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  1. Hesiod's Ascra
    Autor*in: Edwards, Anthony T.
    Erschienen: [2004]; ©2005
    Verlag:  University of California Press, Berkeley, CA

    In Works and Days, one of the two long poems that have come down to us from Hesiod, the poet writes of farming, morality, and what seems to be a very nasty quarrel with his brother Perses over their inheritance. In this book, Anthony T. Edwards... mehr

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    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek - Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek
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    Bibliotheks-und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (BIS)
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    In Works and Days, one of the two long poems that have come down to us from Hesiod, the poet writes of farming, morality, and what seems to be a very nasty quarrel with his brother Perses over their inheritance. In this book, Anthony T. Edwards extracts from the poem a picture of the social structure of Ascra, the hamlet in northern Greece where Hesiod lived, most likely during the seventh century b.c.e. Drawing on the evidence of trade, food storage, reciprocity, and the agricultural regime as Hesiod describes them in Works and Days, Edwards reveals Ascra as an autonomous village, outside the control of a polis, less stratified and integrated internally than what we observe even in Homer. In light of this reading, theconflict between Hesiod and Perses emerges as a dispute about the inviolability of the community's external boundary and the degree of interobligation among those within the village. Hesiod's Ascra directly counters the accepted view of Works and Days, which has Hesiod describing a peasant society subordinated to the economic and political control of an outside elite. Through his deft analysis, Edwards suggests a new understanding of both Works and Days and the social and economic organization of Hesiod's time and place

     
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  2. Religion and tradition in conflict
    experimentally testing the power of social norms to invalidate religious law
    Autor*in: Engel, Christoph; Heine, Klaus; Naseer, Shaheen
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn

    Often, religion, law and tradition co-evolve. Religious precepts shape social practice, which translates into law. Yet this harmony is not universal. The Sharia guarantees daughters their share in the family estate. Yet in Pakistan, this rule clashes... mehr

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    Often, religion, law and tradition co-evolve. Religious precepts shape social practice, which translates into law. Yet this harmony is not universal. The Sharia guarantees daughters their share in the family estate. Yet in Pakistan, this rule clashes with tradition. While the country was jointly governed with (mainly Hindu) India, it had been customary that the entire estate goes to the eldest son. Combining a survey with a lab in the field experiment, we show that this is still the descriptive and the injunctive norm. Yet participants have a strong preference for the conflict to be dissolved by legislative intervention.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 21.11116/0000-0008-9A79-3
    hdl: 10419/245976
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods ; 2021, 13
    Schlagworte: religious norm; legal rule; descriptive and injunctive social norm; inheritance; gender discrimination; Sharia; experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Cultural Factors Influencing Gender Literacy Level
    A Case Study Of Village Dasuha, District Faisalabad
    Autor*in: Ambreen, Mamonah
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783838375359; 3838375351
    Weitere Identifier:
    9783838375359
    Auflage/Ausgabe: 1. Aufl.
    Weitere Schlagworte: (Produktform)Electronic book text; inheritance; Gender; Literacy; Mobility; barrier; Dowry; Patrilocal; Patriarchal and Partilineal.; (VLB-WN)1726: Soziologie/Frauenforschung, Geschlechterforschung
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  4. Time to smell the roses?
    risk aversion, the timing of inheritance receipt, and retirement
    Autor*in: Garbinti, Bertrand; Georges-Kot, Simon
    Erschienen: Janvier 2016
    Verlag:  INSEE, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Malakoff

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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Document de travail / Direction des études et synthèses économiques ; G 2016/01
    Schlagworte: Retirement; inheritance; labor supply; risk aversion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Family types and intimate-partner violence
    a historical perspective
    Autor*in: Tur-Prats, Ana
    Erschienen: June 2015
    Verlag:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Schriftenreihe: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 835
    Schlagworte: gender inequality; cultural norms; persistence; inheritance; coresidence; Christian conquest
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
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  6. Household wealth in the euro area
    the importance of intergenerational transfers, homeownership and house price dynamics
    Autor*in: Mathä, Thomas; Porpiglia, Alessandro; Ziegelmeyer, Michael
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  bcl, Luxembourg

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    Schriftenreihe: Cahier d'études / Banque Centrale du Luxembourg ; 91
    Schlagworte: household wealth; homeownership; property prices; inheritance; euro area
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (50 S.), graph. Darst.
    Bemerkung(en):

    Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
  7. Exploring the possibilities and boundaries of survey data for the analysis of wealth and wealth transfers
    Autor*in: Westermeier, Christian
    Erschienen: 2017

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    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    Schlagworte: wealth; inheritance; top wealth shares; simulation; survey statistics; imputation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 215 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin, 2017
  8. ''Non-competing social groups''?
    the long debate on social mobility in Italy (c. 1890-1960)
    Autor*in: Gabbuti, Giacomo
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    In the light of the recent literature on the intellectual history of inequality, this paper offers the first survey and a tentative classification of the Italian literature addressing issues related to social mobility, from late-19th century to the... mehr

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    In the light of the recent literature on the intellectual history of inequality, this paper offers the first survey and a tentative classification of the Italian literature addressing issues related to social mobility, from late-19th century to the 'Economic Miracle' of the 1950s. During these decades, the foremost Italian economists and statisticians (among others, Pareto, Gini, Einaudi and Pantaleoni) worked on issues, from the role of inheritance to the intergenerational transmission of status, which are very related to the modern understanding of social mobility. While reflecting the evolution and debates in Italian society, these authors participated to a broader international debate, that should lead us to reconsider the lack of interest for inequality by economists in this period.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273634
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This draft: October 16th, 2022
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2022, 32 (October 2022)
    Schlagworte: Social mobility; equality of opportunity; inheritance; Italian economic thought
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  9. Top wealth and its historical origins
    an analysis of Germany's largest privately held fortunes in 2019
    Autor*in: Tisch, Daria; Ischinsky, Emma
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, Germany

    Die zunehmende Vermögensungleichheit wird sowohl in aktuellen politischen Debatten als auch in den Sozialwissenschaften diskutiert. Trotz des breiten Interesses an der Vermögenskonzentration wissen wir bislang jedoch nur wenig über die größten... mehr

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    Die zunehmende Vermögensungleichheit wird sowohl in aktuellen politischen Debatten als auch in den Sozialwissenschaften diskutiert. Trotz des breiten Interesses an der Vermögenskonzentration wissen wir bislang jedoch nur wenig über die größten Privatvermögen. Daher untersuchen wir die historischen Ursprünge der 1.032 größten deutschen Vermögen des Jahres 2019. Wir ermitteln zunächst den Anteil der verwurzelten Vermögen - Vermögen, die auf den Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts zurückgehen - und fragen, inwieweit sie sich von jüngeren Vermögen unterscheiden. Außerdem untersuchen wir explorativ, ob verwurzelte Vermögen durch Familienlinien mit jüngeren Vermögen verbunden sind. Dazu greifen wir auf eine journalistische Reichenliste des manager magazins aus dem Jahr 2019 zurück, die wir sowohl mit Reichenlisten aus den Jahren 1912/1914 als auch mit Wikidata verknüpfen. Wir zeigen, dass etwa acht Prozent der heutigen Vermögen auf Vermögen zurückgehen, die dieselben Familien bereits 1913 besessen haben. Die Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass verwurzelte Vermögen durchschnittlich höher auf der Reichenliste rangieren als die übrigen Vermögen. Deskriptive Netzwerkanalysen weisen darauf hin, dass einige der größten Vermögen von heute durch Eheschließungen miteinander verbunden sind, was auf eine soziale Schließung an der Spitze der Vermögensverteilung hindeutet. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Akkumulation und die Aufrechterhaltung von Vermögen über Generationen hinweg wichtige Merkmale des deutschen Spitzenvermögens sind. Rising wealth inequality is both a topic in recent policy discussion and in the social sciences. Despite the general interest in wealth concentration, we know only little about the largest privately held fortunes. To help fill this gap we analyze the historical origins of Germany's 1,032 largest fortunes in 2019. In particular, we identify the share of entrenched fortunes - fortunes which date back to the beginning of the twentieth century - and ask to what extent they differ from more recently established ones. Furthermore, we examine in an exploratory way if entrenched fortunes are connected to fortunes with more recent origins through family lines. We use a journalistic rich list published by the manager magazin in 2019, which we link with both rich lists from 1912/1914 and Wikidata. We find that about eight percent of today's fortunes can be traced back to fortunes held by the same families in 1913. Regression analyses show that entrenched fortunes rank on average higher on the rich list than the remaining ones. Descriptive network analyses indicate that some of today's largest fortunes are intertwined through marital lines, hinting at social closure at the top. Our findings indicate that the accumulation and perpetuation of fortunes over many generations is an important feature of top wealth in Germany.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 21.11116/0000-000D-048A-3
    Schriftenreihe: MPIfG discussion paper ; 23/1
    Schlagworte: elite; family; inheritance; network analysis; super-rich; wealth perpetuation; Elite; Erbschaft; Familie; Netzwerkanalyse; Reichtum; Vermögen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (IV, 23 Seiten), Diagramme
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    Text englisch; Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
  10. Luck or rights?
    an experiment on preferences for redistribution following inheritance of opportunity
    Autor*in: Lekfuangfu, Warn N.; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Riyanto, Yohanes Eko
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We experimentally investigate whether people generally perceive inheritance as effort-induced or luck-induced. By randomly matched two strangers in a lab setting, we test whether the sources of opportunity handed down from the 'testator' subjects... mehr

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    We experimentally investigate whether people generally perceive inheritance as effort-induced or luck-induced. By randomly matched two strangers in a lab setting, we test whether the sources of opportunity handed down from the 'testator' subjects determines later redistributive decisions among the 'heir' subjects. On average, redistribution is highest among the heirs whose chance of winning is determined by the pure luck of the paired testator. In contrast, our subjects treat inherited opportunity generated by effort of someone else who they are artificially linked with as relatively fair. Our results suggest that people would feel entitled to bequests and inheritance unless the randomness of inheritance has been made salient to them.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252249
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15125
    Schlagworte: inheritance; fairness; redistribution; experiment; inequality of opportunity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Racial wealth disparities
    reconsidering the roles of human capital and inheritance
    Autor*in: Sabelhaus, John; Thompson, Jeffrey P.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Federal Reserve Bank of Boston], [Boston]

    In this paper, we present updated measures of racial disparities in wealth using the most recent data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), augmented by household-level estimates of defined benefit (DB) pension wealth developed by Sabelhaus and... mehr

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    In this paper, we present updated measures of racial disparities in wealth using the most recent data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), augmented by household-level estimates of defined benefit (DB) pension wealth developed by Sabelhaus and Volz (2020). Including this important asset, we find that racial wealth disparities are smaller than the numbers typically discussed in other research or in the media, but the disparities remain substantial. The paper proceeds by exploring two specific factors that have long been identified as playing potentially important roles in generating disparities in wealth by race, namely differences in earnings (education/human capital) and intergenerational transfers in the form of inheritances and inter vivos gifts. We contribute to the existing literature by introducing several data innovations in the exploration of these factors using the SCF. We augment the SCF data with individual-level lifetime earnings histories (developed by Jacobs et al. 2020, 2021) and enhanced measures of intergenerational transfers (developed by Feiveson and Sabelhaus 2018, 2019). We also create an expanded set of variables that reflect the range of pension coverage and generosity across workers. With all three of these new data components, we use non-parametric decomposition techniques to estimate their contributions to racial wealth gaps between white and non-white families. Differences in lifetime earnings, pension generosity, and a handful of other human capital and work-related variables explain three-quarters of the white/Black wealth gap and 80 to 90 percent of the white/Hispanic gap. Reweighting white family wealth to match the distribution of human capital traits of families of "other" races (including Asian, Native American and other groups) raises counterfactual white wealth to the level of "other" family wealth, nearly closing the white/"other" gap. Differences in intergenerational transfers are found to account for 13 to 16 percent of white/non-white private wealth gaps, although much of the influence of these transfers likely works through the human capital channel. Policies that successfully increase skills, employment, earnings, and pension coverage among low-wealth Black and Hispanic families will make important contributions to closing wealth gaps.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273024
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: September 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; no. 22, 3
    Schlagworte: racial wealth gap; inequality; human capital; lifetime earnings; retirement plans; pensions; inheritance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 104 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Condorcet was wrong, Pareto was right
    families, inheritance and inequality
    Autor*in: Cowell, Frank A.; Van de Gaer, Dirk
    Erschienen: [2017]
    Verlag:  Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, [London]

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    Schriftenreihe: Public Economics Programme discussion papers ; 34
    Schlagworte: wealth distribution; inheritance; inheritance taxation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The crucial role of social welfare criteria for optimal inheritance taxation
    Autor*in: García-Miralles, Esteban
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 1706
    Schlagworte: optimal taxation; inheritance; social welfare criteria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Wealth, inheritance, and concentration
    an "old" new perspective on Italy and its regions from unification to the great war
    Autor*in: Gabbuti, Giacomo; Morelli, Salvatore
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance, Department of Economics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance ; no. 695
    Schlagworte: inequality; inheritance; wealth; Liberal Italy; Southern Question
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Does the inheritance and gift tax reduce wealth inequality?
    it depends
    Autor*in: López Laborda, Julio
    Erschienen: julio de 2024
    Verlag:  [FEDEA], [Madrid]

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    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / Fedea ; 2024, 06
    Schlagworte: Inequality; wealth; inheritance; Inheritance and Gift Tax
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Wealth, inheritance, and concentration
    an "old" new perspective on Italy and its regions from unification to the Great War
    Autor*in: Gabbuti, Giacomo; Morelli, Salvatore
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Despite its relevance in 19th-century economics, wealth -its accumulation, composition, and distribution- has largely been neglected in Italian economic history. Filling this gap, we show that between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, Italy... mehr

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    Despite its relevance in 19th-century economics, wealth -its accumulation, composition, and distribution- has largely been neglected in Italian economic history. Filling this gap, we show that between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, Italy presented a historically high value of total private wealth but had relatively small relevance in total bequests flows in proportion to national income. Then, we present novel estimates of wealth concentration between 1863 and 1914, combining national tabulations of inheritance tax records and microdata archives for Milan and Naples. During this period, wealth concentration in Italy was in line with the highest levels ever recorded since the late Middle Ages. Contrary to the evidence of declining income inequality in the period -traditionally considered the industrial 'take-off' phase of Italy- we find no clear signs of trends in wealth concentration or structural changes in wealth composition. This picture is confirmed and enriched by novel findings about wealth concentration at provincial and regional levels in the early 20th century. We show a great deal of heterogeneity beyond national aggregates but find no evidence of the classic North-South divide when looking at concentration. Likewise, we find no clear link between concentration levels and asset composition or economic development. Although contemporary inequality is much lower than early 20th-century figures, the 'real' wealth of present 'millionaires' seems much higher than that of historically rich individuals. Overall, the paper lays the basis for a very long-run view of wealth in Italy and reconsiders the impact of its industrialization at the end of the Liberal period.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/297151
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This draft: November 27, 2023
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2023, 43 (November 2023)
    Schlagworte: inequality; inheritance; wealth; Liberal Italy; Southern Question
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Social insurance against a short life
    ante-mortem versus post-mortem policies
    Autor*in: Ponthière, Grégory
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Welfare States do not insure citizens against the risk of premature death, i.e., the risk of having a short life. Using a dynamic OLG model with risky lifetime, this paper compares two insurance devices reducing well-being volatility due to the risk... mehr

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    Welfare States do not insure citizens against the risk of premature death, i.e., the risk of having a short life. Using a dynamic OLG model with risky lifetime, this paper compares two insurance devices reducing well-being volatility due to the risk of early death: (i) an ante-mortem age-based statistical discrimination policy that consists of an allowance given to all young adults (including the unidentified adults who will die early); (ii) a post-mortem subsidy on accidental bequests due to early death. Each policy is financed by taxing old-age consumption. Whereas each device can yield full insurance, the youth allowance is shown to imply a higher lifetime well-being at the stationary equilibrium. The marginal utility of consumption exceeding the marginal utility of giving when being dead, the youth allowances system is, despite imperfect targeting, a more effi cient mechanism of insurance against the risk of early death.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279473
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1342
    Schlagworte: premature death; mortality risk; social insurance; inheritance; lifecycle models
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Long-term trends in the distribution of wealth and inheritance
    Autor*in: Davies, James B.; Lluberas, Rodrigo; Waldenström, Daniel
    Erschienen: June 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    This paper examines long-term trends in aggregate wealth and inheritance and in their distributions, focusing on developed economies. A key stylized fact is that wealth is less equally distributed than income. Financial assets predominate among the... mehr

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    This paper examines long-term trends in aggregate wealth and inheritance and in their distributions, focusing on developed economies. A key stylized fact is that wealth is less equally distributed than income. Financial assets predominate among the wealthy, while owner-occupied housing is crucial for middle groups, so higher stock prices raise wealth inequality while house price increases do the opposite. Inheritances exacerbate absolute wealth inequality but reduce rel-ative inequality. Wealth inequality declined in advanced Western countries during the first half of the 20th century, then stabilized or rose. Aggregate wealth-to-income ratios have fluctuated, re-flecting both market and policy influences, whereas inherited wealth proportions have declined over the long run. Continued increases in the value of employer-based pensions, housing and social security wealth in recent decades have acted to reduce wealth inequality, offsetting the disequalizing impact of financial asset price increases to a varying extent across countries.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/301309
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11183 (2024)
    Schlagworte: wealth; inheritance; inequality; saving; history
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen