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  1. Land, climate, energy, agriculture and development in the Sahel
    synthesis paper of case studies under the Sudano-Sahelian initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security
    Autor*in: Mirzabaev, Alisher; Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu; Sylla, Mouhamadou Bamba; Dimobe, Kangbéni; Sanfo, Safietou; Assefa Admassie; Abebaw, Degnet; Coulibaly, Ousmane Nafolo; Rabani, Adamou; Ibrahim, Boubacar; Bonkaney, Abdou Latif; Seyni, Abdoul Aziz; Idrissa, Mamoudou; Olayide, Olawale Emmanuel; Faye, Amy; Dièye, Mohamadou; Diakhaté, Pape Bilal; Bèye, Assane; Sall, Moussa; Diop, Mbaye; Osman, Abdelrahman; Ali, Adil M.; Garba, Issa; Baumüller, Heike; Ouedraogo, Souleymane; Braun, Joachim von
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Center for Development Research, Bonn, Germany

    This paper synthesizes a set of national case studies conducted in the Sahelian countries during 2019- 2020 as a collaboration between national universities and research institutes, and the Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn,... mehr

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    This paper synthesizes a set of national case studies conducted in the Sahelian countries during 2019- 2020 as a collaboration between national universities and research institutes, and the Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, with contributions from the Agrhymet Regional Centre, Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS). These case studies provide up-to-date knowledge and critical insights on the nexus of land degradation, climate change and energy in the Sahel. The current synthesis paper highlights their major findings and provides crosscutting and cross-regional analytical conclusions. First, the synthesis paper explores current trends in the Sahel region on land use and land degradation, energy use and supply, climate change projections and impacts, as well as their interactions and links to agricultural growth, food security, poverty reduction, and peace in the region. Second, technological, socio-economic and policy solutions at the nexus of land, water, energy and climate challenges that enable environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive rural development in the Sahel are discussed, including their interactions and implications for peace and stability in the region. The findings show that such socio-economic solutions as improving access to markets, strengthening social safety nets, increasing investments to transport and energy infrastructures, promoting land tenure security, expanding off-farm employment opportunities can greatly contribute to rural development in the Sahel, particularly by aiding climate change resilience and sustainable land management. Key technological innovations highlighted across the case studies include expanding irrigation and adopting water use efficient irrigation techniques, crop diversification, expanding agricultural mechanization, investing into restoring and rehabilitating degraded lands through reforestation, afforestation and agroforestry practices. The key lessons learnt from ongoing national policy initiatives for sustainable development highlight the importance of active stakeholder consultation and participation in policy formulation, institution of effective policy monitoring and assessment mechanisms, and avoiding of excessive reliance on external sources of funding for the successful implementation of sustainable development policies and programs. Based on these findings, the synthesis paper proposes an agenda for applied research to provide guidance to and accompany promising development strategies in and for the region.

     
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    hdl: 10419/246473
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 204
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftsentwicklung; Agrarpolitik; Energiepolitik; Umweltpolitik; Entwicklungshilfe; Sahel; water-energy-food security nexus; food insecurity; land degradation; climate change adaptation; development policies; job creation; infrastructure; conflicts; future research agenda
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The economic effects of private equity buyouts
    Autor*in: Davis, Steven J.; Haltiwanger, John C.; Handley, Kyle; Lipsius, Ben; Lerner, Joshua; Miranda, Javier
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    We examine thousands of U.S. private equity (PE) buyouts from 1980 to 2013, a period that saw huge swings in credit market tightness and GDP growth. Our results show striking, systematic differences in the real-side effects of PE buyouts, depending... mehr

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    We examine thousands of U.S. private equity (PE) buyouts from 1980 to 2013, a period that saw huge swings in credit market tightness and GDP growth. Our results show striking, systematic differences in the real-side effects of PE buyouts, depending on buyout type and external conditions. Employment at target firms shrinks 13% over two years in buyouts of publicly listed firms but expands 13% in buyouts of privately held firms, both relative to contemporaneous outcomes at control firms. Labor productivity rises 8% at targets over two years post buyout (again, relative to controls), with large gains for both public-to-private and private-to-private buyouts. Target productivity gains are larger yet for deals executed amidst tight credit conditions. A post-buyout widening of credit spreads or slowdown in GDP growth lowers employment growth at targets and sharply curtails productivity gains in public-to-private and divisional buy-outs. Average earnings per worker fall by 1.7% at target firms after buyouts, largely erasing a pre-buyout wage premium relative to controls. Wage effects are also heterogeneous. In these and other respects, the economic effects of private equity vary greatly by buyout type and with external conditions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251481
    Schriftenreihe: Jena economic research papers ; # 2021, 013
    Schlagworte: Private equity buyouts; business cycle; business dynamics; real effects; job creation; productivity; wages; administrative data; large matched sample
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Whose job is it anyway?
    co-ethnic hiring in new U.S. ventures
    Autor*in: Pekkala Kerr, Sari; Kerr, William R.
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau ; 21, 05 (March 2021)
    Schlagworte: Unternehmensgründung; Migrantenunternehmen; Personalbeschaffung; Ethnische Gruppe; Ethnische Vielfalt; USA; Hiring; immigration; entrepreneurship; job creation; E-Verify
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Los efectos del salario mínimo interprofesional en el empleo
    nueva evidencia para España
    Autor*in: Barceló, Cristina; Izquierdo, Mario; Lacuesta, Aitor; Puente, Sergio; Regil, Ana Valentina; Villanueva, Ernesto
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos ocasionales / Banco de España ; no. 2113
    Schlagworte: minimum wage; difference in differences; job losses; job creation; collective bargaining; minimum wages under collective agreements
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Income taxation and job creation
    Autor*in: Röhrs, Johanna
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  BGPE, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics, Erlangen-Nuremberg

    In this paper, I argue that there is an inefficiently high number of job creators in a model with labour market imperfections and an endogenous decision to become a job creator. I therefore augment the standard labour matching model developed by... mehr

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    In this paper, I argue that there is an inefficiently high number of job creators in a model with labour market imperfections and an endogenous decision to become a job creator. I therefore augment the standard labour matching model developed by Mortensen and Pissarides by an endogenous job decision that is based on heterogeneous job creation abilities. In the decentralised market, job creators can appropriate large parts of the surplus from matches therefore making job creation too attractive relative to the firstbest. It can hence be welfare enhancing to tax the profits from job creation. The introduction of a tax on the profits of job creators restores the firstbest allocation by affecting the job decision. It drives rather unproductive job creators out of the market since the marginal job creator is affected and not the average one. Thus, the negative effects to job creation are small. Moreover, the tax does not distort vacancy posting and hiring choice of firms.

     
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    hdl: 10419/237999
    Schriftenreihe: BGPE discussion paper ; no. 208
    Schlagworte: optimal taxation; imperfect labour markets; job creation; entrepreneurship
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Income inequality, financial intermediation, and small firms
    Autor*in: Dörr, Sebastian; Drechsel, Thomas; Lee, Donggyu
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department, [Basel]

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    Schriftenreihe: BIS working papers ; no 944 (May 2021)
    Schlagworte: income inequality; job creation; smallbusinesses; bank lending; household heterogeneity; financial frictions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Unskilled labour before the Industrial Revolution
    Autor*in: Paker, Meredith; Stephenson, Judy; Wallis, Patrick
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK

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    Schriftenreihe: Economic history working papers / London School of Economics and Political Science ; no: 322
    Schlagworte: labour markets; construction; unskilled labour; churn; job creation; tenure; early modern; construction workers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. A long view of employment growth and firm dynamics in the United States
    importers vs. exporters vs. non-traders
    Autor*in: Handley, Kyle; Kamal, Fariha; Wei, Ouyang
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau ; 21, 38 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: exporters; importers; job creation; job destruction; entry; exit
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Robotics technology and firm-level employment adjustment in Japan
    Autor*in: Ni, Bin; Obashi, Ayako
    Erschienen: November 2020
    Verlag:  Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, [Jakarta]

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    Schriftenreihe: ERIA discussion paper series ; ERIA-DP-2020-21 = no. 348
    Schlagworte: firm-level data; robot; job creation; job destruction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Job tenure and unskilled workers before the industrial revolution
    St Paul's Cathedral 1672-1748
    Autor*in: Paker, Meredith; Stephenson, Judy; Wallis, Patrick
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK

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    Schriftenreihe: Economic history working papers / London School of Economics and Political Science ; no: 343
    Schlagworte: labour markets; construction; unskilled labour; churn; job creation; tenure; early modern; construction workers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Income inequality and job creation
    Autor*in: Lee, Donggyu; Dörr, Sebastian; Drechsel, Thomas
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, NY

    This paper shows that rising top income shares affect job creation at firms of different sizes. High-income households save relatively more in stocks and bonds, and less in bank deposits. We propose that a higher income share of top earners therefore... mehr

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    This paper shows that rising top income shares affect job creation at firms of different sizes. High-income households save relatively more in stocks and bonds, and less in bank deposits. We propose that a higher income share of top earners therefore channels funds to large firms, but tightens financing conditions for small, bank-dependent firms. In turn, small firms create relatively fewer jobs. Exploiting variation in top incomes across U.S. states and an instrumental variable strategy, we establish that an increase in the top 10 percent income share reduces the job creation rate of small firms, relative to large firms. Very small firms and those in bank-dependent industries are most affected. Experiments in a quantitative macroeconomic model show that growing top incomes account for 16 percent of the decline in the employment share of small firms since 1980, and that ignoring the link between inequality and job creation understates welfare effects of income redistribution.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266105
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised August 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Staff reports / Federal Reserve Bank of New York ; no. 1021 (June 2022)
    Schlagworte: income inequality; job creation; small businesses; bank lending; household heterogeneity; financial frictions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Fiscal policies for job creation and innovation
    the experiences of US states
    Autor*in: Chirinko, Robert S.; Wilson, Daniel J.
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    This paper reviews selected fiscal policy initiatives undertaken by US states to encourage job creation and innovation. We begin with a discussion of some general considerations about the design of tax policies summarized in a tax policy design... mehr

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    This paper reviews selected fiscal policy initiatives undertaken by US states to encourage job creation and innovation. We begin with a discussion of some general considerations about the design of tax policies summarized in a tax policy design table. Four policies are reviewed: job creation tax credits, research and development tax credits, a set of tax policies targeted to the biotechnology industry, and a broad set of tax policies that attract star scientists. The experiences at the state level are used to evaluate the effectiveness of these employment and knowledge-capital tax incentives in creating jobs and spurring innovation. The paper concludes with four other considerations need to be taken into account in selecting policies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271802
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10158 (2022)
    Schlagworte: targeted state fiscal policies; employment tax incentives; job creation; knowledge-capital tax incentives; innovation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)
  13. The impact of quality foundational skills on youth employment in Africa
    does institutional quality matter?
    Autor*in: Olagunju, Kehinde Oluseyi; Ogunniyi, Adebayo Isaiah; Oguntegbe, Kunle Francis; Oyetunde-Usman, Zainab A.; Adenuga, Adewale H.; Andam, Kwaw S.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: IFPRI discussion paper ; 01963 (September 2020)
    Schlagworte: Basic education; job creation; youth; institutions; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The influence of start-up motivation on entrepreneurial performance
    Autor*in: Caliendo, Marco; Kritikos, Alexander; Stier, Claudia
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Predicting entrepreneurial development based on individual and business-related characteristics is a key objective of entrepreneurship research. In this context, we investigate whether the motives of becoming an entrepreneur influence the subsequent... mehr

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    Predicting entrepreneurial development based on individual and business-related characteristics is a key objective of entrepreneurship research. In this context, we investigate whether the motives of becoming an entrepreneur influence the subsequent entrepreneurial development. In our analysis, we examine a broad range of business outcomes including survival and income, as well as job creation, expansion and innovation activities for up to 40 months after business formation. Using self-determination theory as conceptual background, we aggregate the start-up motives into a continuous motivational index. We show - based on a unique dataset of German start-ups from unemployment and non-unemployment - that the later business performance is better, the higher they score on this index. Effects are particularly strong for growth oriented outcomes like innovation and expansion activities. In a next step, we examine three underlying motivational categories that we term opportunity, career ambition, and necessity. We show that individuals driven by opportunity motives perform better in terms of innovation and business expansion activities, while career ambition is positively associated with survival, income, and the probability of hiring employees. All effects are robust to the inclusion of a large battery of covariates that are proven to be important determinants of entrepreneurial performance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272420
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15793
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; push and pull theories; start-up motivation; survival; job creation; firm growth; innovation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Agricultural R&D investments and policy development goals in sub-Saharan Africa
    assessing prioritization of value chains in Senegal
    Autor*in: Benfica, Rui
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: IFPRI discussion paper ; 02102 (January 2022)
    Schlagworte: Agriculture; CGE model; TFP; R&D investments; knowledge stocks; poverty reduction; AFS growth; job creation; dietary diversity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Whose job is it anyway?
    co-ethnic hiring in new U.S. ventures
    Autor*in: Pekkala Kerr, Sari; Kerr, William R.
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 21, 101
    Schlagworte: Unternehmensgründung; Migrantenunternehmen; Personalbeschaffung; Ethnische Gruppe; Ethnische Vielfalt; USA; Hiring; immigration; entrepreneurship; job creation; E-Verify
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. May AI revolution be labour-friendly?
    some micro evidence from the supply side
    Autor*in: Damioli, Giacomo; Van Roy, Vincent; Vertesy, Daniel; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study investigates the possible job-creation impact of AI technologies, focusing on the supply side, namely the providers of the new knowledge base. The empirical analysis is based on a worldwide longitudinal dataset of 3,500 front-runner... mehr

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    This study investigates the possible job-creation impact of AI technologies, focusing on the supply side, namely the providers of the new knowledge base. The empirical analysis is based on a worldwide longitudinal dataset of 3,500 front-runner companies that patented the relevant technologies over the period 2000-2016. Obtained from GMM-SYS estimates, our results show a positive and significant impact of AI patent families on employment, supporting the labour-friendly nature of product innovation in the AI supply industries. However, this effect is small in magnitude and limited to service sectors and younger firms, which are the leading actors of the AI revolution. Finally, some evidence of increasing returns seems to emerge; indeed, the innovative companies which are more focused on AI technologies are those obtaining the larger impacts in terms of job creation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236340
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14309
    Schlagworte: innovation; technological change; patents; employment; job creation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The heterogeneous effect of minimum wage on labor market flows in Colombia
    Autor*in: Flórez, Luz A.; Hermida, Didier; Morales, Leonardo Fabio
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Banco de la Republica Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

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    hdl: 0.500.12134/10498
    Schriftenreihe: Borradores de economía ; no. 1213 (2022)
    Schlagworte: minimum wage compliance cost; job destruction; job creation; worker and job reallocation; churning; firms's size; firm's age; and young workers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Income inequality and job creation
    Autor*in: Drechsel, Thomas; Dörr, Sebastian; Lee, Donggyu
    Erschienen: 30 May 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17342
    Schlagworte: Income inequality; job creation; small businesses; bank lending; Householdheterogeneity; Financial Frictions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups
    Autor*in: Caliendo, Marco; Kritikos, Alexander; Rodríguez, Daniel; Stier, Claudia
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities.... mehr

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    Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growthoriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272475
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15848
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; firm performance; general self-efficacy; survival; job creation; innovation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups
    Autor*in: Caliendo, Marco; Kritikos, Alexander; Rodríguez, Daniel; Stier, Claudia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Universität Potsdam, Potsdam

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    Schriftenreihe: CEPA discussion papers ; no. 61 (January 2023)
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; firm performance; general self-efficacy; survival; job creation; innovation
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    Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growth-oriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators
  22. Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups
    Autor*in: Caliendo, Marco; Kritikos, Alexander; Rodríguez, Daniel; Stier, Claudia
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities.... mehr

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    Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growthoriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators.

     
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    hdl: 10419/268722
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 2030
    Schlagworte: Entrepreneurship; firm performance; general self-efficacy; survival; job creation; innovation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Intuit QuickBooks Small Business Index
    a new employment series for the US, Canada, and the UK
    Autor*in: Akcigit, Ufuk; Chhina, Raman; Cilasun, Seyit Mümin; Miranda, Javier; Ocakverdi, Eren; Serrano-Velarde, Nicolas
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) - Member of the Leibniz Association, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Small and young businesses are essential for job creation, innovation, and economic growth. Even most of the superstar firms start their business life small and then grow over time. Small firms have less internal resources, which makes them more... mehr

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    Small and young businesses are essential for job creation, innovation, and economic growth. Even most of the superstar firms start their business life small and then grow over time. Small firms have less internal resources, which makes them more fragile and sensitive to macroeconomic conditions. This suggests the need for frequent and real-time monitoring of the small business sector’s health. Previously this was difficult due to a lack of appropriate data. This paper fills this important gap by developing a new Intuit QuickBooks Small Business Index that focuses on the smallest of small businesses with at most 9 workers in the US and the UK and at most 19 workers in Canada. The Index aggregates a sample of anonymous QuickBooks Online Payroll subscriber data (QBO Payroll sample) from 333,000 businesses in the US, 66,000 in Canada, and 25,000 in the UK. After comparing the QBO Payroll sample data to the official statistics, we remove the seasonal components and use a Flexible Least Squares method to calibrate the QBO Payroll sample data against official statistics. Finally, we use the estimated model and the QBO Payroll sample data to generate a near real-time index of economic activity. We show that the estimated model performs well both in-sample and out-of-sample. Additionally, we use this analysis for different regions and industries.

     
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    hdl: 10419/270977
    Schriftenreihe: IWH discussion papers ; 2023, no. 9 (May 2023)
    Schlagworte: Kleinstunternehmen; KMU; Erwerbstätigkeit; Entrepreneurship; Index; Indexberechnung; Unternehmensstatistik; Großbritannien; Kanada; USA; employment; entrepreneurship; index; job creation; small businesses; turnover
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 59 Seiten, 2,45 MB), Diagramme
  24. Job creation and job destruction dynamics in the U.S. truck transportation industry, 1995-2019
    Autor*in: Miller, Jason W.; Phares, Jonathan; Burks, Stephen V.
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Every year, approximately 27% of all jobs in the U.S. truck transportation sector (NAICS 484) are reshuffled across motor carriers as existing carriers grow or shrink, new entrants begin operations, and existing firms exit. Studying how these... mehr

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    Every year, approximately 27% of all jobs in the U.S. truck transportation sector (NAICS 484) are reshuffled across motor carriers as existing carriers grow or shrink, new entrants begin operations, and existing firms exit. Studying how these dynamics unfold, especially for young carriers, is critical to further our understanding of employment dynamics in the U.S. trucking industry. This manuscript takes a first look at job creation and job destruction dynamics in truck transportation, with a special emphasis on the roles of carrier age and on job creation and destruction dynamics in the manufacturing sector, the source of demand for most trucking ton-miles. In doing so, we draw on and extend theory in both supply chain management and economics. We test our predictions using archival data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Business Dynamics Statistics program that tracks the universe of truck transportation firms with employee establishments from 1995 through 2019, focusing on firms that are ten years old or younger. Results from fitting a series of linear mixed effects models provide strong evidence that job creation and job destruction dynamics at trucking firms decline rapidly as carriers age. We further find these age-related dynamics are moderated by employment dynamics in the manufacturing sector. We discuss implications of these findings for theory and practice.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278882
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16184
    Schlagworte: job creation; job destruction; motor carrier; U.S. trucking industry; business dynamics statistics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Creation, destruction and reallocation of jobs in Italian firms
    an analysis based on administrative data
    Autor*in: Citino, Luca; Di Porto, Edoardo; Linarello, Andrea; Lotti, Francesca; Petrella, Andrea; Sette, Enrico
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Questioni di economia e finanza / Banca d'Italia ; number 751 (March 2023)
    Schlagworte: reallocation; job creation; job destruction; COVID-19; recession; pandemic
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen