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  1. Hesiod's Ascra
    Autor*in: Edwards, Anthony T.
    Erschienen: [2004]; ©2005
    Verlag:  University of California Press, Berkeley, CA

    In Works and Days, one of the two long poems that have come down to us from Hesiod, the poet writes of farming, morality, and what seems to be a very nasty quarrel with his brother Perses over their inheritance. In this book, Anthony T. Edwards... mehr

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    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek - Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek
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    Bibliotheks-und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (BIS)
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    Universitätsbibliothek Osnabrück
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    In Works and Days, one of the two long poems that have come down to us from Hesiod, the poet writes of farming, morality, and what seems to be a very nasty quarrel with his brother Perses over their inheritance. In this book, Anthony T. Edwards extracts from the poem a picture of the social structure of Ascra, the hamlet in northern Greece where Hesiod lived, most likely during the seventh century b.c.e. Drawing on the evidence of trade, food storage, reciprocity, and the agricultural regime as Hesiod describes them in Works and Days, Edwards reveals Ascra as an autonomous village, outside the control of a polis, less stratified and integrated internally than what we observe even in Homer. In light of this reading, theconflict between Hesiod and Perses emerges as a dispute about the inviolability of the community's external boundary and the degree of interobligation among those within the village. Hesiod's Ascra directly counters the accepted view of Works and Days, which has Hesiod describing a peasant society subordinated to the economic and political control of an outside elite. Through his deft analysis, Edwards suggests a new understanding of both Works and Days and the social and economic organization of Hesiod's time and place

     
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  2. Family patterns and social inequality among children in the United States 1940-2012
    a re-assessment
    Autor*in: Fahey, Tony
    Erschienen: December 8, 2015
    Verlag:  UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy, Dublin

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy discussion paper series ; 2015/23
    Schlagworte: Family Patterns; Social Inequality; United States; sibsize; family structure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten)
  3. Gender preferences in Central and Eastern Europe as reflected in partnership and fertility outcomes
    Autor*in: Myck, Michał; Oczkowska, Monika; Wowczko, Izabela
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The decisions of parents following the birth of their first child concerning subsequent fertility, and the stability of their relationship can be used as a reflection of broader gender preferences. We study these decisions to identify gender... mehr

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    The decisions of parents following the birth of their first child concerning subsequent fertility, and the stability of their relationship can be used as a reflection of broader gender preferences. We study these decisions to identify gender preferences in six Central and Eastern European countries, which vary with respect to their current political and economic conditions, but share a common experience of past communist rule. Using subsamples of census data collected in the IPUMS-International inventory around 2000 and 2010, we examine the effect of the gender of the first-born child(ren) on the fertility and relationship stability of their parents. Only in the case of Romania do our results consistently point towards boy preferences, while in Russia boy preferences can be detected in families with two or more children. Importantly, in four out of six countries (Belarus, Poland, Russia and Ukraine) parents are more likely to have a second child if the first-born was a boy, indicating girl preferences. These preferences could be interpreted as a reflection of concern regarding future care support for parents.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236275
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14244
    Schlagworte: gender preferences; fertility; family structure; transition countries
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. What explains differences in finance research productivity during the pandemic?
    Autor*in: Barber, Brad M.; Jiang, Wei; Morse, Adair; Puri, Manju; Tookes, Heather; Werner, Ingrid M.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  The Ohio State University, Fisher College of Business, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics, [Columbus, Ohio]

    Based on a survey of AFA members, we analyze how demographics, time allocation, production mechanisms, and institutional factors affect research production during the pandemic. Consistent with the literature, research productivity falls more for... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Based on a survey of AFA members, we analyze how demographics, time allocation, production mechanisms, and institutional factors affect research production during the pandemic. Consistent with the literature, research productivity falls more for women and faculty with young children. Independently, and novel, extra time spent teaching (much more likely for women) negatively affects research productivity. Also novel, concerns about feedback, isolation, and health have large negative research effects, which disproportionately affect junior faculty and PhD students. Finally, faculty who express greater concerns about employers’ finances report larger negative research effects and more concerns about feedback, isolation, and health

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers series / Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics ; WP 2020, 031
    Fisher College of Business working paper series ; WP 2020-03, 031
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; pandemic; academic finance profession; research productivity; gender; family structure; tenure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Fathering daughters and personality
    Autor*in: Lent, Max van
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The big five personality traits develop over a person's lifetime. There is some suggestive evidence that major life events - such as getting married, being fired from a job, and having children - affect personality. However, these associations cannot... mehr

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    The big five personality traits develop over a person's lifetime. There is some suggestive evidence that major life events - such as getting married, being fired from a job, and having children - affect personality. However, these associations cannot be interpreted as causal. This is the first paper that studies the causal effect of a life event - the gender of the first-born child - on the big five personality trait scores of fathers. Using yearly longitudinal data (2008 - 2020) I find that having a first-born daughter instead of son increases fathers' extraversion. The gender of the first child also affects labor market outcomes for fathers. Fathers of first-born daughters earn 127 euro more per month (i.e. 6.9% of the average monthly wage). This effect is not driven by changes in the number of hours worked or job switches.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250673
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15012
    Schlagworte: big five personality traits; human capital; life events; fertility; family structure; labor market outcomes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  6. Can public policy increase paternity acknowledgement?
    evidence from earnings-related parental leave
    Autor*in: Raute, Anna; Weber, Andrea; Zudenkova, Galina
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London, London

    A child's family structure is a fundamental determinant of future well-being, making it essential to understand how public policies affect the involvement of fathers. In this paper, we exploit a reform of the German parental leave system which... mehr

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    A child's family structure is a fundamental determinant of future well-being, making it essential to understand how public policies affect the involvement of fathers. In this paper, we exploit a reform of the German parental leave system which increased mother's income and reduced legal father's financial support burden to measure the impact on the relationship contract choices of parents who were unmarried at conception. Based on detailed birth record data, we demonstrate that short-run reform incentives during the first period after birth nudge unmarried fathers into the long-term commitment of acknowledging paternity. This shift reduces single motherhood by 6% but leaves the share of marriages at birth constant. Moreover, the change in relationship contract choices is mostly driven by parents of boys. These findings are compatible with predictions from a model where parents choose between three types of relationship contracts based on the mother's and father's incomes and support obligations. Our results highlight the necessity of studying intermediate relationship contracts (i.e., between the extremes of marriage and single motherhood) to improve our understanding of potential risk groups among the rising number of children growing up outside of marriage.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260507
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London ; no. 937 (March 2022)
    Schlagworte: paid parental leave; family structure; paternity establishment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Can public policy increase paternity acknowledgment?
    evidence from earnings-related parental leave
    Autor*in: Raute, Anna; Weber, Andrea; Zudenkova, Galina
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A child's family structure is a fundamental determinant of future well-being, making it essential to understand how public policies affect the involvement of fathers. In this paper, we exploit a reform of the German parental leave system - which... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    A child's family structure is a fundamental determinant of future well-being, making it essential to understand how public policies affect the involvement of fathers. In this paper, we exploit a reform of the German parental leave system - which increased mother's income and reduced legal father's financial support burden - to measure the impact on the relationship contract choices of parents who were unmarried at conception. Based on detailed birth record data, we demonstrate that short-run reform incentives during the first period after birth nudge unmarried fathers into the long-term commitment of acknowledging paternity. This shift reduces single motherhood by 6% but leaves the share of marriages at birth constant. Moreover, the change in relationship contract choices is mostly driven by parents of boys. These findings are compatible with predictions from a model where parents choose between three types of relationship contracts based on the mother's and father's incomes and support obligations. Our results highlight the necessity of studying intermediate relationship contracts (i.e., between the extremes of marriage and single motherhood) to improve our understanding of potential risk groups among the rising number of children growing up outside of marriage.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252237
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15113
    Schlagworte: paid parental leave; family structure; paternity establishment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Gender equality, growth, and how a technological trap destroyed female work
    Autor*in: Humphries, Jane; Schneider, Benjamin
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Oxford, [Oxford, United Kingdom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Oxford economic and social history working papers ; number 191 (May 2021)
    Schlagworte: development economics; gender equality; technological unemployment; family structure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
  9. Structural racism, family structure, and black-white inequality in poverty
    the differential impact of the legacy of slavery among single mother & married parent households
    Autor*in: Baker, Regina S.; O'Connell, Heather A.
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), asbl, Luxembourg

    Objective: To assess whether an indicator of structural racism - the legacy of slavery - impacts racial inequality in poverty among individuals within the same family structure. Background: Family structure is a dominant explanation for racial... mehr

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    Objective: To assess whether an indicator of structural racism - the legacy of slavery - impacts racial inequality in poverty among individuals within the same family structure. Background: Family structure is a dominant explanation for racial inequality in poverty. This overemphasis on an “individual-level” variable results in relatively less attention to the role of structural factors. Yet, structural factors, like the legacy of slavery, may be key to understanding how race and family structure intersect in the context of poverty. Method: We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study, the American Community Survey, and the Historical 1860 Census. Multilevel models link individual- and state-level data and separate models focus on counties. We assess whether a proxy of the legacy of slavery (i.e. the historical concentration of enslaved people in 1860) relates to Black-White inequality in poverty among single mother households and among married with children households in the U.S. South. Results: There is an impact of the legacy of slavery on Black-White inequality in poverty even within family type, but the legacy of slavery appears to be more consequential for married with children households than single mother households. Among married parent households, the racial gap in poverty is more pronounced where the legacy of slavery is stronger. Conclusion: Results suggests the link between family structure and racial inequality in poverty is overstated and more indirect, operating - at least partially - through structural racism Implications: This study challenges the perception of marriage as an anti-poverty mechanism. It also underscores the limitations of viewing family structure from an individual-level perspective when explaining racial inequality. Local manifestations of structural racism are part of how family structure matters for inequality in poverty.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267036
    Schriftenreihe: LIS working paper series ; no. 836
    Schlagworte: disparities; family structure; inequality; marriage; poverty; race
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Marriage and work among prime-age men
    Autor*in: Blandin, Adam; Jones, John Bailey; Yang, Fang
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Richmond

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond ; WP 23, 02
    Schlagworte: Labor supply; family structure; marriage; marital wage premium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Does co-residence with parents-in-law reduce women's employment in India?
    Autor*in: Jayaraman, Rajshri; Khan, Bisma
    Erschienen: January 19, 2023
    Verlag:  University of Toronto, Department of Economics, [Toronto]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Toronto, Department of Economics ; 747
    Schlagworte: female employment; family structure; labour supply; parents-in-law
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Does co-residence with parents-in-law reduce women's employment in India?
    Autor*in: Jayaraman, Rajshri; Khan, Bisma
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We examine the effect of co-residence with fathers- and mothers-in-law on married women's employment in India. Instrumental variable fixed effects estimates using two different household panel datasets indicate that co-residence with a father-in-law... mehr

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    We examine the effect of co-residence with fathers- and mothers-in-law on married women's employment in India. Instrumental variable fixed effects estimates using two different household panel datasets indicate that co-residence with a father-in-law reduces married women's employment by 11-13%, while co-residence with a mother-in-law has no effect. Difference-in-difference estimates show that married women's employment increases following the death of a co-residing father-in-law, but not mother-in-law. We investigate three classes of explanations for this: income effects, increased domestic responsibilities, and social norms. Our evidence is consistent with gender- and generational norms intersecting to constrain married women's employment when parents-in-law co-reside.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271882
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10238 (2023)
    Schlagworte: female employment; family structure; labour supply; parents-in-law
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The widow's offering
    inheritance, family structure, and the charitable gifts of women
    Erschienen: 2007
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

    This paper aims to explain disparities in the charitable bequest behavior of men and women. I use data on charitable bequests in wills from 17th Century Suffolk, England to investigate whether women or men were more generous to the poor when they... mehr

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    This paper aims to explain disparities in the charitable bequest behavior of men and women. I use data on charitable bequests in wills from 17th Century Suffolk, England to investigate whether women or men were more generous to the poor when they died. Because of the difference in the legal restrictions faced by married men and married women, I choose to compare unmarried individuals. Higher proportions of unmarried men make charitable donations and men make higher average donations. I find that differences in the wealth, circumstances and family status of women can explain between 58% and 99% of the gap in the donation rate. In addition, I find that women's attributes serve to depress their average donations. Based on these finding I conclude that women were not less generous than men despite the fact that a low proportion of total donations came from women. "This paper aims to explain disparities in the charitable bequest behavior of men and women. I use data on charitable bequests in wills from 17th Century Suffolk, England to investigate whether women or men were more generous to the poor when they died. Because of the difference in the legal restrictions faced by married men and married women, I choose to compare unmarried individuals. Higher proportions of unmarried men make charitable donations and men make higher average donations. I find that differences in the wealth, circumstances and family status of women can explain between 58% and 99% of the gap in the donation rate. In addition, I find that women's attributes serve to depress their average donations. Based on these finding I conclude that women were not less generous than men despite the fact that a low proportion of total donations came from women"--Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago web site

     
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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/70542
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago ; 2007-18
    Schlagworte: Fundraising; Geschlecht; Erbrecht; Vermögen; Familie; England
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: Online-Ressource, 33, 7 S., Text
    Bemerkung(en):

    Includes bibliographical references
  14. Marriage and work among prime-age men
    Autor*in: Blandin, Adam; Jones, John Bailey; Yang, Fang
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Research Department, Dallas

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Research Department ; 2313
    Schlagworte: Labor supply; family structure; marriage; marital wage premium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen