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  1. Green hydrogen
    implications for international cooperation : with special reference to South Africa
    Autor*in: Stamm, Andreas; Altenburg, Tilman; Strohmaier, Rita; Oyan, Ece; Thoms, Katharina
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    Green hydrogen – produced with renewable energy – is indispensable for the decarbonisation of economies, especially concerning “hard-to-abate” activities such as the production of steel, cement and fertilisers as well as maritime transport and... mehr

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    Green hydrogen – produced with renewable energy – is indispensable for the decarbonisation of economies, especially concerning “hard-to-abate” activities such as the production of steel, cement and fertilisers as well as maritime transport and aviation. The demand for green hydrogen is therefore booming. Currently, green hydrogen is far more expensive than fossil fuel-based alternatives, but major initiatives are underway to develop a global green hydrogen market and bring costs down. Green hydrogen is expected to become cost-competitive in the mid-2030s. Given their endowment with solar and wind energy, many countries in the Global South are well-positioned to produce low-cost green hydrogen and are therefore attracting investments. Whether and to what extent these investments will create value and employment for – and improve environmental conditions in – the host economies depends on policies. This discussion paper analyses the potential industrial development spillovers of green hydrogen production, distinguishing seven clusters of upstream and downstream industries that might receive a stimulus from green hydrogen. Yet, it also underlines that there is no automatism. Unless accompanied by industrial and innovation policies, and unless there are explicit provisions for using revenues for a Just Transition, hydrogen investments may lead to the formation of socially exclusive enclaves. The paper consists of two parts. Part A provides basic information on the emerging green hydrogen market and its technological ramifications, the opportunities for countries with abundant resources for renewable energy, how national policies can maximise the effects in terms of sustainable national development and how this can be supported by international cooperation. Part B delves into the specific case of South Africa, which is one of the countries that has an advanced hydrogen roadmap and hosts several German and international development projects. The country case shows how a national hydrogen strategy can be tailored to specific country conditions and how international cooperation can support its design and implementation.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    hdl: 10419/273342
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2023, 9
    Schlagworte: Energiepolitik; Erneuerbare Energien; Wasserstoff; Wirtschaft; Transformation; Endogenes Potenzial; Internationale Kooperation; Umweltpolitik; Green hydrogen; energy transition; industrial development; industrial policy; South Africa; Just Transition; technological learning; international cooperation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 47 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  2. The canary in the coal decline: Appalachian household finance and the transition from fossil fuels
    Autor*in: Blonz, Joshua; Roth Tran, Brigitte; Troland, Erin
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, [San Francisco, CA]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers series / Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ; 2023, 09 (March 2023)
    Schlagworte: Coal; household finance; energy transition; transition risks; climate policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Scenarios of a desirable and fair energy transition
    Autor*in: Dönitz, Ewa; Breitschopf, Barbara; Burghard, Uta
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

    The paper was created in the context of the project Akzept and focuses on the description of the scenario process and its results in the form of three scenarios for a desirable energy transition. The project aimed at analysing the influence of... mehr

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    The paper was created in the context of the project Akzept and focuses on the description of the scenario process and its results in the form of three scenarios for a desirable energy transition. The project aimed at analysing the influence of participation, communication, and selected socioeconomic criteria on the acceptance of the energy transition. The impact of self-supply of electricity and membership in a citizen energy initiative on the acceptance of the energy transition by those who did not participate in this way was also studied. The team conducted two scenario workshops to describe future designs of the energy transition as well as the needs and preferences of society in the form of various future scenarios. One workshop included persons who participated in the form of self-supply or membership in energy initiatives, while the other workshop aimed at socalled non-participants with a general interest in the topic of energy. The workshops comprised a combination of different activities, brainstorming, and discussions in small groups, and contributed to ensure engagement of participants with very different backgrounds throughout the scenario development. The scope for the scenario process was formed by important topics related to the energy transition that can be divided into three groups: individual engagement and decisions, energy transition in the broader context, and involvement as well as decisions in general. The energy transition can be achieved along three different paths, so-called scenarios: bottom-up, acceleration, and passive. The bottom-up scenario emphasises decentralised energy production with transparency and fairness, allowing for genuine participation and co-determination of citizens. It involves many small plants for energy production and allows for self-consumption, with low barriers for citizens to participate. The acceleration scenario prioritises rapid implementation and focuses on becoming independent from energy imports. It places a strong emphasis on regulations, and companies that emit high levels of CO2 have to pay a high price for their emissions. The passive scenario is characterised by a low level of interest from citizens, who display weak acceptance towards the energy transition. Information and transparency are not important, and the government is responsible for deciding on how to achieve the energy transition. The transition occurs at low cost, and energy utilities provide renewable energy at low prices.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper sustainability and innovation ; no. S 2023, 03
    Schlagworte: foresight; scenarios; participation; energy transition; acceptance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Wind power and the cost of local compensation schemes
    a Swedish revenue sharing policy simulation
    Autor*in: Lundin, Erik
    Erschienen: June 7, 2023
    Verlag:  Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden

    Local resistance towards wind power is a central challenge for the energy transition, implying that legally imposed compensation schemes for nearby residents may become more prevalent in the near future. In this study, I use GIS-coded data on... mehr

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    Local resistance towards wind power is a central challenge for the energy transition, implying that legally imposed compensation schemes for nearby residents may become more prevalent in the near future. In this study, I use GIS-coded data on detached residential buildings in Sweden to simulate a variety of revenue sharing schemes applied to every present and planned commercial scale wind power project, with a focus on documenting the impact on investor costs. I compare models that entitle compensation for distance between six and ten times the tip height of the closest turbine, imposing schemes that are both constant within the eligible distance, as well as declining with distance from the turbine. An important conclusion is that costs vary considerably depending on the model chosen. When compensations are awarded for residents as far away as ten times the turbine height, foregone revenues exceed two percent for a large share of the projects, potentially necessitating the inclusion of a regulated cap on compensation costs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/297263
    Schriftenreihe: IFN working paper ; no. 1467 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Wind power; negative externalities; local acceptance; energy transition; NIMBYism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Green hydrogen
    implications for international cooperation : with special reference to South Africa
    Autor*in: Stamm, Andreas; Altenburg, Tilman; Strohmaier, Rita; Oyan, Ece; Thoms, Katharina
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    Green hydrogen – produced with renewable energy – is indispensable for the decarbonisation of economies, especially concerning “hard-to-abate” activities such as the production of steel, cement and fertilisers as well as maritime transport and... mehr

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    Green hydrogen – produced with renewable energy – is indispensable for the decarbonisation of economies, especially concerning “hard-to-abate” activities such as the production of steel, cement and fertilisers as well as maritime transport and aviation. The demand for green hydrogen is therefore booming. Currently, green hydrogen is far more expensive than fossil fuel-based alternatives, but major initiatives are underway to develop a global green hydrogen market and bring costs down. Green hydrogen is expected to become cost-competitive in the mid-2030s. Given their endowment with solar and wind energy, many countries in the Global South are well-positioned to produce low-cost green hydrogen and are therefore attracting investments. Whether and to what extent these investments will create value and employment for – and improve environmental conditions in – the host economies depends on policies. This discussion paper analyses the potential industrial development spillovers of green hydrogen production, distinguishing seven clusters of upstream and downstream industries that might receive a stimulus from green hydrogen. Yet, it also underlines that there is no automatism. Unless accompanied by industrial and innovation policies, and unless there are explicit provisions for using revenues for a Just Transition, hydrogen investments may lead to the formation of socially exclusive enclaves. The paper consists of two parts. Part A provides basic information on the emerging green hydrogen market and its technological ramifications, the opportunities for countries with abundant resources for renewable energy, how national policies can maximise the effects in terms of sustainable national development and how this can be supported by international cooperation. Part B delves into the specific case of South Africa, which is one of the countries that has an advanced hydrogen roadmap and hosts several German and international development projects. The country case shows how a national hydrogen strategy can be tailored to specific country conditions and how international cooperation can support its design and implementation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273342
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2023, 9
    Schlagworte: Energiepolitik; Erneuerbare Energien; Wasserstoff; Wirtschaft; Transformation; Endogenes Potenzial; Internationale Kooperation; Umweltpolitik; Green hydrogen; energy transition; industrial development; industrial policy; South Africa; Just Transition; technological learning; international cooperation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 47 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  6. Financiamento externo e transição energética nos países do BRICS
    Autor*in: Mousinho, Maria Cândida Arrais de Miranda; Coelho, André Pires Batista
    Erschienen: abril de 2023
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Despite the challenges for its development, the energy transition is crucial not only to achieve energy security and reduce energy dependence in politically unstable regions, but above all post- -pandemic to meet the goals established in the 2030... mehr

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    Despite the challenges for its development, the energy transition is crucial not only to achieve energy security and reduce energy dependence in politically unstable regions, but above all post- -pandemic to meet the goals established in the 2030 Agenda. In this context, countries considered developed have an essential role in the trajectory for a safe global energy transition and, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) are also configured with unquestionable relevance: due to the economic, environmental and social representation they hold, these States are at the center of gravity of energy production and consumption. In that context, it is worth asking how the main global economies intersect with the countries that make up the BRICS regarding to financing for energy transition in these countries. Thus, the guiding question of this work is to know who are the main financiers of the countries that make up the BRICS for a low carbon economy within the scope of the OECD. The methodology adopted was based on the literature review that was combined with the data obtained in the prospection of the three databases chosen to carry out quantitative analyzes by summarizing statistical calculations. Among the results, it can be pointed out that among the BRICS, India was the country that received the most funding from OECD countries for energy transition and Germany was the main individual direct financier of the BRICS. It should be noted that, in relation to multilateral organizations, the World Bank played a leading role in financing the energy transition.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284920
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2864
    Schlagworte: energy transition; financing; developed countries; BRICS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Wind power approval, decentralization, and NIMBYism
    evidence from the Swedish Greens
    Autor*in: Lundin, Erik
    Erschienen: May 29, 2023
    Verlag:  Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden

    Green parties are commonly seen as strong proponents of wind power. This paper presents an alternative view, examining data from the highly decentralized institutional setup in Sweden where approval of wind power applications is delegated to local... mehr

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    Green parties are commonly seen as strong proponents of wind power. This paper presents an alternative view, examining data from the highly decentralized institutional setup in Sweden where approval of wind power applications is delegated to local governments. I demonstrate that the approval rate of land based wind power drops by 11 percentage points (from 49 % to 38 %) in municipalities where the Greens are in the ruling coalition, conditional on the share of Green seats in the local council. The association is identified using a twoway fixed-effects logit model with panel data on electoral outcomes from six election terms (2000-2020) in 290 municipalities, combined with detailed data on every application for wind power in Sweden. No statistically significant effect is found for any other of the main parties. A likely mechanism is that even if the Greens have relatively stronger preferences for climate policy than other parties, they are also relatively more concerned about local environmental disamenities caused by wind power. Since decision making is decentralized, local environmental concerns dominate preferences for climate policy, which should be especially pertinent in small municipalities. In line with this argument, I also show that the effect is inversely correlated with municipality population size.

     
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    hdl: 10419/297260
    Schriftenreihe: IFN working paper ; no. 1464 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Wind power; decentralization; negative externalities; electricity market; energy transition; climate policy; elections; NIMBYism; Green Party
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The energy community and the grid
    Autor*in: Gautier, Axel; Jacqmin, Julien; Poudou, Jean-Christophe
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Renewable energy communities involve various agents who decide to jointly invest in renewable production units and storage. This paper examines how these communities interact with the energy system and can decrease its overall cost. First, we show... mehr

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    Renewable energy communities involve various agents who decide to jointly invest in renewable production units and storage. This paper examines how these communities interact with the energy system and can decrease its overall cost. First, we show that a renewable energy community can contribute positively to welfare if the electricity produced by the investment is consumed close to its place of production, i.e. if the community has a high degree of self-consumption. Second, our analysis identifies the condition on prices and grid tariffs to align the community's interest with welfare maximization. We also show that some of these grid tariffs do not have a negative impact on non-members of the community and could therefore limit potential distributional issues. Third, we argue that various internal organization of the renewable energy communities are feasible. The internal organization impacts the distribution of benefits among members but not the global efficiency of the community.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271898
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10254 (2023)
    Schlagworte: energy communities; decentralized production unites; energy transition; grid regulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Social benefits of clean energy
    evidence from Bangladesh
    Autor*in: Uddin, Mohammed Gazi Salah; Abdullah-Al-Baki, Chowdhury; Park, Donghyun; Ahmed, Ali M.; Tian, Shu
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    Solar adoption exploded until 2015 in Bangladesh, setting a precedent for electrifying previously unconnected areas worldwide. This study tries to measure the welfare effects of solar adoption using the three rounds of the Bangladesh Integrated... mehr

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    Solar adoption exploded until 2015 in Bangladesh, setting a precedent for electrifying previously unconnected areas worldwide. This study tries to measure the welfare effects of solar adoption using the three rounds of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Surveys. We applied both ordinary least squares and propensity score matching techniques to estimate the welfare effects of solar adoption. We found that solar adoption is associated with higher income, expenditure, and asset value growth, and a massive reduction in kerosene expenditure than non-adopters. Other findings include that solar households tend to abandon sharecropping in favor of trading and poultry farming, and that children in solar households benefit in terms of schooling and nutrition.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 685 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: energy transition; solar adoption; education; welfare; Bangladesh
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  10. Democracy, economic development and low carbon energy
    when and why does democratization promote energy transition?
    Autor*in: Clulow, Zeynep; Reiner, David M.
    Erschienen: 12 January 2023
    Verlag:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, [Cambridge]

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    Schriftenreihe: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2304
    EPRG working paper ; 2218
    Schlagworte: renewable energy; solar; wind; hydro; geothermal; nuclear; energy transition; decarbonization; democracy; electricity generation; energy mix; economic development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Does accelerating the energy transition affect fiscalsSustainability in GCC countries?
    Autor*in: El Mahmah, Assil
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1684 (December 2023)
    Schlagworte: Fiscal Policy; energy transition; Debt sustainability; Panel Data Models
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Global transportation decarbonization
    Autor*in: Rapson, David; Muehlegger, Erich
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Research Department, Dallas

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Research Department ; 2309
    Schlagworte: climate policy; energy transition; transportation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Does environment and health awareness matter for household fuel choice?
    empirical evidence from Central Asia
    Autor*in: Azhgaliyeva, Dina; Kodama, Wataru; Holzhacker, Hans
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    Household consumption of coal and other dirty fuels for heating and cooking greatly contributes to air pollution both outdoors and indoors. This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of household heating choice (dirty versus modern... mehr

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    Household consumption of coal and other dirty fuels for heating and cooking greatly contributes to air pollution both outdoors and indoors. This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of household heating choice (dirty versus modern energy source). Energy transition in countries where a large proportion of the population is energy-poor could be challenging. To investigate the energy choice of the energy-poor population we conducted a survey with 1,522 households from three countries in Central Asia: eastern Uzbekistan, the southern Kyrgyz Republic, and northern Tajikistan (also called Fergana Valley). Half of the households (50%) use coal for heating. We find that the energy-poor (who comprise 66% of the population) are more likely to use dirty fuel for heating. The determinants of heating choice (dirty fuel versus modern energy) vary for the energy-poor and energy-non-poor. For example, households that care about environmental harm are less likely to choose dirty fuel for heating, but only among those who are energy nonpoor. Awareness of health impacts has a significant effect on the heating fuel choice across all groups (energy-poor and -nonpoor). Based on the above findings, policy recommendations for promoting the transition from dirty to modern heating are provided.

     
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    hdl: 10419/296817
    Schriftenreihe: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1425 (December 2023)
    Schlagworte: fossil fuel; heating; energy-poor; Central Asia; household energy consumption; energy transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Transition from coals to renewable energy
    evidence from Indonesia
    Autor*in: Sujai, Mahpud; Wahyudi, Riko; Sakina, Nova Amalia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    The energy sector's position as the second-largest contributor to Indonesia's total emissions underscores a critical environmental challenge. This concern is further compounded by the substantial carbon footprint attributed to coal-based power... mehr

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    The energy sector's position as the second-largest contributor to Indonesia's total emissions underscores a critical environmental challenge. This concern is further compounded by the substantial carbon footprint attributed to coal-based power plants. As a result, the energy sector has been included in an updated Indonesian Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to reduce 314 million metric tons CO2eq by 2030. The energy transition program in the subsector of electricity power plants, shifting from non-renewable fossil fuels to sustainable renewable sources, is one of the programs that will play a significant role in reducing emissions. However, the transition to renewable energy will necessitate numerous synergistic efforts in policy, technical, and financial arenas. This paper qualitatively identifies challenges and constraints of Indonesia's energy transition mechanism from four aspects: national energy planning; regulatory and legal framework; technology and infrastructure; and renewable energy financing. The study exposes diverse challenges, highlighting the complexity that characterizes the transition process and the need for a holistic approach, where policy decisions are seamlessly integrated with technological advancements and bolstered by robust financial support. This holistic approach will give information about the strategic decision-making by dissecting the intricacies of the energy transition, incentivizing renewable energy adoption through financial mechanisms, recalibrating regional structures, and instituting organizational reforms, paving pragmatic paths forward.

     
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    hdl: 10419/296808
    Schriftenreihe: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1416 (October 2023)
    Schlagworte: energy; NDC; coal-fired power plant; renewable energy; energy transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Policy modelling in Indonesia
    gaps, potential, and the way forward
    Autor*in: Rezki, Jahen Fachrul; Lutfi, Roes Regi; Justinus, Yoshua Caesar
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: LPEM-FEBUI working paper ; 076 (November 2023)
    Schlagworte: policy modelling; energy transition; Indonesia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Preferred design elements of the energy transition
    from the perspective of households
    Autor*in: Breitschopf, Barbara; Büttner, Isabelle; Burghard, Uta
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

    In light of the increasing climate change, policy makers have set ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emission. To achieve these targets, it is necessary to speed up the installation of renewable wind and solar power plants. This dynamic calls for... mehr

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    In light of the increasing climate change, policy makers have set ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emission. To achieve these targets, it is necessary to speed up the installation of renewable wind and solar power plants. This dynamic calls for an accelerated planning and permitting process with low resistance from citizens. To ensure a high acceptance of the energy transition, it is important to understand which design elements or characteristics, objectives or impacts of the energy transition are more or less preferred by citizens. This study therefore investigates what the preferred design elements for a fair and secure energy transition of German households look like. Based on literature and Energy Union objectives and policies, key dimensions are identified and then described by design elements. The dimensions are: the form of burden sharing of energy transition costs (distributional aspects), actions with respect to investment in and consumption of energy, the origin and security of energy supply and policies for a sustainable energy transition. To identify the favoured design elements, we applied a conjoint analysis. In an online survey conducted among 2000 German citizens, the respondents were asked to choose between two designs of the energy transition that are described by a design element per dimension. The results show that German households favour the polluter-pays rule for burden sharing, a regional energy supply to ensure supply security, information and appeals as policy instruments to promote the energy transition. Regarding actions, households opt for installing private photovoltaics. At the level of dimensions, the approval and refusal of the suggested burden sharing mechanisms were larger than those of the suggested energy supply design elements.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279434
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper sustainability and innovation ; no. S 2023, 06
    Schlagworte: design elements; energy transition; preferences; burden sharing; energysecurity; investor
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Oil price shocks and energy transition in Africa
    Autor*in: Nchofoung, Tii Njivukuh
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    When commodity prices rise in international markets, Africa's economic performance scarcely improves, and when commodity prices fall, its economic performance suffers substantially. This study examines the effect of oil price shocks on Africa's... mehr

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    When commodity prices rise in international markets, Africa's economic performance scarcely improves, and when commodity prices fall, its economic performance suffers substantially. This study examines the effect of oil price shocks on Africa's energy transition (ET). Data is obtained for 53 African countries between 2000 and 2020, with the Driscoll and Kraay and Panel VAR regression procedures used. The results reveal that oil price shocks have an adverse influence on Africa's ET, with the findings being strong in both rural and urban contexts. Furthermore, the results expose that the adverse effect is visible only in net crude oil exporting countries, whereas net oil importing countries have no significant effect. Moreover, oil price shocks cannot explain Africa's urban-rural differences in clean energy access. As policy implications, African policymakers should reduce the rural-urban gap in clean energy by investing more in clean energy and technologies in rural areas, which help enhance the resilience of the energy sector to oil price shocks.

     
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    hdl: 10419/298255
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/23, 064
    Schlagworte: Crude oil price shocks; energy transition; Panel VAR; Africa
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