierung zu Effizienzverlusten führen kann.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #904
    Schlagworte: Environmental regulation; EU ETS; productivity; competitiveness
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The effect of tariffs in global value chains
    Autor*in: Eugster, Johannes; Jaumotte, Florence; MacDonald, Margaux; Piazza, Roberto
    Erschienen: 2022 FEB
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using global input-output matrices, we construct four different tariff measures that capture the direct and indirect exposure to tariffs at... mehr

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    This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using global input-output matrices, we construct four different tariff measures that capture the direct and indirect exposure to tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that tariffs higher up and further down in the value chain depress value added, employment, labor productivity and total factor productivity to varying degrees. We find no benefits for the sector that enjoys additional protection, yet there is some evidence of economic activity being diverted, id est positive effects on value added and employment from tariffs imposed on competitors. Our paper relates to recent innovations in theoretical gravity models and provides an empirical assessment of possible long-term effects of recent trade tensions

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/22, 40
    Schlagworte: Tariffs; global value chains; value added; productivity; Economic Integration; Empirical Studies of Trade; International Trade Organizations; Tariffs, Global Value Chains, Value Added and Productivity; Trade Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Reaching for the stars
    Australian firms and the global productivity frontier
    Autor*in: Andrews, Dan; Hambur, Jonathan; Hansell, David; Wheeler, Angus
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  The Treasury, Canberra

    A feature of the recent global slowdown in productivity growth is that progress at the technological frontier has remained strong, while the gap between firms at the global frontier and other 'laggards' within an industry has grown. This growing gap... mehr

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    A feature of the recent global slowdown in productivity growth is that progress at the technological frontier has remained strong, while the gap between firms at the global frontier and other 'laggards' within an industry has grown. This growing gap reflects the fact that laggard firms now seem to be slower to adopt cutting-edge technologies and processes, and catch-up to the global frontier than they were previously. However, little is known about whether these patterns hold true for Australia. We exploit a novel dataset merging international microdata from OECD-Orbis with Australian microdata from BLADE. Consistent with overseas evidence, we find that the gap between global frontier firms and Australian firms has grown over time in the non-resource, non-financial market sector. Moreover, Australian firms catch up to the global frontier more slowly than previously, suggesting slower adoption of cutting-edge technologies and processes. The slowdown has been more notable in industries with declining measures of dynamism and competitive pressures, suggesting the slowdown may reflect weaker incentives and imperatives for firms to improve. This suggests that policies to address barriers to business dynamism and competitive pressures can improve Australia's productivity performance, by increasing incentives for firms to adopt, innovate and improve.

     
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    hdl: 10419/280820
    Schriftenreihe: Treasury working paper / Australian Government, The Treasury ; 2022, 01
    Schlagworte: productivity; dispersion; firm-level; BLADE; frontier
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  19. Tariffs, productivity, and resource misallocation
    Autor*in: Kilumelume, Michael; Morando, Bruno; Newman, Carol; Rand, John
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    An often-neglected potential negative consequence of tariffs is the impact they may have on the misallocation of factor inputs. Trade protection can provide space for domestic firms to increase prices and mark-ups, allowing low-productivity firms to... mehr

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    An often-neglected potential negative consequence of tariffs is the impact they may have on the misallocation of factor inputs. Trade protection can provide space for domestic firms to increase prices and mark-ups, allowing low-productivity firms to survive, thereby leading to a sub-optimal allocation of resources. This paper explores the impact of tariffs on the allocation of capital using administrative data from South Africa. We find that tariffs are highly correlated with capital misallocation, leading to aggregate productivity losses of 5-10 per cent. In particular, tariffs are strongly related to distortions that are correlated with firm productivity. The main channel through which tariffs distort the allocation of capital is through the protection they offer to lowproductivity firms, reducing their probability of exiting and increasing firm survival.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 174
    Schlagworte: tariffs; productivity; misallocation; South Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Covid-19 pandemic, state aid and firm productivity
    Autor*in: Bighelli, Tommaso; Lalinsky, Tibor; Vanhala, Juuso
    Erschienen: 14 January 2022
    Verlag:  Bank of Finland, Helsinki

    We study the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity by matching firm performance outcomes with corresponding firm-level information on government support. Our cross-country evidence for five EU countries shows that the pandemic led to... mehr

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    We study the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity by matching firm performance outcomes with corresponding firm-level information on government support. Our cross-country evidence for five EU countries shows that the pandemic led to a significant short-term decline in productivity predominantly driven by the within-firm growth component. A thorough comparative analysis of the distribution of employment and overall direct subsidies, considering separately also relative firm-level support and the probability of being supported, reveals several common characteristics. In general, the pandemic support was distributed rather efficiently, i.e. towards "deserving" firms and only marginally towards "zombie" and non-viable firms. However, government subsidies appear to have had a limited effect on aggregate productivity developments.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Bank of Finland research discussion papers ; 2022, 1
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; productivity; firm-level data; government support; employment subsidies; cross-country analysis
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  21. The survival of Latvian products and firms in export markets
    Autor*in: Benkovskis, Konstantı̄ns; Jarrett, Peter; Krill, Ze'ev; Tkačevs, Oļegs; Yashiro, Naomitsu
    Erschienen: April 22, 2022
    Verlag:  Latvijas Banka, Riga

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    ISBN: 9789934578434
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Latvijas Banka ; 2022,2
    Schlagworte: Exports; economic complexity; trade; productivity; innovation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. (Un)employment and skillsformation in Chile
    an explorationof the effects of training in labourmarket transitions
    Autor*in: Bogliaccini, Juan A.; Madariaga, Aldo; Rojas Peralta, Miski; Marzoa, Soledad
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Labour markets are currently undergoing tremendous challenges. Automation, skilled-biased technological change, or offshoring are transforming challenges and opportunities for workers. In this context, international organizations have highlighted the... mehr

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    Labour markets are currently undergoing tremendous challenges. Automation, skilled-biased technological change, or offshoring are transforming challenges and opportunities for workers. In this context, international organizations have highlighted the crucial role of labour market policies and institutions, particularly but not exclusively re-training and skills formation policies, to cope with the said transformations and allow individuals to better adapt and benefit from them (for example, ILO 2017; OECD 2019). Existing research on the effects of labour market changes and skills formation has concentrated on advanced economies. There is limited knowledge about the impact of skills formation and training in Latin America (ILO 2016), in part due to a lack of information and data on training programmes, particularly longitudinal data. In this paper, we analyse the effects of training on labour market transitions in Chile, using available longitudinal data. We focus on the transitions from unemployment to employment and between different types of employment. Using individual-level panel data spanning seven years of individuals' work trajectories and training instances, we estimate the average effect of attending training courses while unemployed on individuals' yearly ratio of unemployment. In addition to this, we explore whether training improves the probability of workers changing occupational categories. Our results suggest that there is a small but still significantly positive effect of training in reducing post-training unemployment events. For employed workers, results show how training occurs mostly among highly educated workers or workers in very specific occupations, which limits the potential equalizing effects of training policies.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220368626; 9789220368633; 9789220368640; 9789220368657
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    Schriftenreihe: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 57 (March 2022)
    Schlagworte: decent work; future of work; employment; unemployment; quality of working life; productive development; productivity
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  23. The current state of research on the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being
    Autor*in: Sharpe, Andrew; Fard, Shahrzad Mobasher
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Interest in the topic of well-being has burgeoned in recent years as the weaknesses of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a proxy for well-being have become more apparent. At the same time, the global economy has experienced a productivity... mehr

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    Interest in the topic of well-being has burgeoned in recent years as the weaknesses of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a proxy for well-being have become more apparent. At the same time, the global economy has experienced a productivity slowdown. Since productivity growth is recognized as being by far the most important long-term source of sustainable gains in living standards, this development has implications for the future of living standards around the world. These two developments raise a number of issues related to the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being. First, does slower productivity growth constitute a significant threat to the betterment of the well-being of the world's population, and, if so, by how much? Second, given that many indicators of well-being can have positive effects on productivity, should one aspect of any strategy to revive productivity growth be to focus on policies that improve well-being? The objective of this report is to survey the current state of research on the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220367773; 9789220367780; 9789220367797; 9789220367803
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    Schriftenreihe: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 56 (March 2022)
    Schlagworte: Produktivität; Sozialer Indikator; Soziale Lage; Lebensqualität; Zufriedenheit; Gesundheit; Lohn; Theorie; decent work; future of work; employment; quality of working life; productive development; productivity
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  24. The upside of digitalisation after COVID-19
    firm-level evidence on productivity and factor gains in developing countries
    Autor*in: Cusolito, Ana Paula; Lederman, Daniel; Pena, Jorge
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  European Investment Bank, [Luxembourg]

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    ISBN: 9789286153242
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    Schriftenreihe: Economics
    MENA enterprise survey report working papers ; volume 3
    Schlagworte: productivity; jobs; digital technology; exporting; management
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  25. Korea's growth prospects
    overcoming demographics and COVID-19
    Autor*in: Swiston, Andrew
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Korea's economy has leaped to high-income status thanks to several decades of sustained high growth. However, population aging and shifts in global demand provide headwinds for future growth and Korea now faces the effects of COVID-19 on economic... mehr

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    Korea's economy has leaped to high-income status thanks to several decades of sustained high growth. However, population aging and shifts in global demand provide headwinds for future growth and Korea now faces the effects of COVID-19 on economic activity. This paper asseses the expected drag on potential growth from these factors and discusses policies that could provide offsetting upward momentum by facilitating structural transformation. We find that potential output growth slowed to about 2 1\2 percent before the COVID-19 pandemic and would have fallen to 2 percent by 2030, mainly due to demographic factors. Moreover, there is a possibility of scarring from the COVID-19 shock as adjustment frictions from structural rigidities interact with shifts in demand and supply patterns, lowering investment and labor force participation. At the same time, industry-level analysis suggests ample scope to raise productivity, especially in services where productivity gains have lagged. Addressing these rigidities could offset a large proportion of the expected downward pressure on potential output

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513575216
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 92
    Schlagworte: Korea; productivity; demographics; population aging; potential output; potential growth; multivariate filter; accelerator model; structural reform; COVID-19; Capacity; Capital; Employment; Intangible Capital; Investment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen