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  1. Export under background risk
    a mean-variance decision analysis for Indian manufacturing firms
    Autor*in: Mukherjee, Subhadip; Mukherjee, Soumyatanu; Mishra, Tapas Kumar
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  University of Nottingham, GEP, [Nottingham]

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; research paper 2020, 04
    Schlagworte: exports; background risk; background risk–augmented profit; decision under risk; mean-variance model; risk aversion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  2. Labour taxes and international trade
    the role of domestic labour value added
    Autor*in: Adarov, Amat; Holzner, Mario; Jovanović, Branimir; Vukšić, Goran
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    This paper revisits the relationship between labour taxation and international trade, focusing on the role of domestic labour value added. Using sectoral data from 41 EU and OECD economies over the period 2005- 2014, we assess how labour taxes affect... mehr

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    This paper revisits the relationship between labour taxation and international trade, focusing on the role of domestic labour value added. Using sectoral data from 41 EU and OECD economies over the period 2005- 2014, we assess how labour taxes affect exports and imports and how domestic labour value added shapes this relationship. We find that higher labour taxes reduce exports but that the effect depends to a large extent on the share of domestic labour value added, which differs by industries, countries and time periods. Imports do not seem to be affected. This implies that changes in labour taxes will not affect all sectors and countries in the same way and that policy makers should be aware of this when deciding on labour taxes. We also calculate the contribution of labour tax changes to the export dynamics in the analysed period and sample of countries, finding that in general the contribution is small.

     
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    hdl: 10419/240648
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 205
    Schlagworte: taxation; labour; international trade; exports; imports; labour share
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Productivity premia and firm heterogeneity in Eastern Africa
    Autor*in: Demena, Binyam A.; Msami, Jamal; Mmariand, Donald; Bergeijk, Peter A. G. van
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus, The Hague, The Netherlands

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    hdl: 1765/135504
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Institute of Social Studies ; no. 680
    Schlagworte: Productivity; exports; firm heterogeneity; FDI; sub-Saharan Africa; EA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. When are tariff cuts not enough?
    heterogeneous effects of trade preferences for the least developed countries
    Autor*in: Forge, Fabien; Garred, Jason; Kwon, Kyae Lim
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; # 2106E
    Schlagworte: Trade policy; trade preferences; tariffs; least developed countries; exports
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Consumer taste in trade
    Autor*in: Aw, Bee-yan; Lee, Yi; Vandenbussche, Hylke
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  University of Nottingham, GEP, [Nottingham]

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; research paper 2020, 15
    Schlagworte: consumer taste; quality; productivity; exports; firm-product; food
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Recovery beating expectations
    economic analysis and outlook for Central, East and Southeast Europe : wiiw forecast report autumn 2021
    Autor*in: Astrov, Vasily; Bykova, Alexandra; Grieveson, Richard; Leitner, Sebastian; Dobrinski, Rumen Nikolov; Duraković, Selena; Hanzl-Weiss, Doris; Hunya, Gábor; Jovanović, Branimir; Korpar, Niko; Mara, Isilda; Pindyuk, Olga; Podkaminer, Leon; Richter, Sándor; Ströhm, Bernd Christoph; Tverdostup, Maryna
    Erschienen: 20 October 2021
    Verlag:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    The economic recovery in CESEE has strengthened further in recent months, resulting in a number of additional upgrades to our growth forecasts for 2021, to 5.4% on the regional average. This good performance has been built on two important foundation... mehr

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    The economic recovery in CESEE has strengthened further in recent months, resulting in a number of additional upgrades to our growth forecasts for 2021, to 5.4% on the regional average. This good performance has been built on two important foundation stones: the adaptation of the CESEE economies to the pandemic and the increasing reluctance of their governments to impose restrictions. Labour markets have recovered, too; labour shortages have been on the rise, albeit, paradoxically, underemployment is still an issue. Despite the recent rise in inflation, driven mostly by supply-side disruptions and energy prices, there have been so far few signs of overheating in the region. The pace of recovery is projected to slow to 3.7% next year and 3.5% in 2023. The risks to this forecast are mostly on the downside, and include particularly unfavourable COVID-19 developments, premature fiscal consolidation, and the upcoming monetary tapering in the US.

     
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  7. The effect of airports on the growth of service exports
    Autor*in: Kneller, Richard; McGowan, Danny
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  University of Nottingham, GEP, Nottingham

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; research paper 2019, 10
    Schlagworte: airports; exports; service sector
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The competition between China and Korea for export markets in Latin America: an analysis by technological categories
    Autor*in: Libânio, Gilberto de Assis; Chaib, Diana
    Erschienen: junho de 2021
    Verlag:  UFMG/Cedeplar, Belo Horizonte

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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / UFMG, Cedeplar ; no 632
    Schlagworte: exports; exchange rate; China; Korea; panel data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. New insights into the relationship between taxation and international trade
    Autor*in: Jovanović, Branimir
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    This policy note summarises the main findings of our recent research on the effects of labour and corporate taxation on international trade, and discusses their policy implications. The first major finding is that labour taxes do not seem to affect... mehr

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    This policy note summarises the main findings of our recent research on the effects of labour and corporate taxation on international trade, and discusses their policy implications. The first major finding is that labour taxes do not seem to affect imports, while their effect on exports is likely to depend on how much domestic labour contributes to total value added. If the contribution of domestic labour is low, as has often been the case recently, changes in labour taxes are unlikely to have a major impact on exports. This is an important finding, because it challenges the established view in the literature and policy making, that by lowering labour taxes, authorities can improve the trade balance. The second major finding is that the effect of corporate tax on exports and imports depends on the stock of FDI. Corporate taxes are unlikely to affect international trade in general, but only when the stock of FDI is large. This means that corporate taxes affect international trade through multinational enterprises, which reduce their activity in countries with higher taxes and increase it in countries with lower taxes. Both labour and corporate taxes have seen a downward trend in recent decades, but we find that the contribution of this to the expansion of international trade has been small.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252310
    Schriftenreihe: Policy notes and reports ; 54 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: labour taxes; corporate taxes; international trade; exports; imports
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. How do corporate taxes affect international trade?
    Autor*in: Holzner, Mario; Jovanović, Branimir; Vukšić, Goran
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    This paper investigates how corporate income taxes affect international trade, and identifies the underlying channel. Using data on 33 NACE sectors, for 34 EU and OECD economies, over the period 2005-2014, we find that corporate income taxes reduce... mehr

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    This paper investigates how corporate income taxes affect international trade, and identifies the underlying channel. Using data on 33 NACE sectors, for 34 EU and OECD economies, over the period 2005-2014, we find that corporate income taxes reduce exports and imports only when the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) is high. The effect is present primarily in the service sector and in countries with low corporate taxes. We interpret these findings as evidence that multinational enterprises reduce their operations in countries that raise their corporate taxes. The effect has been found to be small on aggregate, implying that the expected increase in corporate taxes in the future, arising from the global minimum tax, is unlikely to hurt international trade.

     
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    hdl: 10419/259533
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 212
    Schlagworte: taxation; profits; international trade; exports; imports; FDI
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The effect of legislated tax changes on the trade balance
    empirical evidence for the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom
    Autor*in: Hayo, Bernd; Mierzwa, Sascha
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg

    Using a narrative account of quarterly discretionary changes in tax liabilities from 1974Q4 to 2018Q2 in a VAR setting, we study whether legislative tax changes affect the trade balance in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. As... mehr

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    Using a narrative account of quarterly discretionary changes in tax liabilities from 1974Q4 to 2018Q2 in a VAR setting, we study whether legislative tax changes affect the trade balance in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. As legislative tax changes we consider (i) all changes, (ii) personal income tax changes, (iii) business tax changes, (iv) indirect tax changes in Germany and the UK, (v) spillovers of US tax changes into Germany and the UK, and (vi) asymmetric reactions after tax hikes and cuts. Generally, we find that after a reduction in aggregated tax liabilities, imports and exports in the US and Germany react quite similarly: imports tend to rise; exports do not change much. Consequently and fostered by growing output - the net-exports-to-GDP ratio decreases. We find no clear net effect in the UK. Instead, UK imports only increase after cuts to indirect taxes. However, employing normal variations of the tax changes as a yardstick, the economic magnitude of the estimated effects on the trade variables is not particularly large. Thus, there remain doubts as to whether tax policy is an effective instrument for addressing trade imbalances.

     
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    hdl: 10419/234857
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: 27 January 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Joint discussion paper series in economics ; no. 2021, 03
    Schlagworte: Fiscal policy; tax policy; legislated tax changes; trade balance; exports; imports; Germany; United Kingdom; United States; VAR; narrative approach
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The impact of the real exchange rate on non-traditional exports using microdata: evidence from Chile and Peru
    = El impacto del tipo de cambio real en las exportaciones no tradicionales a partir de microdatos
    Autor*in: Castellares, Renzo
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  [Banco Central de Reserva del Perú], [Lima, Peru]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Banco Central de Reserva del Perú ; DT. no. 2021, 002 (marzo 2020)
    Schlagworte: Bilateral real exchange rate; productivity; exports; competitors; Peru; Chile
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Harmonization of intellectual property rights across the globe
    impact on India's pharmaceutical exports
    Autor*in: Bhandarkar, Supriya
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, India

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    ISBN: 9788194511441
    Schriftenreihe: ISEC working paper ; 479
    Schlagworte: TRIPS; exports; pharmaceuticals; intellectual property rights
    Umfang: 18 Seiten, Illustrationen
  14. The impact of AGOA on export flows from sub-Saharan Africa
    a dynamic system GMM analysis
    Autor*in: Oro; Ufuo, Oro; Alagidede, Paul
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  Economic Research Southern Africa, [Cape Town]

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    Schriftenreihe: ERSA working paper ; 837
    Schlagworte: Außenhandel; Handelspräferenzen; Außenwirtschaftstheorie; Subsahara-Afrika; USA; AGOA; exports; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  15. Tracing the local impacts of exports on poverty and inequality
    the case of Mexico
    Autor*in: Rodríguez-Castelán, Carlos; Vazquez, Emmanuel; Winkler, Hernan
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, [La Plata, Argentina]

    Evidence about the effect of exports on welfare at the local level is scarce. Using a unique dataset of international trade and poverty maps for almost 2,000 Mexican municipalities between 2004 and 2014, the study presented in this paper provides new... mehr

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    Evidence about the effect of exports on welfare at the local level is scarce. Using a unique dataset of international trade and poverty maps for almost 2,000 Mexican municipalities between 2004 and 2014, the study presented in this paper provides new evidence on the impact of a significant rise in exports on poverty and inequality at the local level. The analysis implements an instrumental variable approach that combines the initial structure of exports across municipalities with global trends in exports from developing to developed countries by sector. The results show that a 10 percent increase in the ratio of exports to workers reduces income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient by 0.17 points (using a 0 to 100 scale), but no significant effects on poverty reduction or average household incomes are identified. The lack of impacts on average incomes is driven by a rise in the supply of labor at the local level because municipalities with higher export growth experienced an increase in labor force participation and attracted more net migration, particularly of unskilled workers. Therefore, while total labor incomes grew in response to an increase in exports, average labor incomes per worker did not change. Declining remittances also blunted the effect of growing exports on household incomes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250358
    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / CEDLAS ; nro. 269 (noviembre, 2020)
    Schlagworte: International trade; exports; poverty; local impacts; migration
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Intra-African trade
    Autor*in: Olney, William W.
    Erschienen: June 2020
    Verlag:  University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Economics, Honolulu, HI

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Economics ; no. 20, 15
    Schlagworte: intra-continental trade; exports; infrastructure; corruption; trade agreements; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Micro, small and medium enterprises in India
    unfair fare
    Autor*in: Das, Keshab
    Erschienen: January 2008
    Verlag:  Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Gota, Ahmedabad

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    ISBN: 818902339X
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Gujarat Institute of Development Research ; no. 181 (January 2008)
    Schlagworte: micro and small enterprises; exports; global value chains; credit; industrial clusters; india
    Umfang: iii, 19 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  18. Education and the evolution of comparative advantage
    Autor*in: Felipe, Jesus; Jin, Hongyuan; Mehta, Aashish
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    We provide the first evidence that low- and middle-income countries with high education levels were more successful in developing comparative advantage in products unrelated to those they already export. In contrast, controlling for the relatedness... mehr

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    We provide the first evidence that low- and middle-income countries with high education levels were more successful in developing comparative advantage in products unrelated to those they already export. In contrast, controlling for the relatedness of target products to these countries' exports, education appears unimportant for developing comparative advantage in products that are intrinsically complex or education intensive. These results are supported by analysis of the evolution of comparative advantage in 1,240 products from 49 low- and middle-income countries between 1995 and 2015. They are robust to corrections for measurement and specification errors, for institutional, infrastructure, and foreign direct investment-related factors, for regional specialization patterns, and for each economy's degree of industrial dynamism prior to 1995. These results suggest that the key role of education when seeking to shift from peripheral to core products is to help a country cope with unfamiliar challenges, and so overcome path dependence.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 635 (March 2021)
    Schlagworte: comparative advantage; core; diversification; education; exports; path dependence; periphery; relatedness
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten)
  19. The importance of consumer taste in trade
    Autor*in: Aw, Bee-yan; Lee, Yi; Vandenbussche, Hylke
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  KU Leuven, Department of Economics, Leuven

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / KU Leuven, Department of Economics ; DPS19, 02 (March 2019)
    Schlagworte: tastes; quality; productivity; exports; firm-product
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Brazilian exporters and the rise of global value chains
    an empirical assessment
    Autor*in: Mazzi, Caio Torres
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2019, 014
    Schlagworte: exports; productivity; fragmentation; Global Value Chains
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Imported intermediates, technological capabilities and exports
    evidence from Brazilian firm-level data
    Autor*in: Mazzi, Caio Torres; Foster-McGregor, Neil
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2019, 028
    Schlagworte: imports; exports; productivity; innovation; technological capabilities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. How resilient was trade to Covid-19?
    Autor*in: Bas, Maria; Fernandes, Ana; Paunov, Caroline
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We examine the supply-side characteristics - unskilled labor, imported input intensity, dependence on inputs from China, production complexity - that determine different potential vulnerabilities of traded products to the COVID-19 pandemic. Relying... mehr

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    We examine the supply-side characteristics - unskilled labor, imported input intensity, dependence on inputs from China, production complexity - that determine different potential vulnerabilities of traded products to the COVID-19 pandemic. Relying on monthly exports at the product level by all countries to the United States, Japan, and all 27 European Union countries from January 2018 to December 2020, we estimate a difference-in-differences specification of the COVID-19 incidence (deaths per capita) mediated by product vulnerabilities. We account for the precise lag between when the COVID-19 shock hit the exporting country and when exports reach their destination country relying on the products' type of transportation and distance between exporter and importer countries. Higher reliance on foreign inputs, on China as input supplier, on unskilled labor and a lower degree of complexity negatively affected exports as a result of this shock.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260782
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9652 (2022)
    Schlagworte: exports; vulnerability; resilience; Covid-19; shock; high-frequency data
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  23. Consequences of a massive refugee influx on firm performance and market structure
    Autor*in: Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre; Bağır, Yusuf Kenan; Cilasun, Seyit Mümin; Kırdar, Murat Günay
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Head Office, Structural Economic Research Department, Ankara, Turkey

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası ; no: 21, 01 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: refugees; firm performance; market structure; sales; informality; exports; migrant business networks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Os subsídios afetam as exportações agrícolas brasileiras?
    análise a partir de modelos gravitacionais
    Autor*in: Martins, Michelle Márcia Viana; Cechin, Alícia; Bispo, Scarlett Queen Almeida; Pedrosa, Fernanda de Araújo; Carneiro, Flávio Lyrio; Nonnenberg, Marcelo José Braga; Mendonça, Marco Aurélio Alves de
    Erschienen: fevereiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of domestic support subsidies from third countries on Brazilian agricultural exports. The study contributes to the existing literature by applying to the dataset the subsidies provided by the... mehr

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    The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of domestic support subsidies from third countries on Brazilian agricultural exports. The study contributes to the existing literature by applying to the dataset the subsidies provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for different levels of disaggregation of government support. The gravity model is applied to agricultural flows aggregated and disaggregated by products and to Brazilian and world exports, which allows comparison of results. When considering exports of all agribusiness products, the direct support to the producer (producer support estimate - PSE) has a negative effect on shipments from Brazil in the period analyzed. Considering the General services support estimate (GSSE) and consumer support estimate (CSE), which deal with general subsidies to the sector and support to consumers of agricultural products, respectively, they did not show statistical significance. Starting with a more detailed analysis at the sectoral level, the results were different for different sectors: in relation to soybeans, the main product in the Brazilian agricultural export basket, the product-specific subsidy (single commodity transfers - SCT) did not show statistical significance on Brazilian shipments. In addition, Brazil's corn, pork and beef exports appear to have a positive relationship with subsidies provided by competing countries, while sugar shipments appear to be negatively affected. In the Fisheries and Aquaculture sector, the unavailability of data affected the achievement of econometric results for Brazil, but when considering world exports, it was possible to observe a positive relationship between subsidies and exports, that is, the subsidies provided to fisheries and aquaculture by countries may have contributed to the increase in exports in this sector.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261054
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2739
    Schlagworte: subsidies; domestic support; trade policy; exports
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  25. The effect of public export credit supports on firm performance
    Autor*in: Hur, Jung; Yoon, Haeyeon
    Erschienen: 28 February 2022
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 760 (22)
    Schlagworte: Export credit support; firm performance; exports
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