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  1. When nudges aren't enough
    incentives and habit formation in public transport usage
    Autor*in: Gravert, Christina; Collentine, Linus Olsson
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/258910
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 19, 10
    Schlagworte: transport; nudging; eld experiment; habit formation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The future of the special duty of care in the financial sector
    perspectives from the Netherlands
    Autor*in: Busch, Danny
    Erschienen: 27/04/2020
    Verlag:  European Banking Institute e.V., Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    A clear trend is evolving as more and more banks and other financial institutions are being successfully sued before the civil courts of the Netherlands for breaches of their special duty of care (‘bijzondere zorgplicht'). Whereas it was initially... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    A clear trend is evolving as more and more banks and other financial institutions are being successfully sued before the civil courts of the Netherlands for breaches of their special duty of care (‘bijzondere zorgplicht'). Whereas it was initially mainly banks that had reason to worry about claims for damages based on a breach of the special duty of care, other financial institutions too are now having to take the possibility of such claims very seriously. Another factor is that the special duty of care owed by financial institutions now seems to apply not only in their dealings with retail clients but also in relation to non-retail clients that need protection. The author discusses the main developments relating to the special duty of care, leading to a consideration of how things may evolve in the future

     
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    Schriftenreihe: EBI working paper series ; no. 63 (2020)
    European Banking Institute Working Paper Series – ; no. 63
    Schlagworte: banks; financial institutions; MiFID (Directive 2004/39/EC); MiFID II (Directive 2014/65/EU); conduct-of-business rules; duty of care; product governance; product intervention; mistake; error; contract law; tort law; Dutch Civil Code; Unfair Contract Terms Directive (Directive 93/13/EEC); nudging
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  3. Hate Trumps love
    the impact of political polarization on social preferences
    Autor*in: Dimant, Eugen
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Political polarization has ruptured the fabric of U.S. society. I quantify this phenomenon through the use of 5 pre-registered studies, comprising 15 behavioral experiments and a diverse set of over 8,600 participants. The focus of this paper is to... mehr

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    Political polarization has ruptured the fabric of U.S. society. I quantify this phenomenon through the use of 5 pre-registered studies, comprising 15 behavioral experiments and a diverse set of over 8,600 participants. The focus of this paper is to examine various behavioral-, belief-, and norm-based layers of (non-)strategic decision-making that are plausibly affected by existing polarization in the context of Donald J. Trump. I find strong heterogeneous effects: ingroup-love occurs in the perceptional domain (how close one feels towards others), whereas outgroup-hate occurs in the behavioral domain (how one helps/harms/cooperates with others). The rich setting also allows me to examine the mechanisms of observed intergroup conflict, which can be attributed to one’s grim expectations regarding cooperativeness of the opposing faction, rather than one's actual unwillingness to cooperate. In a final step, I test whether popular behavioral interventions (defaults and norm-nudging) can eradicate the detrimental impact of polarization in the (non-) strategic contexts studied here. The interventions are ineffective in closing the polarization gap, suggesting that structural – on top of behavioral - changes are needed to mend existing fractions and heal the society.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235443
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9073 (2021)
    Schlagworte: identity; norms; nudging; polarization; social preferences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 93 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Exploring behavioral motivations as drivers for the adoption of bio-economy innovations
    Autor*in: Wensing, Joana
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, Bonn

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Fachhochschule Erfurt, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Universität Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Bibliothek der Hochschule Hannover
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    Bibliothek im Kurt-Schwitters-Forum
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Hochschule Osnabrück, Bibliothek Campus Westerberg
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Standort Stendal, Bibliothek
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    UB Weimar
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Bröring, Stefanie (AkademischeR BetreuerIn); Heckelei, Thomas (AkademischeR BetreuerIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 20.500.11811/8837
    Schlagworte: Innovationsadoption; umweltbewusstes Verhalten; Werte; Glaubenssätze; Normen; Systemisches Denken; Nudging; Bioökonomie; innovation adoption; pro-environmental behavior; values; beliefs; norms; systems thinking; nudging; bio-economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 153 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 2020
  5. Saving at tax time
    do additional retroactive savings opportunities increase retirement savings?
    Autor*in: Blaufus, Kay; Milde, Michael; Schaefer, Marcel
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre, Berlin

    Using a series of experiments, we examine whether the additional opportunity to save retroactively for retirement at the time of tax filing increases overall retirement savings. Our findings show that introducing the additional savings opportunity at... mehr

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    Using a series of experiments, we examine whether the additional opportunity to save retroactively for retirement at the time of tax filing increases overall retirement savings. Our findings show that introducing the additional savings opportunity at tax time increases the total savings rate by almost 5 percentage points. This positive effect holds regardless of whether retirement savings are taxed immediately (back-loaded pension plans) or deferred (front-loaded pension plans) or whether subjects expect back taxes or a tax refund. We show that the effect is not due to higher tax salience at tax time but that the additional offer to save nudges impulsive savings behavior. Policymakers may thus consider the introduction of an additional savings opportunity at tax time as a policy tool to encourage retirement savings. In addition, policymakers should consider the advantage of immediate over deferred taxation in increasing retirement savings. We show that the savings gap between immediate and deferred taxation found in previous studies can expand further if savings are additionally allowed at tax filing.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266490
    Schriftenreihe: Arqus discussion paper ; no. 272 (November 2022)
    Schlagworte: Retirement savings; tax incentives; impulsive savings; tax salience; nudging; deferred taxa-tion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Do grocery feedback systems enabling access to past consumption impact individual food purchase behavior?
    Autor*in: Koski, Heli; Kuikkaniemi, Kai; Pantzar, Mika
    Erschienen: 18.04.2023
    Verlag:  Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki

    This article empirically explores whether and how providing consumers with detailed access to their past food purchase data at different levels of aggregation affects their subsequent food purchase behavior. We employ unique data covering more than... mehr

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    This article empirically explores whether and how providing consumers with detailed access to their past food purchase data at different levels of aggregation affects their subsequent food purchase behavior. We employ unique data covering more than 84,000 quarterly observations on Finnish consumers' purchases of various food items from August 2018 to January 2021, as well as their usage of a digital application that provides past purchase data. The data indicate that a digital feedback application that provides consumers with detailed visual and numerical information about their past food item purchases, including both monetary and health-related measures, can impact their future purchase patterns. We find apparent food item-specific and sex-, age- and household-type-specific differences in the ways that the usage of digital feedback applications affects consumers' food purchase patterns. We find that the feedback system's usage had the most noticeable and comprehensive impact on the purchase of fruit and vegetables, which was its most promoted and salient feature and provided more detailed purchase information than that for any other food category since the launch of the feedback system. Our empirical findings thus indicate that information salience does matter.

     
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    hdl: 10419/274205
    Schriftenreihe: ETLA working papers ; 103
    Schlagworte: Behavioral economics; consumer choice,bounded rationality; salience; food purchases; digital feedback applications; nudging
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Willingness to pay for carbon mitigation
    field evidence from the market for carbon offsets
    Autor*in: Rodemeier, Matthias
    Erschienen: February 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    What do markets for voluntary climate protection imply about people's valuations of en- vironmental protection? I study this question in a large-scale field experiment (N=255,000) with a delivery service, where customers are offered carbon offsets... mehr

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    What do markets for voluntary climate protection imply about people's valuations of en- vironmental protection? I study this question in a large-scale field experiment (N=255,000) with a delivery service, where customers are offered carbon offsets that compensate for emissions. To estimate demand for carbon mitigation, I randomize whether the delivery service subsidizes the price of the offset or matches the offset's impact on carbon mitigation. I find that consumers are price-elastic but fully impact-inelastic. This would imply that consumers buy offsets but their willingness to pay (WTP) for the carbon it mitigates is zero. However, I show that consumers can be made sensitive to impact through a simple information treatment that increases the salience of subsidies and matches. Salient information increases average WTP for carbon mitigation from zero to 16 EUR/tCO2. Two complementary surveys reveal that consumers have a limited comprehension of the carbon-mitigating attribute of offsets and, as a result, appear indifferent to impact variations in the absence of information. Finally, I show that the widely-used contingent valuation approach poorly captures revealed preferences: Average hypothetical WTP in a survey is 200 EUR/tCO2, i.e., 1,150% above the revealed preference estimate.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272566
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15939
    Schlagworte: climate change; carbon mitigation; willingness to pay; carbon offsets; contingent valuation; nudging
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Can social comparisons and moral appeals increase public transport ridership and decrease car use?
    Autor*in: Gessner, Johannes; Habla, Wolfgang; Wagner, Ulrich J.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    In a field experiment with 341 participants, we study whether social comparisons, either in isolation or in combination with a climate-related moral appeal, can change the use of public and car-related transportation. We do so in the context of a... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    In a field experiment with 341 participants, we study whether social comparisons, either in isolation or in combination with a climate-related moral appeal, can change the use of public and car-related transportation. We do so in the context of a mobility budget offered to employees of a large German company as an alternative to a company car. The budget can be used to pay for both leisure and commuting trips, and for various modes of transport. Behavioral interventions in this setting are of particular interest, since companies are constrained to significantly alter financial benefits to employees yet strive to lower carbon emissions via a shift to low-emission transport modes. We find strong evidence for a reduction in car-related mobility in response to the combined treatment, driven by reduced expenditures for taxi and UBER rides. This is accompanied by substitution towards micromobility, but not towards public transport. Furthermore, we do not find any effects of the social comparison alone. Our results demonstrate that norm-based nudges are able to change transportation behavior, at least temporarily.

     
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    hdl: 10419/270438
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 23, 003 (01/2023)
    Schlagworte: mobility behavior; randomized experiment; nudging; descriptive norm; injunctive norm; social norms; moral appeal; habit formation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Nudging: an experiment on transparency, controlling for reactance and decision time
    Autor*in: Schütze, Tobias; Spitzer, Carsten; Wichardt, Philipp C.
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Is being informed about nudging detrimental to the effect of the nudge? This paper reports results from an experimental study (n = 623) testing the effects of transparency on the effectiveness of a default nudge while controlling for reactance and... mehr

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    Is being informed about nudging detrimental to the effect of the nudge? This paper reports results from an experimental study (n = 623) testing the effects of transparency on the effectiveness of a default nudge while controlling for reactance and decision time. Overall, the data show that more people follow the default if the nudge is made transparent. More importantly, though, effects of transparency differ depending on whether people are fast or slow in their decision making. In particular, (only) slow decision makers react more positively (keeping the default) if nudging is made transparent. Moreover, the data also show an interaction of reactance and decision time in that more reactant subjects making slower decisions respond more negatively (i.e. leave the default more often). Thus, a positive effect of transparency as well as a negative impact of reactance can be established in the data if decision time is accounted for.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279350
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10599 (2023)
    Schlagworte: nudging; transparency; reactance; decision time
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Consumption feedback and water saving
    an experiment in the metropolitan area of Milan
    Autor*in: Clò, Stefano; Reggiani, Tommaso; Ruberto, Sabrina
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Masaryk University, Brno

    This paper questions whether informative feedback on consumption can nudge water saving behavioral change. For this purpose, we launched a five-month online information campaign which involved equipping around 1,000 households located in the province... mehr

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    This paper questions whether informative feedback on consumption can nudge water saving behavioral change. For this purpose, we launched a five-month online information campaign which involved equipping around 1,000 households located in the province of Milan (Italy) with a smart meter. Treated households received monthly reports via email on their per capita daily average water consumption, which included a social comparison component (consumption class size). The difference-in-differences analysis showed that, compared to the control group, treated units reduced their daily per capita water consumption by more than 10 % (22 liters or 5.8 gallons). This additional water saving increased with the number of monthly reports, though it did not persist two months after the campaign expired. The impact of the campaign was heterogeneous across consumption classes, while a Regression Discontinuity Design analysis showed that different feedback on consumption class size differentially affected water saving at the margin. Finally, being able to observe the email opening rate, we complemented the ITT analysis by developing a Per Protocol (PP) analysis, where non-adherent units were excluded from the treated group. Both ITT and PP provide consistent conclusions, thus augmenting the level of confidence in the study results.

     
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    hdl: 10419/274014
    Auflage/Ausgabe: WP version - January 2023
    Schriftenreihe: MUNI ECON ; n. 2023, 02
    Schlagworte: water saving; nudging; field experiment; online information campaign; information feedback
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Nudging in complex environments
    Autor*in: Koch, Alexander K.; Monster, Dan; Nafziger, Julia
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    To study the effects of reminder nudges in complex environments, we apply a novel experimental approach based on a computer game in which decision makers have to pay attention to and perform multiple actions within a short period of time. The set-up... mehr

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    To study the effects of reminder nudges in complex environments, we apply a novel experimental approach based on a computer game in which decision makers have to pay attention to and perform multiple actions within a short period of time. The set-up allows us, first, to test the effect of reminders both on reminded and non-reminded actions and thus to observe whether reminders have (positive or negative) spillovers. Second, we investigate spillovers between multiple nudges by testing the effect of scaling up the number of reminded actions. Third, we study intertemporal spillovers by investigating whether the effects of having been exposed to reminders persist after reminders are withdrawn. We observe that reminders have positive effects in the short run - multiple reminders more so than single reminders: while reminders lead to crowding-out of non-reminded actions, the positive effect on the reminded actions dominates. Yet, after withdrawal of the reminders, the negative spillover effect persists, while the positive effect partially fades out so that, overall, reminders have no effect.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272764
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16137
    Schlagworte: nudging; spillover effects; attention; reminders; persistence; game-based experiments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Keep it simple: a field experiment on information sharing among strangers
    Autor*in: Batista, Catia; Fafchamps, Marcel; Vicente, Pedro C.
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    SMS information campaigns are increasingly used for policy. We conduct a field experiment to study information sharing through mobile phone messages. Subjects are rural households in Mozambique who have access to mobile money. In the baseline... mehr

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    SMS information campaigns are increasingly used for policy. We conduct a field experiment to study information sharing through mobile phone messages. Subjects are rural households in Mozambique who have access to mobile money. In the baseline intervention, subjects receive an SMS containing simple instructions on how to redeem a voucher for mobile money. They can share this non-rival information with other exogenously assigned subjects unknown to them. We find that few participants redeem the voucher. They nonetheless share it with others and many share information about the voucher they do not use themselves. Information is shared more when communication is anonymous and we find no evidence of more sharing with subjects who have similar characteristics. We introduce treatments to increase the cost of sending a message, shame those who do not send the voucher to others, or allow subjects to appropriate the value of information. All these treatments decrease information sharing. To encourage information diffusion among strangers, the best is to 'keep it simple'.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250441
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14780
    Schlagworte: SMS information campaign; nudging; mobile money; anonymity; empathy; shared identity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten)
  13. Nudging enforcers
    how norm perceptions and motives for lying shape sanctions
    Autor*in: Dimant, Eugen; Gesche, Tobias
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The enforcement of social norms is the fabric of a functioning society. Through the lens of mul-tiple studies using different methodologies (a behavioral experiment and a vignette experiment in Study 1, as well as a norm elicitation experiment in... mehr

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    The enforcement of social norms is the fabric of a functioning society. Through the lens of mul-tiple studies using different methodologies (a behavioral experiment and a vignette experiment in Study 1, as well as a norm elicitation experiment in Study 2), we examine how motives for lying and norm perceptions steer norm enforcement. Pursuing a pre-registered three-part data collection effort, our study investigates the extent to which norm breaches are sanctioned, how norm-nudges affect punishment behavior, and how enforcement links to norm perceptions. Using a representative sample of U.S. participants, we provide robust evidence that norm-enforcement is not only sensitive to the magnitude of the observed transgression (= size of the lie) but also to the consequence of the transgression (= whether the lie remedies or creates payoff inequalities). We also find that norm enforcers are sensitive to different norm-nudges that convey social in-formation about actual lying behavior or its social disapproval. Importantly, these results hold both in the behavioral experiment and in an add-on vignette study that confirm the robustness of our findings in the context of whistleblowing. To explain the punishment patterns of the behavioral experiment in Study 1, we subsequently examine how norms are perceived across dif-ferent transgressions and how norm-nudges change these perceptions. We find that social norm perceptions are malleable: norm-nudges are most effective when preexisting norms are vague. Importantly, we find that punishment patterns in the first experiment closely follow these norm perceptions. With that, our findings suggest that norm enforcement can be nudged successfully.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248930
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9385 (2021)
    Schlagworte: lying; norm-nudges; nudging; punishment; social norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. When do reminders work?
    memory constraints and medical adherence
    Autor*in: Barron, Kai; Damgaard, Mette Trier; Gravert, Christina
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    An extensive literature shows that reminders can successfully change behavior. Yet, there exists substantial unexplained heterogeneity in their effectiveness, both: (i) across studies, and (ii) across individuals within a particular study. This paper... mehr

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    An extensive literature shows that reminders can successfully change behavior. Yet, there exists substantial unexplained heterogeneity in their effectiveness, both: (i) across studies, and (ii) across individuals within a particular study. This paper investigates when and why re-minders work. We develop a theoretical model that highlights three key mechanisms through which reminders may operate. To test the predictions of the model, we run a nationwide field experiment on medical adherence with over 4000 pregnant women in South Africa and document several key results. First, we find an extremely strong baseline demand for reminders. This demand increases after exposure to reminders, suggesting that individuals learn how valuable they are for freeing up memory resources. Second, stated adherence is increased by pure reminders and reminders containing a moral suasion component, but interestingly, reminders containing health information reduce adherence in our setting. Using a structural model, we show that heterogeneity in memory costs (or, equivalently, annoyance costs) is crucial for explaining the observed behavior.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267229
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9996 (2022)
    Schlagworte: nudging; reminders; memory; attention; medication adherence; structural model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Meta-nudging honesty
    past, present, and future of the research frontier
    Autor*in: Dimant, Eugen; Shalvi, Shaul
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Achieving successful and long-lasting behavior change via nudging comes with challenges. This is particularly true when choice architects attempt to change behavior that is collectively harmful but individually beneficial, such as dishonesty. Here,... mehr

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    Achieving successful and long-lasting behavior change via nudging comes with challenges. This is particularly true when choice architects attempt to change behavior that is collectively harmful but individually beneficial, such as dishonesty. Here, we introduce the concept of 'meta-nudging' and illustrate its potential benefits in the context of promoting honesty. The meta-nudging approach implies that instead of nudging end-users directly, one would nudge them indirectly via "social influencers". That is, one can arguably achieve better success by changing the behavior of those who have the ability to enforce other's behavior and norm adherence. We argue that this represents a promising new behavior change approach that helps overcome some of the challenges that the classical nudging approach has faced. We use the case of nudging honesty to develop the theoretical foundation of meta-nudging and discuss avenues for future work.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265974
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9939 (2022)
    Schlagworte: behaviour change; honesty; lying; nudging
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa10Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The importance of a helping hand in education and in life
    Autor*in: Gallego, Francisco A.; Oreopoulos, Philip; Spencer, Noah
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  [Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile], [Macul, Santiago, Chile]

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    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / Instituto de Economia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ; 575 (2023)
    Schlagworte: behavioral biases; social connections; personal assistance; nudging; education policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Incentivizing healthy food choices using add-on bundling
    a field experiment
    Autor*in: Bandi, Nymisha; Cohen, Maxime C.; Ray, Saibal
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  GERAD, HÉC Montréal, Montréal (Québec), Canada

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    Schriftenreihe: Les cahiers du GERAD ; G-2023, 49 (November 2023)
    Schlagworte: Healthy eating; field experiment; nudging; bundling
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen